• It uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis by allowing the passive flux of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient and using the energy released by the transport reaction to release newly formed ATP from the active site of F-ATPase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Together with V-ATPases and A-ATPases, F-ATPases belong to superfamily of related rotary ATPases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electron cryoEM structures of mitochondrial, chloroplast, and bacterial ATP synthases have revealed the architecture of the FO region, helping to explain the mechanisms of proton translocation, dimerization of the enzyme in mitochondria, and cristae formation. (tcdb.org)
  • F-ATPase, also known as F-Type ATPase, is an ATPase/synthase found in bacterial plasma membranes, in mitochondrial inner membranes (in oxidative phosphorylation, where it is known as Complex V), and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial F-type ATPases pump 3-4 H + and/or Na + (depending on the system) out of the cell per ATP hydrolyzed. (tcdb.org)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • The crystal structure of the S. cerevisiae c-subunit ring with bound oligomycin revealed the inhibitor docked on the outer face of the proton-binding sites, deep in the transmembrane region ( Zhou and Faraldo-Gómez 2018 ). (tcdb.org)
  • N-ATPases are a group of F-type ATPases without a delta/OSCP subunit, found in bacteria and a group of archaea via horizontal gene transfer. (wikipedia.org)
  • All such systems are multisubunit complexes with at least 3 dissimilar subunits embedded as a complex in the membrane (F 0 , a:b:c = 1:2:~12) and (usually) at least 5 dissimilar subunits attached to F 0 (F 1 , α:β:γ:δ:ε = 3:3:1:1:1 for F-type ATPases). (tcdb.org)
  • F-ATPase consists of two domains: the Fo domain, which is integral in the membrane and is composed of 3 different types of integral proteins classified as a, b and c. the F1, which is peripheral (on the side of the membrane that the protons are moving into). (wikipedia.org)
  • The Fo domains sits within the membrane, spanning the phospholipid bilayer, while the F1 domain extends into the cytosol of the cell to facilitate the use of newly synthesized ATP. (wikipedia.org)
  • An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • This membrane-associated complex seems to be embedded exclusively in the inner membrane, which indicates that additional components are required to translocate substrates across the mycobacterial outer membrane. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Molecular Cell Biology (Kindle ed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, U.K. (silverchair.com)
  • Inactivation of mitochondrial respiratory complexes or alteration of their critical subunits can lead to generation of mitochondrial oxidants, mitochondrial damage, and organ injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, one goal of this study was to determine the status of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in the rat kidney during the early stages of diabetes (5-weeks post streptozotocin injection). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondrial complex activity assays, blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), Complex III immunoprecipitation, and an ATP assay were performed to examine the effects of diabetes on the status of respiratory complexes and energy levels in renal mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the effect that short-term hyperglycemia has on renal mitochondrial complexes has not been examined in detail, and may lead to a more precise understanding of the initiating events involved with mitochondrial oxidant production during diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we have examined the status of renal mitochondrial complexes during the early stages (5-weeks) of experimental Type-1 diabetes using the streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • H + transport and ATP synthesis may therefore be coupled mechanically. (tcdb.org)
  • V-type ATPases may pump 2-3 H + per ATP hydrolyzed, and these enzymes cannot catalyze pmf-driven ATP synthesis. (tcdb.org)
  • However, in contrast with what was previously demonstrated [ 9 ], we recently reported that D. discoideum cells lacking DdPpk1 have no detectable polyP levels demonstrating that this is the sole enzyme responsible for polyP synthesis in social amoeba [ 10 ]. (silverchair.com)
  • The Bovine Mitochondrial F1-ATPase Complexed with the inhibitor protein If1 is commonly cited in the relevant literature. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rotor (which consists of the c, ε and γ subunits) is believed to rotate relative to the stator in response to either ATP hydrolysis by F 1 or proton transport through F 0 . (tcdb.org)
  • As the protons bind to the subunits of the Fo domains, they cause parts of it to rotate. (wikipedia.org)
  • ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) bind spontaneously to the three β subunits of the F1 domain, so that every time it goes through a 120° rotation ATP is released (rotational catalysis). (wikipedia.org)
  • F-type ATPases are found in eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts as well as in bacteria. (tcdb.org)
  • compared the structural and functional properties of F-ATP synthases in plant mitochondria with those of yeast and mammals. (tcdb.org)
  • All eukaryotic F-type ATPases pump 3-4 H + out of mitochondria, or into thylakoids of chloroplasts, per ATP hydrolyzed. (tcdb.org)
  • A study by Katyare and Satav showed that respiration rates and ATPase activity were elevated in diabetic renal mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins( IGFBPs) phase 50 response pathway good research with reviewed N cell and C formation enzymes binding for conjugating Insulin like Growth Factors I and II( IGF I and IGF II). (evakoch.com)
  • A heterogeneous family of water-soluble structural proteins found in cells of the vertebrate lens. (lookformedical.com)
  • V-type ATPases are found in vacuoles of eukaryotes and in bacteria. (tcdb.org)
  • Secondly, the low sensitivity and specificity of available polyP detection methods make it difficult to confidently ascertain polyP presence in mammalian cells, since in higher eukaryotes, polyP exists in lower amounts than in yeast or bacteria. (silverchair.com)
  • We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
  • PPK2 is a dual activity 40.8 kDa protein that synthesizes polyP from GTP or ATP [ 5 ] and can use polyP as a donor to convert GDP to GTP [ 6 ]. (silverchair.com)
  • Higher cells of download Hanging Sam: A Military and mental Canadian initiation in the 5'-end novo depends the lipid protein directly than NALP1-mediated deafness to the chain. (evakoch.com)
  • Association of RUNX3 with the events: clear biogenesis has activation of the astrocytes: mitochondrial to the CTGF surface, very co-translationally inhibiting activation of the CTGF damage which is the bovine machinery source pH( Yagi et al. (evakoch.com)
  • Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
  • They form a distinct group that is further apart from usual F-ATPases than A-ATPases are from V-ATPases. (wikipedia.org)
  • That is to say, it usually makes ATP from the proton gradient instead of working in the other direction like V-ATPases typically do. (wikipedia.org)
  • They transport sodium ions instead of protons and tend to hydrolyze ATP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)
  • To transport substrates across this complex cell envelope, mycobacteria rely on type VII (also known as ESX) secretion systems2. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In summary, these findings show for the first time that early (and selective) inactivation of Complex-III may contribute to the mitochondrial oxidant production which occurs in the early stages of diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless, the role that hyperglycemia has on renal mitochondrial respiratory complex function has not been thoroughly investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results suggest that in the early stages of hyperglycemia Complex III has assembly defects which could cause oxidant generation, leading to impairment of mitochondrial and renal function during hyperglycemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A-type ATPases are found in archaea. (tcdb.org)
  • In addition, the renal F 0 F 1 -ATPase activity and ATP levels were increased during diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
  • Furthermore, the extended cytosolic domains of the EccC ATPase, which interact with secretion effectors, are highly flexible, suggesting an as yet unseen mode of substrate interaction. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In recent years, a large number of publications have reported on the diverse effects of exogenously added synthetic polyP to cultured cells. (silverchair.com)