• CHK2 is involved in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, CHK2 is known to phosphorylate the cell-cycle transcription factor E2F1 and the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death). (wikipedia.org)
  • It is also involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [17]. (termedia.pl)
  • RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. (hindawi.com)
  • A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • NIMA (never-in-mitosis gene A)-related kinase 1 (Nek1) is shown to impact on different cellular pathways such as DNA repair, checkpoint activation, and apoptosis. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Stably transduced doxycycline (Dox)-inducible Nek1 shRNA HeLa cervix and siRNA-transfected HCT-15 colorectal carcinoma cells were irradiated in vitro and 3D clonogenic radiation survival, residual DNA damage, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were analyzed. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Tumour suppression is achieved via the inhibition of cell division, induction of apoptosis (cell death) to remove altered cells, DNA damage repair, and inhibition of mechanisms that cause spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body (metastasis). (biotopics.co.uk)
  • In fact they they often code for proteins that stimulate cell division, prevent cell differentiation or regulate programmed cell death (apoptosis) within normal tissues and in this way they cause a controlled turnover of functional cells within an organ. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of EGFR and Aurora kinases represents a therapeutic means to activate cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in SCCHN. (oncotarget.com)
  • However, in established cancer cells, such DNA repair system may prevent further DNA damage in their progeny and decrease in apoptosis resulting in enhancement of tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, in addition to its checkpoint control function, hRad9 may play a role in regulating apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These molecules are involved in cell division, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and regulation of protein degradation. (pennmedicine.org)
  • These paclitaxel resistant ovarian cells demonstrate: (1) Increased IC 50 for paclitaxel and docetaxel (10 to 75-fold) and cross-resistance to anthracyclines (2) Reduced cell apoptosis in the presence of paclitaxel (3) Gene depletion involving mitotic regulators BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, cyclin BI (CCNB1), centromere protein E (CENPE), and centromere protein F (CENPF), and (4) Functional data validating gene depletion among mitotic regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) was originally indentified by Polyak et al in the analysis of p53-induced genes related to the onset of apoptosis ( 1 ). (ijbs.com)
  • In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)
  • Additionally, PIG3 mediates cancer cell death through the GPx3 pathway, and knocking down PIG3 or blocking the interaction between PIG3 and GPx3 would abolish the increase in ROS and apoptosis ( 5 ). (ijbs.com)
  • Based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, these DEGs were enriched with a broad spectrum of biological processes and pathways, including those associated with antioxidants, apoptosis, chaperones, immunity and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To investigate the mechanism of EESR-mediated cytotoxicity, HT29 cells were treated with various concentrations of EESR and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and Western blot analysis. (jcpjournal.org)
  • EESR possessing antioxidant activity efficiently inhibits proliferation of HT29 cells by inducing both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Cancer cells can grow unusually via limitless number of cell division and can avoid apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
  • 6 , 7 Therefore, the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is being an important preventive strategy against cancer. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Evidence points to a role for c-Met and RON signaling in tumor progression by increasing proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, contributing to angiogenesis, promoting metastasis and in maintenance of cancer stem cells [ 11 - 14 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)
  • p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Mutations to the CHEK2 gene have been linked to a wide range of cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inherited mutations in the CHEK2 gene have been linked to certain cases of breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two more CHEK2 gene mutations, CHEK2*S428F, an amino-acid substitution to the kinase domain in exon 11 and CHEK2*P85L, an amino-acid substitution in the N-terminal region (exon 1) have been found in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations to CHEK2 have been found in hereditary and nonhereditary cases of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • A spectacular example of this approach to treatment of breast cancer is application of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, such as olaparib, to patients with germline BRCA1 mutations [4, 5]. (termedia.pl)
  • There are only a few reports on the expression of Ku70/80 in breast cancers [17-21], but the association of this protein with germline CHEK2 mutations in breast cancer patients is unknown. (termedia.pl)
  • Germline CHEK2 mutations have been associated with estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer [22, 23]. (termedia.pl)
  • However, although ER positive tumors tend to have a better prognosis in unselected breast cancer patients, germline CHEK2 mutations are associated with increased risk of the development of ER positive breast cancer with an unfavorable prognosis [24-26]. (termedia.pl)
  • Genetic testing for deleterious mutations in breast cancer 1, early onset gene ( BRCA1 ) and BRCA2 can provide key information to guide clinical decision making. (jci.org)
  • Women who are heterozygous carriers of mutations in either gene have a 60%-80% lifetime risk of breast cancer and a 10%-40% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer ( 1 ), reflecting a very high penetrance. (jci.org)
  • The breast cancer patients were 353 unrelated German women (mean age 44.8 years, range 21 to 80 years) who were negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as LKB1, involved in AMPK activation, have been identified in certain cancers. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The multihit model postulates that several unique genetic mutations combine to cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • In colorectal cancer, multiple mutations are present. (medscape.com)
  • For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • Although the exact process has not been elucidated, the sum of these mutations is believed to lead to cancer development in this model. (medscape.com)
  • These factors may cause mutations or abnormal expression of certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, leading to the occurrence or development of CRC [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Prevalence of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in Chinese patients with renal cell carcinoma. (urotoday.com)
  • Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)
  • The loss of proper response to DNA damage leads to genomic instability such as gene mutations, incomplete replication and the loss or gain of chromosomes to future generations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These alterations can take the form of epigenetic modifications, point mutations, translocations, amplifications or deletions and modify gene functions in ways that deregulate cellular signalling pathways leading to the cancer phenotype. (bmj.com)
  • Aberrant expression and activities of c-Met and RON in cancer are attributed to various mechanisms including increased expression of their ligands or receptors and by activating mutations [ 4 , 15 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Mutations in the RON and c-Met promoters are known to enhance transcription and point mutations have been identified that enhance tyrosine kinase activity [ 19 - 21 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The FIDES-02 study is a multi-cohort, open-label phase 1/2 study with the goal to explore Derazantinib as single agent and in combination with atezolizumab in patients with advanced urothelial cancer testing positive for mutations or fusions of FGFR1, FGFR2 or FGFR3 genes. (swissbiotech.org)
  • FGFR gene alterations, e.g. gene fusions, amplifications or mutations, have been identified as potentially important therapeutic targets for various cancers, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), urothelial, breast, gastric and lung cancers. (swissbiotech.org)
  • He's currently researching whether these alleles alone cause resistance to PARP inhibitors and other cancer treatments-and therefore, these studies could impact clinical management of patients harboring BRCA2 mutations. (yale.edu)
  • Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of YK-029A in treatment-naïve patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations: A phase I trial. (cdc.gov)
  • We have pursued phosphoproteomic analyses highlighting ATR activity in ALK-driven NB cells, identifying the BAY1895344 ATR inhibitor as a potent inhibitor of NB cell growth and proliferation. (ugent.be)
  • A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
  • Stimulation of AVPR2 with a selective agonist desmopressin promoted CRPC cell proliferation through cAMP/protein kinase A signaling, consistent with AVPR2 coupling to the G protein subunit alpha s. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
  • A tumor is a any abnormal proliferation of cells. (powershow.com)
  • AMPK is often considered a metabolic checkpoint as it can control cell proliferation when activated under energetic stress, and activation of AMKP results in the inhibition of mTOR activity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • 2009. Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • We have also demonstrated previously overexpression of Rad9 mRNA in a number of primary breast tumors and the increased Rad9 mRNA was correlated with an increased risk of local recurrence and tumor proliferation, suggesting that Rad9 is an oncogene in breast cancer [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibitory effect of EESR on cancer cell growth and proliferation was determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. (jcpjournal.org)
  • FGFR kinases are key drivers of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (swissbiotech.org)
  • The article also underscores the various possible mechanisms by which honey may inhibit growth and proliferation of tumors or cancers. (mdpi.com)
  • Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • BKM120 Intriguingly, we observed that in nicotine mediated action, EGFR activation led to a rise of E2F1 activity, resulting in the promotion of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. (casr-signal.com)
  • Patients who are radioresistant respond poorly to RT and may experience cancer progression. (nature.com)
  • Molecular portraits of cell cycle checkpoint kinases in cancer evolution, progression, and treatment responsiveness. (uc.edu)
  • RON-augmented cholesterol biosynthesis in breast cancer metastatic progression and recurrence. (uc.edu)
  • Interrogation of prostate cancer patient sample data revealed that coexpression of AVPR1A and AVPR2 is highly correlated with disease progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Correspondingly, most cancer signaling pathways seem to converge on one or more TFs, termed "master regulators" (MRs) [ 4 ], which direct tumor development, progression, and metastasis through hierarchical control of gene expression patterns. (aging-us.com)
  • Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
  • Work across many laboratories is geared toward elucidating the genetics behind cancer, discovering cellular mechanisms that lead to cancer, and elucidating intracellular and intercellular interactions that allow this progression. (medscape.com)
  • In head and neck cancer, the histologic progression of severity from hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ to invasion provides a framework to understand the genetic progression of cancer. (medscape.com)
  • miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • There is a pressing need to improve therapy in particular for patients with metastatic disease or local recurrence, where the median progression-free and overall survival is only ~ 6 months and ~11 months, respectively [ 2 - 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Ovarian cancer is frequently sensitive to chemotherapy at diagnosis but rapid development of drug resistance leads to disease progression and ultimately death in the majority of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 12 The activation of cyclin/CDK complex accelerates cell cycle progression, which are regulated by phosphorylation. (jcpjournal.org)
  • 10, 11 For patients with advanced urothelial cancer, outcomes can be poor due to the often rapid progression of the tumor and the lack of efficacious treatments, especially in relapsed or refractory disease. (swissbiotech.org)
  • This review article focuses on the role of honey in modulating the development and progression of tumors or cancers. (mdpi.com)
  • The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
  • Senescence-related genes are involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of GC. (impactaging.com)
  • Cancer is an aging disease and cellular senescence plays an essential role in promoting cancer development and tumor progression [ 2 ], suggesting the great potential of senescence-related genes in predicting prognosis and pharmacological response. (impactaging.com)
  • According to the PPI networks, five hub genes ( TPX2, KIF2C, CDCA8, BUB1B , and CCNA2 ) were identified as key genes associated with breast cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collagen is a major structural extracellular matrix component in breast cancer, but its role in cancer progression is the subject of historical debate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were not significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, time to progression, or overall survival in the whole patient population or in the docetaxel group. (lu.se)
  • CONCLUSIONS: APC gene inactivation concerns minority of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, however, its detection indicates higher risk of progression to ADC. (who.int)
  • Decreased expression of six RNA species was seen at various time points in all cell strains analyzed, these were: plasminogen activator (PLAT), centromere protein F (CPF), replication factor C (RFC3), thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), a putative mitotic checkpoint kinase (BUB1) and a gene of unknown function (GenBank accession number AI859865). (cdc.gov)
  • We previously identified a clinically relevant seven gene network in aggressive CRPC, which includes the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) kinase BUB1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since SAC is deregulated in taxane resistant PC, we evaluated BUB1 and found that it was over-expressed in advanced PC patient datasets and taxane resistant PC cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Treatment with a specific BUB1 kinase inhibitor re-sensitized resistant CRPC cells, including cells expressing constitutively active androgen receptor (AR) variants, to clinically used taxanes. (bvsalud.org)
  • This work shows that disruption of BUB1 kinase activity reverted resistance to taxanes, which is essential to advancing BUB1 as a potential therapeutic target for intractable chemotherapy resistant CRPC including AR variant driven CRPC, which lacks durable treatment options. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, CHK2's inhibition of the CDC25 phosphatases prevents entry of the cell into mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using RNA-Seq, proteomics and phosphoproteomics we characterize NB cell and tumour responses to ATR inhibition, identifying key components of the DNA damage response as ATR targets in NB cells. (ugent.be)
  • Remarkably, a 2-week combined ATR/ALK inhibition protocol leads to complete tumor regression in two independent genetically modified mouse NB models. (ugent.be)
  • If a mutation occurs in the proto-oncogene, producing an oncogene , more of these proteins are produced and this leads to unregulated cell division, a slower rate of cell differentiation and increased inhibition of the normal cell death, so cells build up, causing cancer and forming a tumour. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Knockdown of MMP28 qualified prospects to inhibition of anchorage 3rd party growth both in OSCC (dental squamous cell carcinomas)and esophageal carcinomas[11]. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Combined Aurora kinase and EGFR targeting using a monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody was more effective compared to single EGFR and Aurora kinase inhibition. (oncotarget.com)
  • These genetic aberrations may cause loss of growth inhibition in normally quiescent cells and result in carcinogenesis [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on in vitro data, derazantinib has the potential to enhance the response to atezolizumab's PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition. (swissbiotech.org)
  • The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In wounded pores and skin solid upregulation of MMP28 happens in mitotic cells behind the improving wound edge however not in positively migrating keratinocytes which secrete additional MMPs such as for example collagenase stromelysin and gelatinase [10]. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Previous evidence points to numerous components of the spindle assembly checkpoint and mitotic regulation playing a major role in several cancers [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We now identified the E3 Ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 as a factor that controls the stability of the MCL1/NOXA complexes during mitotic arrest with dramatic effects on the survival of the cells during and after mitotic arrest. (villungerlab.com)
  • CHEK2 (Checkpoint kinase 2) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the protein CHK2, a serine-threonine kinase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CHEK2 protein encoded by the CHEK2 gene is a serine threonine kinase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein consists of 543 amino acids and the following domains: N-terminal SQ/TQ cluster domain (SCD) Central forkhead-associated (FHA) domain C-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain (KD) The SCD domain contains multiple SQ/TQ motifs that serve as sites for phosphorylation in response to DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipocalin 10 is essential for protection against inflammation-triggered vascular leakage by activating LDL receptor-related protein 2-slingshot homologue 1 signalling pathway. (uc.edu)
  • Deletion or mutation of genes coding for Ku70 or Ku80 proteins results in a highly radiosensitive phenotype [10]. (termedia.pl)
  • With such models, the interactions between genes, proteins or other multiomics data can be captured and studied, and provide valuable insight into their functional relationships. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The resulting hubs (i.e. genes or proteins with a high number of interactions) may again be used to identify central genes, functionally important proteins or pathway initiators, and thus potential drug targets [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His early research includes seminal work done in 1989, demonstrating the importance of cell cycle proteins in the functioning of DNA tumor viruses. (newswise.com)
  • although in a few whole instances MMP28 proteins is downregulated in tumor in comparison to normal cells [12]. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. (cancerindex.org)
  • Senescence-related secretory phenotype (SASP) refers to the ability of senescent tumor cells to actively produce a wide variety of proteins, many of which are pro-inflammatory cytokines or pro-inflammatory substances in themselves [ 10 , 11 ]. (impactaging.com)
  • genes are like recipe books, telling the cells in our body how to make chemicals called proteins. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The aim of our work is to understand how changes in the genes and proteins involved in these conditions cause disease. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Yale Cancer Center has an especially impressive armamentarium in the study of BRCA1 and BRCA2, proteins involved with DNA repair that, when mutated, can cause breast , ovarian , prostate , and pancreatic cancers. (yale.edu)
  • Those mechanisms affect which kind of therapies might work once cancer patients relapse on PARP inhibitors, a treatment that stops PARP proteins from repairing DNA damage in cancer cells and leads to cell death. (yale.edu)
  • I will accomplish this by identifying and mechanistically characterize cell surface proteins that protect leukemia cells against the innate immune system. (lu.se)
  • I will also provide in vivo proof of concept for a therapeutic effect by inhibiting the identified cell surface proteins in mouse models of leukemia. (lu.se)
  • To identify cell surface proteins on leukemia cells that inhibit Natural killer cells ( Aim 1a ) or macrophages ( Aim 1b ) using CRISPR screens. (lu.se)
  • To characterize the function and expression patterns of the identified cell surface proteins in acute myeloid leukemia cells from patients. (lu.se)
  • To demonstrate proof of concept for a therapeutic effect by inhibiting the identified cell surface proteins in patient-derived xenograft models of leukemia. (lu.se)
  • They have complementary mechanisms to hinder the carcinogenic process by searching free radicals, inhibiting survival and multiplication of malignant cells, as well as reducing invasiveness and angiogenesis of tumors. (researchsquare.com)
  • DDR1 and DDR2 showed mutually exclusive gene expression patterns in human tumors. (tempus.com)
  • A careful analysis of c-Met/RON expression or activity and a better elucidation of how they influence cell signaling will be useful in predicting which tumors respond best to these inhibitors as well as determining which agents can be used with these inhibitors for combined therapy. (oncotarget.com)
  • Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd. (SIX: BSLN) announced today that it has initiated the phase 1/2 FIDES-02 study ( F ibroblast growth factor I nhibition with DE razantinib in S olid tumors) with the pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitor derazantinib. (swissbiotech.org)
  • 4 Pre-clinical data has shown that tumor macrophage depletion through CSF1R blockade renders tumors more responsive to T-cell checkpoint immunotherapy, including approaches targeting PD-L1/PD-1. (swissbiotech.org)
  • The FGFR landscape in cancer: Analysis of 4,853 tumors by next-generation sequencing. (swissbiotech.org)
  • As one of the prevalent tumors worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) has obtained sufficient attention in its clinical management and prognostic stratification. (impactaging.com)
  • Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent tumors, with the fifth-highest incidence and fourth-highest mortality rate all over the world [ 1 ]. (impactaging.com)
  • Previously, selleckchem we established that publicity to nicotine activates Raf and PKC pathways in Rat or murine lung epithelial or can cer cells, which facilitate the genesis and advancement of tumors. (casr-signal.com)
  • p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. (lu.se)
  • Interestingly, tumors with both negative mdm-2 and p21 expression, irrespective of p53 status, had a high response rate to docetaxel but no response to MF. (lu.se)
  • This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immunotherapy for treatment-naïve metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma-A network meta-analysis. (urotoday.com)
  • Several of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors have activity against both c-Met and RON kinases whereas the antibodies generally are target specific. (oncotarget.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
  • The relationship between miRNAs and cancer was demonstrated for the first time in 2002, with miRNAs being stated as a potential mechanism that may contribute to improve some cancer therapeutic approaches through restoring or blocking the miRNAs function ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, the authors, through a comprehensive proteomics analysis, identify ATR as a potential therapeutic target of neuroblastoma and demonstrate the efficacy of the ATR inhibitor BAY1895344 in combination with the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor lorlatinib. (ugent.be)
  • Plants are natural reservoirs of novel compounds and provide a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of cancer. (researchsquare.com)
  • Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the longstanding treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PC) because androgen receptor (AR) is the key therapeutic vulnerability for this disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we investigated a plausible therapeutic synergism of a triple combination of CBD/CBG, curcumin, and piperine in the colon adenocarcinoma using HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Paclitaxel is a frontline therapy used to treat advanced ovarian cancer, and in many instances, paclitaxel is combined with platinum based therapeutic drugs, such as carboplatin to improve overall survival [ 4 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, through gene expression profiling we have demonstrated disruption of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the paclitaxel resistant cell lines, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • c-Met and RON have essential functional roles in embryonic development and organogenesis [ 3 , 4 ] and are over expressed and/or aberrantly activated in various cancer types suggesting their potential importance as therapeutic targets [ 5 - 10 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • It can be applied to reveal highly correlative gene sets and explore potential biomarker genes or therapeutic targets according to the internal connectivity of gene clusters and the associations between gene clusters and phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Successful completion of these projects will identify new therapeutic targets in AML and expand our knowledge regarding how AML cells escape the immune system, findings that might be translated into new therapeutic opportunities in AML and possibly other cancer types. (lu.se)
  • These inhibitors inhibit NHEJ-catalyzed DSB repair and sensitize in vitro cancer cells to DSB-inducing agents. (termedia.pl)
  • Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
  • Inhibitors of the glycolytic pathway, such as dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) are now being used in clinical studies as potential anticancer agents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Distinct Predictive Immunogenomic Profiles of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and IL2: A Real-world Evidence Study of Patients with Advanced Renal Cancer. (urotoday.com)
  • Inhibitors for c-Met and RON including small molecular weigh kinase inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies are in pre-clinical investigation and clinical trials. (oncotarget.com)
  • Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors in cancer therapy. (swissbiotech.org)
  • She already has a candidate in mind for the job: a new class of drugs called ATR kinase inhibitors. (yale.edu)
  • She is working to design a clinical trial for ATR inhibitors in BRCA1 patients with fellow Gray Foundation team member Patricia LoRusso, DO , professor of medicine and associate cancer center director of experimental therapeutics. (yale.edu)
  • c-Met and receptor originated from nantes (RON) are structurally related transmembrane phosphotyrosine kinase receptors. (oncotarget.com)
  • c-Met and RON form both activated homodimers and heterodimers with themselves and other families of phosphotyrosine kinase receptors. (oncotarget.com)
  • Methods In this study, an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)-binding peptide D CDX was used to modify the codelivery liposomes to achieve a 'three-birds-one-stone' delivery strategy, that is, multi-targeting the glioma vessel endothelium, glioma cells, and tumor-associated macrophages that all overexpressed α7 nAChRs. (bmj.com)
  • By studying the mechanisms of nicotine mediated cell development promotion, we unveiled that a cross speak occurred exclusively between two critical cell sur encounter receptors, nAChR and EGFR. (casr-signal.com)
  • The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Sensitization of cancer cells to conventional drugs using multi-target agents that block survival and oncogenic pathways, alone or in combination, is an emerging strategy to overcome drug resistance. (researchsquare.com)
  • These phytochemicals frequently act by means of regulating molecular pathways which are embroiled in development and dissemination of cancer. (researchsquare.com)
  • There are numerous pathways that are associated with the cancer development in body. (researchsquare.com)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • We are using genetics, genomics and biochemical approaches to establish unknown pathways involved in these cellular events and attempting to develop models that explain how gammaherpesviruses establish transformation in human cells. (pennmedicine.org)
  • DDR2 high BCa exhibited activation of immune pathways and a high immune score, indicative of a T-cell-inflamed phenotype, whereas DDR1 high BCa exhibited a non-T-cell-inflamed phenotype. (tempus.com)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • EGFR has become proven to mediate no less than two pathways in cancer cells, the cytosolic along with the nuclear pathways. (casr-signal.com)
  • Tumor-induced glaucoma may be produced by obstruction of outflow pathways by pigment cells (pigment dispersion syndrome), melanin-laden macrophages (melanomalytic glaucoma), or tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • Identification of master regulator (MR) genes offers a relatively rapid and efficient way to characterize disease-specific molecular programs. (aging-us.com)
  • Thus, MRs comprise typically a small number of TF-encoding genes (and their products) that control a disproportionate level of gene expression, giving rise to distinct molecular phenotypes associated with a particular disease. (aging-us.com)
  • Its role as a molecular target for radiation sensitization of malignant cells, however, remains elusive. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Antonio Giordano, MD, PhD, is an oncologist and geneticist, as well as founder and president of the Sbarro Health Research Organization and director of the Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (newswise.com)
  • He works on molecular therapeutics and also studies the connections between obesity and cancer. (newswise.com)
  • To further examine the role of hRad9 in breast cancer cells, we now report on the histologic expression of the hRad9 protein and its different molecular forms in primary breast cancer and normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer effects of ethanol extract of S. rufopilosa (EESR) and to determine the molecular mechanism of its anticancer activity in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. (jcpjournal.org)
  • FGFR a promising druggable target in cancer: Molecular biology and new drugs. (swissbiotech.org)
  • I am medically qualified and gained Master (MSc pathology) and MD degrees in Pathology (by examination) , PhD in Molecular Pathology (Breast Cancer) from UoN and obtained the Fellowship of the Royal College of Pathologists by examination. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Both the BRCA1 and BRCA2 protein are involved in DNA repair," said Megan King , PhD , associate professor of cell biology and of molecular, cellular and development biology, and co-leader of the Radiobiology and Genome Integrity Research Program at Yale Cancer Center. (yale.edu)
  • Although older chemotherapeutic drugs are often toxic to normal cells, advances in genetics and cellular and molecular biology have led to development of more selective drugs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Oncogenes like MYCN and ALK result in increased replication stress in cancer cells, offering therapeutically exploitable options. (ugent.be)
  • 10 Genes that, when activated, contribute to the carcinogenesis are generally termed proto-oncogenes. (bmj.com)
  • The mutated forms of these genes are referred to as oncogenes. (bmj.com)
  • In mammalian cells, stimulated oncogenes accompanied by inactivated tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) are crucial inducements of proliferative stress and induction of cellular senescence, which therefore limit tumor growth [ 3 - 5 ]. (impactaging.com)
  • As one of the four major means of cancer treatment including surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, RT can be applied to various cancers as both a radical cancer treatment and an adjuvant treatment before or after surgery. (nature.com)
  • The emergence of immunotherapy has recently disrupted the paradigm of traditional cancer treatment (including the three traditional treatments RT, chemotherapy, and surgery), and immunotherapy functions by activating the body's immune system to fight cancer. (nature.com)
  • One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
  • CSF1/CSF1R Blockade reprograms tumor-infiltrating macrophages and improves response to T cell checkpoint immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer models. (swissbiotech.org)
  • Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy efficacy were investigated in the PRJEB25780 cohort. (impactaging.com)
  • An Introduction and Overview of RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. (uc.edu)
  • AVPR1A is part of a family of GPCR's including arginine vasopressin receptor type 2 (AVPR2). (bvsalud.org)
  • Oestrogen enters target cells, and binds with a receptor protein. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • We analyzed the clinical data and performed immunohistochemistry for Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A) expression in 180 SCCHN patients. (oncotarget.com)
  • Derazantinib also inhibits the colony-stimulating-factor-1-receptor kinase (CSF1R). (swissbiotech.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. (cancerindex.org)
  • AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is commonly overexpressed in several solid tumours and numerous hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)
  • EGFR belongs to a household from the receptor tyrosine kinases and functions as being a mediator to transmit cell sig naling initiated by extracellular growth factors towards the nucleus. (casr-signal.com)
  • In nicotine treated neuroblastoma OSI-930 structure or Xenopus oocytes cells, the a7 subunit of nAChR has been proven to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation BGB324 and Src was accountable for the activa tion of this subunit with the receptor. (casr-signal.com)
  • EESR induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner by modulating cyclin B, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and CDK inhibitor p21 expression. (jcpjournal.org)
  • The study is evaluating derazantinib alone and in combination with Roche's PD-L1-blocking immune-checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab (Tecentriq ® ) in patients with advanced urothelial cancer, including metastatic, or recurrent surgically unresectable disease, expressing FGFR gene aberrations. (swissbiotech.org)
  • Derazantinib (formerly ARQ 087) is an investigational orally administered small molecule panFGFR kinase inhibitor with strong activity against FGFR1, 2, and 3. (swissbiotech.org)
  • In collaboration with AstraZeneca, Jensen has focused on three BRCA2 reversion alleles, containing deletions in the BRCA2 gene that reactivate DNA repair functions, in tumor cell DNA from ovarian cancer patients who relapsed on a PARP inhibitor. (yale.edu)
  • Furthermore, we used this assay to determine the effects of BRCA1 variants on cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and genomic stability. (jci.org)
  • As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2011. Regulation of cancer cell metabolism. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • It also helped to open a very exciting avenue of research involving investigators with expertise in different aspects of growth control and cancer.Giordano's lab also discovered the tumor suppressor gene RB2/p130 and the cell cycle kinases CDK9 and CDK10, two other key players in cell cycle regulation and cell differentiation. (newswise.com)
  • Emerging evidence signifies that upon activation, some of EGFR or its relatives members in cancer cells relocate on the nucleus, where they par ticipate from the regulation of gene transcription, cell cycle checkpoints and DNA restore. (casr-signal.com)
  • The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)
  • Background The goal of this scholarly research was to research invasion and ABT-418 HCl metastasis related genes in gastric tumor. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Conclusions This research indicates MMP28 is generally overexpressed during development Mouse monoclonal to FUK of gastric carcinoma and plays a part in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis exposed MMP28 can be overexpressed in gastric carcinoma in accordance ABT-418 HCl with regular epithelial cells and MMP28 can be significantly connected with depth of tumor invasion lymph node metastasis along with a poorer general success. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Our data shows MMP28 can be regularly overexpressed during gastric carcinoma development and plays a part in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • 1 Due to its difficulty in early diagnosis, strong invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis, colorectal cancer is highly lethal and aggressively malignant. (jcpjournal.org)
  • AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Distant metastasis of breast cancer is causing an increasing number of breast cancer-related deaths. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, these five hub genes were significantly associated with worse distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in the patient cohort based on KM Plotter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Five hub genes ( TPX2 , KIF2C , CDCA8 , BUB1B , and CCNA2 ) associated with the risk of distant metastasis were extracted for further research, which might be used as biomarkers to predict distant metastasis of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collagen may represent a protective layer that prevents cancer cell migration, while increased stromal collagen has been demonstrated to facilitate breast cancer metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ku70/80 forms a complex with the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to form the full DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PK [7]. (termedia.pl)
  • Another important pathway is the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Since the time of this discovery, two of the three variants (a deletion in the kinase domain in exon 10 and a missense mutation in the FHA domain in exon 3) have been linked to inherited susceptibility to breast as well as other cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • A CHEK2 mutation known as the I157T variant to the FHA domain in exon 3 has also been linked to breast cancer but at a lower risk than the CHEK2*1100delC mutation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sequence analysis of these genes is being used to identify BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, though these efforts are hampered by the high frequency of variants of unknown clinical significance (VUSs). (jci.org)
  • Individuals carrying a mutation in the breast cancer 1, early onset gene ( BRCA1 ) are at increased risk of breast or ovarian cancer and thus are candidates for risk reduction strategies such as oophorectomy and mastectomy. (jci.org)
  • A mutation, or (increased or abnormal) methylation, in a tumour suppressor gene may adversely affect the expression or transcription of the gene so that the amino acid sequence and hence the primary structure of its polypeptide product is altered. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Liver carcinogenesis is a multistep, long process associated with multiple risk factors, e.g. viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, metabolic disorders, and obesity [ 2 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • It is suggested that curcumin can selectively kill tumor cells through its multifaceted metabolic effects, that culminate in its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities ( Hewlings and Kalman, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The CHEK2 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 22 at position 12.1. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1999, genetic variations of CHEK2 were found to correspond to inherited cancer susceptibility. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beyond initial speculations, screening of LFS and LFL patients has revealed no or very rare individual missense variants in the CHEK2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The evidence from these studies has suggests that CHEK2 is not a predisposition gene to Li-Fraumeni syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies show that a CHEK2 1100delC corresponds to a two-fold increased risk of breast cancer and a 10-fold increased risk of breast cancer in males. (wikipedia.org)
  • Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), a cell cycle checkpoint regulator gene, codes for a kinase protein activated in response to radiation and other agents that cause breaks in the DNA. (termedia.pl)
  • CHEK2 is not only a breast cancer susceptibility gene but also a multi-organ cancer susceptibility gene [15]. (termedia.pl)
  • Genetic aberrations in TP53 and in ATM and CHEK2 predispose to cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 53BP1 is involved in the phosphorylation of various ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) substrates such as cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) [ 3 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genes TP53 and CHEK2 are also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • For example, a major regulator of metabolism is phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). (hindawi.com)
  • Amid these kinases, Src acted being a critical regulator to hyperlink nAChR signaling to EGFR and ERK1 two. (casr-signal.com)
  • p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • These genetic alterations result in either activation or inactivation of specific gene functions that contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. (bmj.com)
  • Differential changes in expression of these genes may yield biomarkers that provide insight into inter-individual variation in malathion toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Next, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were used to further explore the biomarkers with the most interactions in gene modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • identified five genes as prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer, and Qiu et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparing pan-Aurora kinase and Aurora-A targeting hints towards a strong and clinically relevant biological effect mediated via Aurora kinase B. Taken together, our findings characterize a new poor risk group in SCCHN patients defined by elevated EGFR and Aurora-A protein expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • In our latest investigation, we demonstrated that EGFR was activated and subsequently internalized in breast cancer cells in response to nico tine remedy, accompanied from the cascade of your phos phorylation of many intracellular effector kinases. (casr-signal.com)
  • Using in vitro and xenograft assays, it had been also reported that the ranges of Src and EGFR in colon cancer cells have been substantially enhanced following nicotine publicity. (casr-signal.com)
  • Our experi ments showed that Src functions being a essential downstream effector of nAChR and links nicotine signals to EGFR and ERK1 two to advertise transient cell growth pursuits. (casr-signal.com)
  • This is the first demonstration of nicotine induced sensitization of EGFR in benign and malignant breast cancer cells. (casr-signal.com)
  • In this course of action, EGFR seems like a charge limiting issue and ERK1 2 functions as an executor on the cell development program. (casr-signal.com)
  • Anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) and PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint therapies (ICTs) provided durable responses only in a subset of cancer patients. (tempus.com)
  • Recent advances in understanding of the mechanisms involved in DNA damage signaling and repair have opened up a new avenue in treatment of breast cancer, i.e. (termedia.pl)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • We are investigating the fundamental mechanisms utilized by these gammaherpesviruses to induce cell mediated growth transformation. (pennmedicine.org)
  • Our laboratory is involved in the elucidation of the mechanisms by which KSHV persists and establishes persistent infection in the associated human cancers. (pennmedicine.org)
  • We have generated paclitaxel resistant ovarian cell lines from their corresponding native cell lines to determine driver mechanisms of drug resistance using gene expression arrays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These pre-clinical models were used to observe cytotoxicity, cell cycle modulation and changes in gene expression to examine the mechanisms driving drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For chemotherapy drugs, one of the best characterized resistance mechanisms is overexpression of MDR1 , a cell membrane transporter that causes efflux of certain drugs (eg, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, anthracyclines). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore, we selected 53BP1 as an attractive candidate gene for breast cancer susceptibility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer and about 50% of all PCa patients received radiotherapy (RT), despite some of them develop radioresistance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Among the various types of cancer with increasing prevalence nowadays, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common in male and the fifth leading cause of death in men. (frontiersin.org)
  • developed a gene signature indicative of high AR activity to predict patient response to BAT, including a decline in both serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and tumor volume. (bvsalud.org)
  • Men with advanced prostate cancer are treated by androgen deprivation therapy but the disease recurs as incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), requiring new treatment options. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prostate Cancer. (powershow.com)
  • We have generated model systems to explore drug resistance in ovarian cancer, which have revealed a key pathway related to the spindle assembly checkpoint underlying paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three distinct cell types are recognized in uveal melanomas: spindle A, spindle B, and epithelioid. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer Biology: targeting therapy to maximize benefit and minimize side effects - What are VEGF, erbb2 and BCR-ABL? (powershow.com)
  • Feasibility of biology-guided radiotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma driven by PSMA PET imaging. (urotoday.com)
  • A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)
  • Here, we report the association of Polo-like kinase (PLK) 3 expression and Caspase 8 T273 phosphorylation levels with survival among patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) treated with CRT plus BT. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Methods: We identified 74 patients with FIGO Stage Ib to IVb cervix squamous cell carcinoma. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • The manifestation of MMP28 can be increased in dental squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in comparison to premalignant lesions [11]. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide in 2020 [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Colorectal cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death globally, with 694,000 mortalities in 2012. (jcpjournal.org)
  • 1 Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common in women, representing almost 10% of the global cancer incidence. (jcpjournal.org)
  • These effects of honey have been thoroughly investigated in certain cancers such as breast, liver and colorectal cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
  • J-H Lee et al extensively investigated the participation of PIG3 in DNA damage checkpoints after UV irradiation or after treatment using the radiomimetic drug neocarzinostatin (NCS) ( 8 ). (ijbs.com)
  • The ATR kinase communicates DNA damage to the cell and activates DNA damage checkpoints, which arrest the cell cycle to provide time for repairs. (yale.edu)
  • The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The expression level of NEK6 in esophagitis tissue is similar to that in esophageal adenocarcinoma, and overexpression of the NEK6 gene increases in proportion to the severity of esophagitis [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • For instance overexpression of MMP28 in lung adenocarcinoma cells induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal changeover (EMT) via activation of latent TGFβ [14 15 MMP28-induced EMT can be associated with lack of E-cadherin a significant mediator of cell-cell adhesion in addition to increased manifestation of MMP-9 (gelatinase B) and MMP-14 (MT1-MMP). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Human ovarian cancer cell lines TOV21G (representing clear cell ovarian carcinoma) and TOV112D (representing endometrioid adenocarcinoma) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). The human ovarian epithelial-serous cell line COV504 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). (biomedcentral.com)
  • AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the polymorphism and prevalence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of APC tumor suppressor gene in mataplasia, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. (who.int)
  • A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which makes up only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
  • Baseline and Dynamic Changes in Hemoglobin Levels Predict Treatment Response and Prognosis in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. (urotoday.com)
  • B7-H3 expression is associated with high PD-L1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and predicts poor prognosis. (urotoday.com)
  • A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which comprises only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
  • Epithelioid cells are associated with more aggressive behavior and carry a poorer prognosis for the patient's survival. (medscape.com)
  • To date, inheritance of a mutant BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene is the best-established indicator of an increased risk of developing breast cancer. (jci.org)
  • In this study we developed a functional assay using mouse ES cells to study variants of BRCA1. (jci.org)
  • We introduced BAC clones with human wild-type BRCA1 or variants into Brca1-null ES cells and confirmed that only wild-type and a known neutral variant rescued cell lethality. (jci.org)
  • Importantly, we discovered that ES cells rescued by S1497A BRCA1 exhibited significant hypersensitivity after γ-irradiation. (jci.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that this ES cell-based assay is a powerful and reliable method for analyzing the functional impact of BRCA1 variants, which we believe could be used to determine which patients may require preventative treatments. (jci.org)
  • A recurring problem in the clinic is that many detectable changes within the BRCA1 gene produce subtle alterations to the protein that are not easily recognized as either harmful (loss-of-function) alleles or harmless and thus inconsequential polymorphisms. (jci.org)
  • In this issue of the JCI , Chang, Sharan, and colleagues describe a novel system to evaluate human BRCA1 alleles for in vivo function using BACs containing human BRCA1 vectors in mouse cells and embryos (see the related article beginning on page 3160). (jci.org)
  • Most cases of breast cancer do not 'run in families', but the well-known genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 can increase the risk of developing breast cancer (and also ovarian cancer). (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Most women have a 12% chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime, and women with mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes may have as much as an 80% chance, and they are more likely to develop it at an early age. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Stabilization of p53 by CHK2 leads to cell cycle arrest in phase G1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Normally, structural damage of DNA by endogenous and environmental agents is followed by replication checkpoint arrest at the G2/M transition in order to allow for repair before proceeding in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whereas damage signals of cells activate p53 via CHK2 to repair damaged DNA, leading to cell cycle arrest. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Differential Prognostic Value of Extrarenal Involvement in Patients With Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer. (urotoday.com)
  • Patient-reported outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma trials using combinations versus sunitinib as first-line treatment. (urotoday.com)
  • The Association Between Cytoreductive Nephrectomy and Overall Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Primary Tumor Size ≤4 cm. (urotoday.com)
  • One patient who had 50-gene panel only also had his metastatic site (esophagus) of his tumor tested with FoundationOne. (cancerindex.org)
  • Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen for the most potent gene modules associated with the metastatic risk of breast cancer, and a total of 12 modules were identified based on the analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its metastatic potential depends on the phenotype of the tumor cells, and it frequently disseminates before diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • These phytochemicals have been tried against cancer viability at both in vitro and in vivo levels. (researchsquare.com)
  • Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes during in vitro Epstein-Barr virus infection. (pennmedicine.org)
  • Once activated, CHK2 phosphorylates downstream targets including CDC25 phosphatases, responsible for dephosphorylating and activating the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (wikipedia.org)
  • The transforming gene products of these viruses, such as the E1A oncoproteins of adenovirus 5, led to the identification of cellular factor p60, known as cyclin A. This research was the first demonstration of a physical link between cellular transformation and the cell cycle, thereby paving the way for the melding of these two areas of research. (newswise.com)
  • 8 , 9 Cell cycle program is regulated by cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Cell division is a simple cycle from the earliest starting point of life in the universe. (researchsquare.com)
  • In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • He has published over 600 papers on gene therapy, cell cycle, genetics of cancer, and epidemiology. (newswise.com)
  • hRad9 is a cell cycle checkpoint gene that is up-regulated in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antimetabolites such as fluorouracil and methotrexate are cell cycle-specific and have a nonlinear dose-response relationship. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Continuous infusion may increase cell kill with some cell cycle-specific drugs (eg, fluorouracil). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, the prognostic value and differential expression of these genes were validated based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) Plotter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The loss of normal CHK2 protein function leads to unregulated cell division, accumulated damage to DNA and in many cases, tumor development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Malignant tumours are cancerous growths and because their cell division is not subject to normal control they may grow quite fast and can sometimes spread to other parts of the body. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Calebin-A induced death of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells by activation of histone acetyltransferase. (cancerindex.org)
  • A novel human anti-AXL monoclonal antibody attenuates tumour cell migration. (cancerindex.org)
  • Highest ranked abstract, 5th European Breast Cancer conference, Nice, France, 2006Nominated for RCPath's Gold and Specialty Medial Awards 2009. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The NR superfamily comprises 48 transcription factors in humans that control a plethora of gene network programs involved in a wide range of physiologic processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) drive gene expression programs that shape specific phenotypes [ 3 ], and are frequently dysregulated in cancer [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • The activated version of this acts as a transcription factor regulating various gene expression events involved in the development of breast tissue in puberty and pregnancy. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • 2) How does chromatin modification at sites of DNA damage regulate DNA repair and transcription? (mdanderson.org)
  • Patients with advanced urothelial cancer currently have limited treatment options and there is a high unmet medical need, especially for targeted therapies in this common type of cancer. (swissbiotech.org)
  • The number of approved cancer therapies is increasing rapidly. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Based on Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2020, more than 1.4 million new cases of PCa and 375,304 associated deaths were recorded ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • [ 1 ] Identifying candidate precursors or enabling genes may pave the way for cancer screening, as with the ret proto-oncogene and medullary thyroid carcinoma . (medscape.com)
  • Genetic ablation of diabetes-associated gene Ccdc92 reduces obesity and insulin resistance in mice. (uc.edu)
  • Our findings revealed that different genetic backgrounds of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines resulted in divergent responses to the combination treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Studies carried out over the past three decades suggest that glioblastomas, like other cancers, arise secondary to the accumulation of genetic alterations. (bmj.com)
  • As families share a common genetic background, it is easier to find new Parkinson's genes by studying the genetic makeup of people with Parkinson's alongside other members of their families. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Genetic variants and effect modifiers of QT interval prolongation in patients with sickle cell disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Strategies Cell lines and cell tradition Human gastric tumor cell lines PAMC82 [16] N87[17] BGC823 SNU16 SNU5 SGC7901 MGC803 AGS and MKN45 had been taken care of in RPMI 1640 (HyClone Logan UT USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen Carlsbad CA USA). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Results It was demonstrated that CDX-LIPO remarkably triggered tumor cell autophagy and induced immunogenic cell death, and meanwhile, activated the tumor-infiltrating macrophage and dendritic cells, and primed T and NK (natural killer) cells, resulting in antitumor immunity and tumor regression. (bmj.com)
  • The estimated fraction of breast cancer attributed to this variant is reported to be around 1.2% in the US. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have therefore examined the effects of 53BP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (D353E, G412S, and K1136Q) and the novel 53BP1 6bp deletion (1347_1352delTATCCC) on breast cancer risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Allelic discrimination was performed to investigate the frequencies of 53BP1 D353E, G412S, and K1136Q and of 1347_1352delTATCCC in 353 patients with breast cancer and 960 control individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No significant association of 53BP1 D353E, G412S, or K1136Q with breast cancer risk was detected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 53BP1 1347_1352delTATCCC, leading to the loss of an isoleucine and a proline residue, showed a nonsignificant inverse association with breast cancer risk (odds ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.22 to 1.68, P = 0.34). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lack of association casts doubt on the putative effects of D353E, G412S, and K1136Q on breast cancer risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C) on breast cancer risk, analysing 353 German patients with breast cancer and 960 controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 53BP1 D353E, G412S, and K1136Q showed no association with breast cancer risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we detected a novel, very rare 53BP1 6bp deletion (1347_1352delTATCCC) showing an inverse association with breast cancer risk (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22 to 1.68), lacking significance ( P = 0.34). (biomedcentral.com)
  • All validated variants were chosen for further analyses using a large cohort of breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • E) single cases of breast cancer diagnosed before the age of 35 (4.6%) [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, mostly women over age 50 who have been through the menopause. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • The NHS recommends that women who are 50 to 70 years of age should be tested for breast cancer every 3 years as part of their Breast Screening Programme. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Immunoblotting with and without dephosphorylation was used to define the protein isolated from breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increased hRad9 protein was observed in breast cancer cells nucleus compared to non-tumor epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distinct microbiological signatures associated with triple negative breast cancer. (pennmedicine.org)
  • I am the General Secretary of the International Society of Breast Pathology, Breast Specialty Editor of Histopathology, a member of the National Coordinating Committee of Breast Pathology (BIG18), National Institute of Cancer Research (NICR) Breast Clinical Studies Group (CSG) and its Breast Translational Subgroup, Breast Cancer Screening Programme Research Advisory Committee, the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland Management Committee, and the international Breast Pathology Group. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • I served as a member of Breast Cancer Campaign Scientific Advisory Board and I am a member of the Breast Cancer Now Tissue Access Committee. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Breast cancer is one of the most common endocrine cancers among females worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the mRNA expression levels of these five hub genes showed excellent diagnostic value for breast cancer and adjacent tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Breast cancer is one of the most common tumours threatening women's health worldwide, and its incidence has shown a rising trend in the past decades. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The patients in our study were diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer in Singapore General Hospital from 2003 to 2015. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women [ 1 ] and represents a serious global health concern. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Breast cancer can be classified as either non-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although some previous breast cancer studies incorporate Asian women, large-scale, in-depth, and specific collagen structural data from non-Caucasian women, especially those with TNBC, are lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The PD-L1/PD-1 treatment is promising, while the overall response rate is not ideal including breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mesenchymal cells, immune cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, lymphatics, and vasculature are all present in breast cancer stroma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In breast cancer patients, it is unclear whether measuring p53, mdm-2, or p21 expression provides information on how patients will respond to chemotherapy. (lu.se)
  • Additionally, the deletion in the kinase domain on exon 10 has been found rare among LFS/LFL patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most notably, the deletion of a single DNA nucleotide at position 1100 in exon 10 (1100delC) produces a nonfunctional version of the CHK2 protein, truncated at the kinase domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • A 133 bp fragment, spanning exon 11 of the APC gene was amplified, and Rsal digestion of the PCR product defined the alleles as either homozygous 133 bp (Rsa(-/-)) or 87 and 46 bp (Rsa(+/+)) fragments, and heterozygous (Rsa(+/-)) exhibiting the three fragments. (who.int)
  • Cells were exposed to an incremental dose escalation of paclitaxel (2 nM) for approximately 2 passages, up to a final concentration of 25 nM, once paclitaxel resistance was achieved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Resistance to cancer drugs is common. (msdmanuals.com)