• XPO1 (CRM1) originally was identified in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe in a genetic screen, and investigators determined that it was involved in control of the chromosome structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we probe these fundamental questions using peroxisomal compartmentalization of the last steps of lysine and histidine biosynthesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus . (biorxiv.org)
  • The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus provides an attractive stripped-down model for metabolic compartmentalization in peroxisomes. (biorxiv.org)
  • The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery mediates the membrane fission step that completes cytokinetic abscission and separates dividing cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • In the fission yeast S. pombe, the targeting complex, MTREC, consists of a core complex with the zinc-finger protein, Red1 ( Q9UTR8 ), and an RNA-helicase, Mtl1. (eu.org)
  • When the end of the microtubules become close to the cell membrane, they release a chemical signal that punts the dynein to the other side of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein modules such as FVYE domains and PH domains that bind specifically to PtdIns 3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P) and polyphosphoinositides, respectively, can direct such membrane targeting. (embl.de)
  • In addition, cell surface EGFR levels and recycling to the cell membrane were increased. (ac.ir)
  • Membrane proteins must be threaded co-translocationally into the lipid bilayer to become membrane-integrated, often with complex topologies and typically form hetero- or homo- oligomers. (stanford.edu)
  • As cells migrate and experience forces from their surroundings, they constantly undergo mechanical deformations which reshape their plasma membrane (PM). To maintain homeostasis, cells need to detect and restore such changes, not only in terms of overall PM area and tension as previously described, but also in terms of local, nano-scale topography. (elifesciences.org)
  • Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • Axonemal dynein causes sliding of microtubules in the axonemes of cilia and flagella and is found only in cells that have those structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein positions the spindle at the site of cytokinesis by anchoring to the cell cortex and pulling on astral microtubules emanating from centrosome . (wikipedia.org)
  • Dynein pulls the microtubules and chromosomes to one end of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recruitment of specific cytosolic proteins to intracellular membranes through binding phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) controls such processes as endocytosis, regulated exocytosis, cytoskeletal organization, and cell signaling. (embl.de)
  • Biosynthesis and intracellular targeting of the CLN3 protein defective in Batten disease. (ac.ir)
  • Success will represent an unprecedented level of control over nanoscale motion, building an engineering capacity that will eventually be used to design protein nanoassemblies capable of sophisticated intracellular therapeutic functions such as genome repair. (nih.gov)
  • [1] It also helps transport cargo needed for cell function such as vesicles made by the endoplasmic reticulum , endosomes , and lysosomes (Karp, 2005). (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, how can cells control the diverse patterns of glycosylation of various secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in an orderly manner with high accuracy? (go.jp)
  • N-SLIT2 amplifies reactive oxygen species production in response to the bacteria by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that in turn phosphorylates NCF1, an essential subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae is a well-known expression host used to express homologous and heterologous proteins in a number of industrial applications. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • [2] [3] Dynein carries organelles, vesicles and possibly microtubule fragments along the axons of neurons toward the cell body in a process called retrograde axonal transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • This highly complex 'protein biogenesis' process is assisted by a diverse network of folding catalysts and protein-modifying enzymes and is scrutinized by molecular chaperones and other 'quality control' factors which ensure that only correctly folded and assembled proteins exit the ER and proceed to distal compartments of the secretory pathway. (stanford.edu)
  • The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is a key regulator of diverse physiological functions such as proliferation, global protein, and lipid synthesis as well as many metabolic pathways interacting to increase secretory capabilities. (go.jp)
  • The vast majority of proteins entering the secretory pathway are synthesized on ribosomes docked at ER translocons and are co-transationally translocated into the ER lumen. (stanford.edu)
  • Our goal is to elucidate the functional networks that coordinate protein synthesis and quality control in the early secretory pathway. (stanford.edu)
  • Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), one of the most frequent forms of the NCL storage diseases, is known to be caused by loss-of-function mutations in ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 3 (CLN3), but its cell function has not been fully elucidated. (ac.ir)
  • Structure-guided point mutations in either CAPN7 MIT domain disrupted IST1 binding in vitro and in cells, and depletion/rescue experiments showed that the CAPN7-IST1 interaction is required for: 1) CAPN7 recruitment to midbodies, 2) efficient abscission, and 3) NoCut checkpoint arrest. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein, found in all animal cells and possibly plant cells as well, performs functions necessary for cell survival such as organelle transport and centrosome assembly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein helps to position the Golgi complex and other organelles in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic RNA granules in germ cells (polar and germinal granules), somatic cells (stress granules and processing bodies), and neurons (neuronal granules) have emerged as important players in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. (rupress.org)
  • Nuclear mRNA transcripts acquire a protein coat composed of cap- and RNA-binding proteins that allow nuclear export and dictate the functional program of cytoplasmic mRNAs ( Moore, 2005 ). (rupress.org)
  • The C-terminal tail of ribosomal protein Rps15 is engaged in cytoplasmic pre-40S maturation. (db-engine.de)
  • knowledge of the mechanisms underlying cell wall biosynthesis in aspergillus spp. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Journal of Cell Biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • These mechanisms drive much of the self-organisation behaviour of eukaryotic cells and understanding them is important both for fundamental science and for the development of improved chemical biology approaches to a range of important medical and agricultural problems. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • In 2010 I moved with a group of younger colleagues to Warwick Medical School to found a new Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology (CMCB), aiming to integrate biophysical and cell biological approaches to the mechanisms of life. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • In research on cell biology, organelles have been a major unit of such analyses. (go.jp)
  • This Copernican Revolution from organelle biology to organelle zone biology will drastically change and advance our thoughts about cells. (go.jp)
  • Registration is open for our 2024 Journal Meeting Diversity and Evolution in Cell Biology, which aims to bring together evolutionary biologists and cell biologists investigating diverse aspects of cellular physiology. (biologists.com)
  • Our Editor-in-Chief welcomes three new Editors - Megan King, Renata Basto and Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke - who will continue to ensure JCS publishes cutting edge cell biology that the community wants to read. (biologists.com)
  • It forms a stable complex with CBC through its C-terminal disordered tail and interacts with RNA, proteins and multi-subunit complexes. (eu.org)
  • To selectively target RNAs to the nuclease machinery, eukaryotic cells have multi-subunit targeting complexes that direct specific classes of RNAs to the exosome for degradation. (eu.org)
  • Dynein transports various cellular cargos , provides forces and displacements important in mitosis , and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella . (wikipedia.org)
  • While a postdoctoral student at MIT, Tomomi Kiyomitsu discovered how dynein has a role as a motor protein in aligning the chromosomes in the middle of the cell during the metaphase of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • It does this repeatedly so the chromosomes end up in the center of the cell, which is necessary in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins of diverse protein families harbour such a motif often in two or three adjacent copies ( Foucher,2022 ), enabling mutually exclusive binding of different RNA decay/processing/splicing factors to the CBC-ARS2 complex ( Schulze,2018 ). (eu.org)
  • comprehensive genomic analysis of cell wall genes in aspergillus nidulans. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the cell wall of aspergillus nidulans is composed of galactomannoproteins, 1,3-alpha-glucan, beta-glucans, and chitin. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • functional characterization of nat/ncs2 proteins of aspergillus brasiliensis reveals a genuine xanthine-uric acid transporter and an intrinsically misfolded polypeptide. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Cell surface biotinylation after EGF (2 ng/mL) stimulation, EGF phosphorylation (Tyr-845), retromer and cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) levels and stability, EGF degradation pathways and cathepsin L and D levels were analysed by western blots. (ac.ir)
  • Whereas caveolae-mediated endocytosis was not affected in CLN3 cells, clathrin-mediated epidermal growth factor (EGF) internalization was reduced, along with EGF receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation. (ac.ir)
  • Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1), is a eukaryotic protein that mediates the nuclear export of various proteins and RNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • To ensure cell integrity, there are several RNA surveillance, processing and degradation mechanisms that remove specific and aberrant RNAs. (eu.org)
  • The selection of RNAs is determined by binding of protein sub-modules to the MTREC core complex. (eu.org)
  • Proteins synthesized at the ER are subject to covalent modifications that include N- and O-glycosylation, disulfide bond formation, and in some cases, proline and lysine hydroxylation. (stanford.edu)
  • The structural details of the interaction of XPO1 with its cargos were revealed two decades after the gene was identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • Different classes of RNA granules share some protein components and may use similar mechanisms to regulate mRNA translation/decay. (rupress.org)
  • A next step in studying the complex interaction between host and microbe is to "directly" define the molecular factors that govern biological function (i.e. proteins, metabolites, posttranslational modifications) and delineate their associated mechanisms of action. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • Recombinant glycoproteins produced in mammalian cells are clinically indispensable drugs used to treat a broad spectrum of diseases. (go.jp)
  • Mediates importin-alpha re-export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after import substrates (cargos) have been released into the nucleoplasm. (swisspalm.org)
  • Taking into account a crystal structure of Mtr4 interacting with a truncated, short Trf4 fragment (interaction of Mtr4 and short Air2 fragment is shown as well), one can argue for ring-interaction between the phenylalanine position and a tyrosine on the interacting protein (Mtr4). (eu.org)
  • It is a large modular protein with several well-described interaction surfaces and partners. (eu.org)
  • The interaction of Red1 with Ars2 ( O94326 ) is mediated by the Red1 EDGEI motif that recruits the Ars2-Cbc submodule, with cap-binding proteins, Cbc1 ( O14253 ) and Cbc2 ( Q9P383 ). (eu.org)
  • It exports several hundreds of different proteins from the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was later shown to be the nuclear transport receptor for cargos with leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NES). (wikipedia.org)
  • Members of a subfamily of these enzymes share a specific domain that was first identified in the yeast Sac1 protein [1]. (embl.de)
  • The duplication of the polymerase Trf and the zinc knuckle protein Air arose due to a whole genome duplication event in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( 15004568 ). (eu.org)
  • Transformation of Chaetomium thermophilum and affinity-purification of native thermostable protein complexes. (db-engine.de)
  • A beta-hairpin comprising the nuclear localization sequence sustains the self-associated states of nucleosome assembly protein 1. (colorado.edu)
  • For example, it is required for the nuclear export of HIV-1 RNA in complex with the viral protein Rev, an event that is a crucial part of the infection cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite the detailed in vitro characterization of the enzymatic properties of yeast Sac1p, the exact cellular function of this protein has remained obscure. (embl.de)
  • Here, we leverage a set of genome-edited human PLIN2 reporter cell lines in a series of CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens, identifying genetic modifiers that influence PLIN2 expression and post-translational stability under different metabolic conditions and in different cell types. (stanford.edu)
  • https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.202313377) suggests that, by altering mechanosensitive signaling pathways, replating stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes changes myosin expression and contractile function. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the present study, we analysed the consequences of this effect in the endo-lysosomal pathways in CLN3 cells. (ac.ir)
  • This work aimed to clarify the solubilization mechanism by deciphering myosin thick filaments assembly as affected by protein-glutaminase deamidation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Structural inventory of cotranslational protein folding by the eukaryotic RAC complex, Structural inventory of cotranslational protein folding by the eukaryotic RAC complex, Nat. (db-engine.de)
  • anidulafungin is a new echinocandin that acts by inhibiting (1,3)-beta-d-glucan synthesis in the fungal cell wall. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • However, domains required for cargo transport in vivo have not been mapped. (go.jp)
  • One challenge with characterizing tumor stem cells has been finding appropriate conditions for in vivo growth. (nih.gov)
  • We therefore propose (3) to isolate ovarian tumor stem cells and grow them in vivo using the ESC ovarian cancer model. (nih.gov)
  • Is such compartmentalization necessary for optimal cell function? (biorxiv.org)
  • Cell Reports 39, doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110640. (db-engine.de)
  • Cell, doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.032 . (db-engine.de)
  • In contrast, the KCBP knockout (KO) line in the moss Physcomitrella patens showed a defect in nuclear and organelle positioning in apical stem cells. (go.jp)
  • A new tumor model, combining human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and tumor cells, develops abundant human vessels. (nih.gov)
  • Tumor vascular cells are critical for the growth of tumor stem cells, which reside within the vascular niche. (nih.gov)
  • If successful, this will create a murine tumor model that nearly completely reproduces the human tumor microenvironment with human tumor stroma, vessels and tumor stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • their enzymatic repertoire is highly variable among species, individual cell types and under different physiological conditions. (biorxiv.org)
  • At its core, the laboratory develops and applies multiplexing quantitative proteomics tools to simultaneously track thousands of protein dynamics and associated post-translational modifications in an accurate and high throughput fashion. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • We found that the FERM domain in the tail region, which is known to bind to lipids as well as other proteins, is essential for both nuclear and chloroplast positioning, whereas the proximal MyTH4 domain plays a supporting role in chloroplast transport. (go.jp)
  • The C-terminal arm is a ZnF domain that can bind RNA and protein partners through adjacent surfaces. (eu.org)