• When linked to a vesicle membrane protein, pHluorins were sorted to secretory and synaptic vesicles and reported transmission at individual synaptic boutons, as well as secretion and fusion pore 'flicker' of single secretory granules. (nih.gov)
  • However, the tumor cells contained small secretory granules (up to 250 nm) accumulated along the cell membrane characteristic of thyrotrope cells. (nih.gov)
  • The axonemal microtubules run along the entire length of the cell and emerge from the posterior end forming a tuft of three or more free flagella, The rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi complex are involved in the production of secretory granules, some of which are later released by exocytosis. (applesnail.net)
  • The CHS gene affects the synthesis and/or maintenance of storage/secretory granules in various types of cells. (medscape.com)
  • Inset-Higher-magnification image of neoplastic myelocytes with abundant cytoplasm filled with eosinophilic granules. (avma.org)
  • The tumor cells were arranged in focal acinar or follicular pattern with a round-to-oval nucleus, moderate anisonucleosis, fine nuclear chromatin, and moderate-to-abundant fragile cytoplasm with the focal presence of fine granules. (cytojournal.com)
  • space with the cytoplasm of a cell containing various substances. (infovisual.info)
  • There were foci of eosinophilia, stellate cytoplasm, and occasional gemistocytic morphology, and many cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). (ajnr.org)
  • Paraspermatogonia are characterized by voluminous nuclei with irregular clusters of heterochromatin, numerous dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and small electron-dense granules spread through the cytoplasm. (applesnail.net)
  • The CHS protein is expressed in the cytoplasm of cells of a variety of tissues and may represent an abnormality of organellar protein trafficking. (medscape.com)
  • These large cells appear, under hematoxylin and eosin staining, to have pale abundant cytoplasm and pale nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin. (medscape.com)
  • The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). (enchantedlearning.com)
  • Neutrophils are a type of innate immune cell that contains distinctive cytoplasmic granules and a nucleus that is divided into three segments. (nature.com)
  • Eosinophil - These cells have a bi-lobed nucleus and prominent red-staining cytoplasmic granules containing enzymes. (pearson.com)
  • Monocyte - These large cells have a U-shaped nucleus and no prominent granules. (pearson.com)
  • Neutrophil - These cells have a multi-lobed nucleus and pale-staining granules. (pearson.com)
  • Lymphocyte - These cells have a rounded nucleus, no prominent granules, and are smaller than monocytes. (pearson.com)
  • c) High power showing round-to-oval nucleus with moderate anisonucleosis and bizarre cell (MGG, ×400). (cytojournal.com)
  • To investigate whether tenascin-C and tenascin-R may play important functional roles in the lesioned central nervous system, we have analysed their expression in the olivocerebellar system of the adult rat after 3-acetylpyridine-induced degeneration of nerve cells in the inferior olivary nucleus. (researchgate.net)
  • After a lesion, the density of cells containing tenascin-R transcripts increased significantly in the inferior olivary nucleus and in the white matter of the cerebellar cortex. (researchgate.net)
  • a colouring substance in the nucleus of the cell. (infovisual.info)
  • small spherical body with the cell nucleus. (infovisual.info)
  • instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
  • First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • On microscopic examination, the smears were cellular and showed many loose cohesive clusters and dispersed tumor cells in a background of abundant reactive lymphoid cells and hemorrhage [Figure 1a and b ]. (cytojournal.com)
  • Few bizarre and binucleated tumor cells were also noted [Figure 1c and d ]. (cytojournal.com)
  • Summary: Astrocytoma, or pituicytoma, of the posterior pituitary is a relatively rare entity consisting of poorly characterized glial tumor cells. (ajnr.org)
  • LCH, once described as histiocytosis X, is a clonal proliferative disorder of Langerhans cells that stain immunohistochemically with S-100 and CD-1a and demonstrate cytoplasmic Birbeck granules under electron microscopy. (medscape.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytoses are all defined by the presence of a unique ultrastructural organelle, the Birbeck granule. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Mast cells are cells that reside in the connective tissue and contain a large number of granules, rich in histamine, heparin, chymase, serotonin, and also cytokines. (bvsalud.org)
  • FUS undergoes liquid- liquid phase transition in vitro , allowing for its participation in stress granules and RNA transport granules. (uky.edu)
  • P-bodies and STRESS GRANULES both sequester inactive mRNPs via different pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Perforin is a 70 kD cytolytic protein that is expressed in the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Cytoplasmic granules of cytolytic T-lymphocytes. (lu.se)
  • Three layers were obtained and the pellet from the active bottom layer was sectioned, examined with the electron microscope, and found to contain 200 mµ granules, mitochondria, ergastoplasm, and other cellular debris. (rupress.org)
  • Because of the heterogeneity of this fraction, due to the contamination of the 200 mµ granules with mitochondria and other cellular debris, the active layer and the resuspended active pellet, obtained by centrifuging this layer first at 17,000 g then diluting the supernatant and centrifuging at 30,000 g for 1 hour, were filtered through Millipore HA paper with a pore size of 0.45 µ. (rupress.org)
  • In plant cells, ATP is produced in the cristae of mitochondria and chloroplasts. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • Figure 386 from Chapter 15 (Cytoplasmic Inclusions) of 'The Cell, 2nd Ed.' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. Exocytosis in a mucus-secreting cell from the colon. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • most of the neutrophils in the body are contained in the bone marrow, either as mitotically active (one third) or postmitotic mature cells (two thirds). (medscape.com)
  • A common reference range for the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), which is calculated on the basis of the percentage of neutrophils in the white blood cell count (see the Absolute Neutrophil Count calculator) is 2500-8000/µL. (medscape.com)
  • Here, the authors used mathematical tools combined with high resolution multiplex imaging mass cytometry to show an association between immature neutrophils, CD8 T cells and proliferating alveolar epithelial cells in areas of maximal alveolar damage in COVID-19 lungs. (nature.com)
  • shows that tumour-associated neutrophils in glioblastoma originate from skull bone marrow and acquire an antigen-presenting cell phenotype intratumorally in the presence of local T cells. (nature.com)
  • Lysosomes of leukocytes and fibroblasts, dense bodies of platelets, azurophilic granules of neutrophils, and melanosomes of melanocytes are generally larger in size and irregular in morphology, indicating that a common pathway in the synthesis of organelles responsible for storage is affected in patients with CHS. (medscape.com)
  • The Proteinase-3 (PR-3) antigen is 29 kD protein found in the primary granules of neutrophils and monocytes. (calbiotech.com)
  • Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses because during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes. (proprofs.com)
  • cytoplasmic organelle which contains enzymes. (infovisual.info)
  • Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are autoantibodies against various lysosomal enzymes (2). (calbiotech.com)
  • Figure 388 from Chapter 15 (Cytoplasmic Inclusions) of 'The Cell, 2nd Ed.' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. Mucus-secreting cell from a crypt of rabbit colonic mucosa after stimulation in vitro with acetycholi. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Phase transition also contributes to the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions found in the cell bodies of FUS ALS patients motor neurons. (uky.edu)
  • Additionally, the functional consequence of the accumulation of cytoplasmic FUS inclusions has not been established, nor is it understood how they contribute to selective motor neuron death. (uky.edu)
  • Immunofluorescent staining of proteins interacting with mutant FUS were localized to cytoplasmic inclusions. (uky.edu)
  • The aim of the present study was to locate mast cells in chronic periapical lesions (granulomas and cysts) by using histochemical techniques and toluidine blue staining. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mast cells were found in 13 (61.9%) of the periapical cyst cases, located in the capsule of the lesion. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the periapical granuloma cases, mast cells were found in eight cases (50%), located in the granulation tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mast cells were detected in both cysts and periapical granuloma, located in the capsule and granulation tissue, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mast cells were more prevalent in periapical cysts than in periapical granuloma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mast cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The exact mechanism associated with this growth and expansion remains unclear, although it is known that several types of cells, including mast cells, do play a role in such phenomena 4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 2 ] Related articles include Eosinophilic Granuloma (Histiocytosis X) , Imaging in Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Skeleton , and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Imaging . (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis is established by the presence of characteristic eosinophilic peroxidase-positive giant granules in leukocytes. (medscape.com)
  • About half of the dry mass of a bacterial cell consists of carbon, and also about half of it can be attributed to proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • In prokaryotes, the primary function of the cell wall is to protect the cell from internal turgor pressure caused by the much higher concentrations of proteins, and other molecules inside the cell compared to its external environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • Rough ER transport materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)
  • These hormones help in the selection and development of T-cells that can recognize and respond to foreign antigens, thus contributing to the overall effectiveness of the immune system. (proprofs.com)
  • The primary tasks involved in the analysis of histologically stained tissue sections are cell nuclei counting, detecting abnormal cell nuclei, and the presence of antigens within the target cells. (hindawi.com)
  • All these granulomas showed similar, numerous cytoplasmic granules in epithelioid and giant cells with the properties of residual bodies, i.e. , end products of activated lysosomes. (bmj.com)
  • The first cell population consists of large, polygonal, epithelioid cells, which appear as islands or as forming tubular or alveolarlike structures. (medscape.com)
  • In this image, a neoplastic myelocyte with heterogeneous granules of variable size (maximum dimension, 0.25 to 1.9 μm) is visible. (avma.org)
  • On the basis of these facts, it is understandable that the hypophyseal stalk or posterior pituitary can be a host to all the neoplastic processes that originate from the glial cell series. (ajnr.org)
  • The patient underwent a second TSS, and histology of the specimen revealed neoplastic proliferation of astrocytes and spindle-shaped cells with fascicles. (ajnr.org)
  • Although their derivation was long debated, neoplastic cells characteristically express cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and may produce primary amyloid, leaving little doubt as to their lymphoplasmacytic origin. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Typical examples include: coccus (circle or spherical) bacillus (rod-like) coccobacillus (between a sphere and a rod) spiral (corkscrew-like) filamentous (elongated) Cell shape is generally characteristic of a given bacterial species, but can vary depending on growth conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of residual bodies demonstrates the following features the morphological similarity of the granulomas studied, and the phagocytic nature of the affected cells. (bmj.com)
  • Kinetics of fusion of the cytoplasmic granules with phagocytic vacuoles in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Color change is regulated by chromatophores in the skin that contain cytoplasmic pigment granules. (kingsnake.com)
  • These cells often contain the melanin pigment that gives the MNTI its blue-black clinical appearance. (medscape.com)
  • However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • [ 7 ] In the early stages of neutrophil maturation, normal azurophil granules fuse to form megagranules, whereas, in the later stage (ie, during myelocyte stage), normal granules are formed. (medscape.com)
  • At low surface area-to-volume ratios the diffusion of nutrients and waste products across the bacterial cell membrane limits the rate at which microbial metabolism can occur, making the cell less evolutionarily fit. (wikipedia.org)
  • Comparison of a typical bacterial cell and a typical human cell (assuming both cells are spheres) : The cell envelope is composed of the cell membrane and the cell wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan which is located immediately outside of the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival, but is absent in some eukaryotes, several antibiotics (notably the penicillins and cephalosporins) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis, while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall, only a cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • Part of the chloroplasts in plant cells, located within the inner membrane of chloroplasts, between the grana. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • 30 nm in diameter, establish direct membrane-to-membrane contact with endothelial cells in specialized areas of irregular endothelial basement membrane and enriched with vesicular activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • The glands were homogenized in an 0.25 M sucrose + 7.3 per cent polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution and fractionated by differential centrifugation to give a heterogeneous small granule fraction which contained almost all the gonadotropic hormone activity. (rupress.org)
  • Their granules contain chemicals that mediate inflammation, including the potent inflammatory mediator, histamine. (pearson.com)
  • This effect is due to the depth and density of the pigmented cells (or melanin granule dispersion) and the physical properties of light absorption and reflection described by the Tyndall light phenomenon or effect. (medscape.com)
  • The enzyme lysozyme, found in human tears, also digests the cell wall of bacteria and is the body's main defense against eye infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Half a century ago, Christian de Duve coined the term "autophagy" (literally, "self-eating" in Greek) to describe a process where the cell digests its cytoplasmic materials within lysosomes 1 . (nature.com)
  • Electron microscopy demonstrated a poorly differentiated mesenchymal tumor with a multifocal giant cell component and evidence of neurosecretory-granules. (hindawi.com)
  • The granules are spherical with moderate to high electron density. (avma.org)
  • Electron microscopy revealed an undifferentiated, monomorphous adenoma with morphological features of an acidophil stem cell adenoma such as the presence of misplaced exocytoses, fibrous bodies and mitochondrial gigantism. (nih.gov)
  • Scanning electron micrograph of rat colon mucosa goblet cells. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • granule of chlorophyll, which is needed for photosynthesis. (infovisual.info)
  • There are two main types of bacterial cell walls, those of gram-positive bacteria and those of gram-negative bacteria, which are differentiated by their Gram staining characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characteristics of the cells may not be sufficient in many instances to yield a definitive diagnosis or indicate the probable behavior of the lesion. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • OBJECTIVES: To describe the morphologic characteristics of skin lesions, extent of extracutaneous disease, and outcomes in patients with neonatal presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and to examine clinical predictors of disease prognosis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • For the motility characteristics study, cauda epididymal spermatozoa were diluted 300-fold in modified KRB + 2% cauda epididymal fluid (approximately 1 × 10 7 cell/ml). (go.jp)
  • Five different types of pituicytes have been identified on the basis of their cytoplasmic characteristics ( 1 ), and attempts are presently underway to characterize and classify each type as a progenitor of a separate type of neurologic tumor. (ajnr.org)
  • A polymorphic immune cell (red) glides over two spherical V12Ras-transformed mucus-secreting cells (green, possible tumor precursors) in a live three day old zebrafish embryo. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • While some techniques only perform the task of cell nuclei segmentation and quantification, techniques that are capable of further detecting and classifying abnormal tumors (cell nuclei) that cause various types of cancer have also been proposed. (hindawi.com)
  • reticulum cell sarcomas, cutaneous nodular amyloidosis) are relatively common cutaneous tumors. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Here, the authors untangle the regulatory mechanisms driving this pathway and show that active repair processes make these pores transient, which can prevent the usual lytic cell death. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, some adenoma cells were fusiform with long cytoplasmic processes resembling thyrotropes. (nih.gov)
  • Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis has been described as a benign form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) that appears during the first 2-3 months of life and then resolves over a period of several months. (medscape.com)
  • A 2-month-old Japanese boy was diagnosed with "skin only Langerhans cell histiocytosis" after developing typical skin lesions positive for CD1a with a negative systemic workup. (medscape.com)
  • Articles on related topics include Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis . (medscape.com)
  • Currently, the preferred term is Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting in the neonatal period: a retrospective case series. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Epidemiologic study of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: The etiology and pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) remain poorly understood. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • It produces hormones that play a crucial role in the maturation of T-cells, which are a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses. (proprofs.com)
  • for example, the quantification of total cells and abnormal cells was performed through manual hand counting. (hindawi.com)
  • Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)
  • CHS was first described over 60 years ago by Beguez-Cesar (1943) in three siblings bearing the main clinical features of neutropenia and abnormal granules in leukocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Presence of immature or parabasal epithelial cells (the cells most typically seen on a vaginal smear). (dermnetnz.org)
  • In the cerebellar cortex, tenascin-C mRNA in Golgi epithelial cells was down-regulated 3 days after the lesion and returned to control values 80 days after the lesion. (researchgate.net)
  • The active supernatant containing this small granule fraction was separated into layers by isopycnic gradient centrifugation on a continuous 6 to 45 per cent sucrose + 17.5 per cent "diodrast" + 5 x 10 -4 M "versene" gradient at 100,000 g for 2 hours. (rupress.org)
  • These active pellets consisted almost entirely of 200 mµ granules with a minimum amount of contamination, and they contained the major portion of the gonadotropic hormone activity with practically none remaining in the supernatant fraction. (rupress.org)
  • Cultures of the second patient developed multinucleated and vacuolated cells and these changes reappeared after passage with supernatant of the original culture. (karger.com)
  • Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. (cellsignal.com)
  • Efforts at using NK cells as antitumor agents began over two decades ago, but recent advances in elucidating NK cell biology have accelerated the development of NK cell-targeting therapeutics. (frontiersin.org)
  • Image made available by James D. Jamieson and the Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Bacteria generally form distinctive cell morphologies when examined by light microscopy and distinct colony morphologies when grown on Petri plates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells of the immune system originate in the bone marrow. (pearson.com)
  • The remnant chromatin condenses to form dense bodies which are finally excreted from the cells. (applesnail.net)
  • They are the most abundant immune cell type in the blood. (nature.com)
  • Perforin is one of the major effector molecules used by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells to mediate targeted cell lysis. (biolegend.com)
  • Although the significance of vacuolated and multinucleated cells in these cultures is at present not clear, such changes are suggestive of the presence of a cytopathic agent. (karger.com)
  • In the presence of calcium, perforin polymerizes into transmembrane tubules and is capable of lysing non-specifically a variety of target cells. (lu.se)
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders unified by the presence of distinct mutations of hematopoietic stem cells, most frequently in genes involved in RNA splicing. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The defining functional feature of NK cells remains their intrinsic ability to conduct "natural killing" of cellular targets without prior sensitization. (frontiersin.org)
  • Accurate results of cell nuclei segmentation are often adapted to a variety of applications such as the detection of cancerous cell nuclei and the observation of overlapping cellular events occurring during wound healing process in the human body. (hindawi.com)
  • Of the nine samples of small cell carcinoma, categorized as atypical, suspicious for carcinoma, three (33%) were categorized as suspicious for small cell carcinoma, while the others were not further classified, due to limitations of cellular preservation. (cytojournal.com)
  • The cellular composition of the neurohypophysis is that of specialized glial cells (pituicytes) together with their axons. (ajnr.org)
  • This mass was resected via a transspenoidal approach, and histology revealed a moderately cellular astrocytomas with compact fibrillated cells in a fascicular pattern. (ajnr.org)
  • Both molecules support neurite outgrowth from several neuronal cell types when presented as uniform substrates. (researchgate.net)
  • Instead, it is a site where axons project from neuronal cell bodies in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. (medscape.com)
  • In the early phases of cancer immune surveillance, NK cells directly identify and lyse cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this topic, we will review the cells, tissues, and organs that make up the immune system. (pearson.com)
  • Your goals for learning are: To list the cells of the immune system and describe their major functions. (pearson.com)
  • The immune system has two major anatomical parts: The first consists of specialized immune cells, many of which are leukocytes, also known as white blood cells or their close relatives. (pearson.com)
  • Let's examine the cells of the immune system more closely. (pearson.com)
  • Immune cells that travel in the blood are called leukocytes. (pearson.com)
  • We will now study functions of immune cells. (pearson.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and small cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder are rare and account for less than 5, 2, and 0.5% of all bladder carcinomas, respectively. (cytojournal.com)
  • Between the period of 1983 and 2009, there were a total of 25 cases of small cell carcinoma, 20 of squamous carcinoma, and 10 of adenocarcinoma, wherein prediagnosis urine cytology was available. (cytojournal.com)
  • There were eight cases (12 samples) of small cell carcinoma, four cases (6 samples) of squamous cell carcinoma and four cases (5 samples) of adenocarcinoma. (cytojournal.com)
  • None of the samples of small cell carcinoma had a false negative diagnosis on cytology, while only one case of squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed as negative. (cytojournal.com)
  • They are also able to secrete additional mediators, which are not performed by their granules such as interleukins (IL) 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. (cellsignal.com)
  • check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • In neural systems, information is often carried by ensembles of cells rather than by individual units. (nih.gov)
  • Blood vessels (BVs) are considered an integral component of neural stem cells (NSCs) niches. (elifesciences.org)
  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) serve as a source for new neurons in both the developing and adult brain. (elifesciences.org)
  • Stained endocrine cell nuclei are segmented by a sequential thresholding algorithm that uses a Support Vector Machine (SVM) type of artificial neural network [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Tenascin-R mRNA was expressed by distinct neural cell types in the unlesioned olivocerebellar system. (researchgate.net)
  • Nascent transformed cells elicit NK cell activation and are eliminated. (frontiersin.org)
  • This phosphorylation process leads to a cascade of reactions within the cell, activating various signaling pathways and triggering multiple responses. (proprofs.com)
  • We found that NMD is hyperactivated in cells expressing mutant FUS, likely due to chronic suppression of protein translation shifting the pathways autoregulatory circuit to allow for hyperactivation. (uky.edu)
  • The segmentation and quantification of cell nuclei are two very significant tasks in the analysis of histological images. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, an automated entropy-based thresholding system for segmentation and quantification of cell nuclei from histologically stained images has been presented. (hindawi.com)
  • The effectiveness of the proposed system was tested over 21 histologically stained images containing approximately 1800 cell nuclei, and the overall performance of the algorithm was found to be promising, with high accuracy and precision values. (hindawi.com)
  • However, as the result of recent advancements in microscopic imaging technology and computational image processing techniques [ 1 ], there has been significant growth of research towards translational computational systems that can detect, analyze, classify, and quantify cell nuclei from microscopic images. (hindawi.com)
  • Adapting to robust automated image processing techniques for primary tasks such as cell nuclei segmentation and quantification will not only prove to be time efficient for pathologists, but these techniques will also be capable of producing consistent results. (hindawi.com)
  • In recent years, numerous image processing techniques have been proposed for cell nuclei segmentation [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A cell nuclei segmentation algorithm incorporating unsupervised color clustering, morphological operations, and local thresholding has been proposed to distinguish the cancerous and noncancerous areas in histologically stained images and then segment the clustered cell nuclei [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • K-means clustering is implemented as unsupervised color clustering technique for cell nuclei segmentation in [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Entropic-based thresholding methods for cell nuclei segmentation are proposed by Wang and Gudla et al. (hindawi.com)
  • A popular technique in the realm of image processing known as region growing is combined with a graph-cuts-based algorithm that incorporates Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filtering to detect cell nuclei [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • An adaptive-attention-window-(AAW-) based cell nuclei segmentation technique that exploits quadtree decomposition is proposed by Ko et al. (hindawi.com)
  • Leukocytes have traditionally been classified according to their shape and the colors of their granules, if any, when stained with histological dyes. (pearson.com)
  • This undifferentiated, monomorphous GH/TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma represents an entity that is unusual both in its ultrastructural features and clinical manifestations suggesting a cytogenesis from an early, undifferentiated stem cell. (nih.gov)
  • All affected individuals, including adolescents and adults with atypical CHS and children with classic CHS who have successfully undergone allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), develop neurologic findings during early adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • Risk increases with age due to the acquisition of somatic mutations that can promote clonal expansion and dominance of a particular hematopoietic stem cell, and possibly due to exposure to environmental toxins such as benzene, radiation, and chemotherapeutic agents (particularly long or intense regimens and those involving alkylating agents, hydroxyurea , and/or topoisomerase inhibitors). (msdmanuals.com)