Cells antibodies to specific tumor single chain antibodies. Medical search. Frequent questions

Bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are a class of artificial bispecific monoclonal antibodies that are investigated for use as anti-cancer drugs. (wikipedia.org)
Like other bispecific antibodies, and unlike ordinary monoclonal antibodies, BiTEs form a link between T cells and tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Biologics are a class of treatments where monoclonal antibodies are manufactured synthetically to target a specific molecule in the chain reaction that produces the skin inflammation seen in psoriasis. (theconversation.com)
CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the TNFR family that mediates potent T cell costimulatory signals upon ligation by CD137L or agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). (unav.edu)
Intratumoral immunotherapy strategies for cancer based on interleukin-12 (IL-12)-encoding cDNA and mRNA are under clinical development in combination with anti-PD-(L)1 monoclonal antibodies. (unav.edu)
To attain TGF-beta and CD137 binding by the constructions, we used bispecific tandem scFv antibodies (taFvs) derived from the specific 1D11 and 1D8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively. (unav.edu)
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have significantly advanced the treatment of a variety of human diseases, particularly the ability to treat cancer. (ens-lyon.fr)
The therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies consists in activation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), or engagement with cell surface receptors (to either activate or inhibit signaling) (Figure 1 ). (ens-lyon.fr)
1 ] However, despite being the most widely used form of cancer immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies have not been as successful as expected. (ens-lyon.fr)
For the last two decades, our understanding of immunology exploded with the advent of technologies that allowed high throughput screening and generation of large molecule biologics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and small molecule compounds. (frontiersin.org)

CAR-expression on T or NK cells allows them to specifically target cancer cells via recognition of tumor associated antigens. (nature.com)
The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
Thereby, several antigens can be targeted at once and the therapy can be adapted in case antigen-loss tumor variants appear. (nature.com)
In dog models this immunotherapy approach has a great limitation because in dogs the tumor antigens have not been identified. (chaseawayk9cancer.org)
Objective: In this proposal, the investigators aim to use molecular techniques developed in their laboratory to generate a specific antibody from canine patients with hemangiosarcoma and screen them to identify an antibody that specifically targets cancerous blood vessel cells (antigens in this case). (chaseawayk9cancer.org)
NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
However, high-avidity T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are usually absent in patients because of self-tolerance. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
We successfully applied this strategy to the human TAAs p53, gp100 and MDM2-specific TCRs as promising antigens-driven immunotherapy for both melanoma and hematologic malignancies. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
Recombinant targeting modules will be based on antibodies and soluble single-chain fragments of TCR specific for melanoma antigens. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
The universal design of the construct allows rapid screening for relevant specific scFv directed at cell surface antigens that can be incorporated into adenoviral targeting strategies. (wustl.edu)
However, targeting solid tumors is more challenging than targeting B-cell malignancies with CAR-T cells because of the histopathological structure features, specific antigens shortage and strong immunosuppressive environment of solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
Nevertheless, targeting solid tumors is more challenging than targeting hematological malignancies because of tumor histopathological characteristics, shortage of specific antigens and local strong immunosuppressive microenvironment [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
This vaccine format, named "Vaccibody", has previously been successfully applied for antigens from other infectious diseases including influenza and HIV, as well as for tumor antigens. (ox.ac.uk)
Efficacy was dependent on the number of CD8+ T cells able to recognize tumor antigens that infiltrated the malignant tissue. (unav.edu)
Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)

Unmodified antibodies (abs) have been successful in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but less so for the treatment of solid tumors. (mdpi.com)
Optimization of the design of CAR vectors, exploration of new targets, addition of safe switches and combination with other treatments bring new vitality to the CAR-T cell based immunotherapy against solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
In this review, we focus on the major obstacles limiting the application of CAR-T cell therapy toward solid tumors and summarize the measures to refine this new cancer therapeutic modality. (ijbs.com)
And much work remains to be done to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
It may be achieved, at least partially, by more extensive basic studies investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of T cell activation by CARs and unraveling the connection between T cell migration in solid tumors and the effectiveness in eradication of solid tumors and metastases [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
In this review, we discuss the current status and major obstacles for the treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells, thus provide some potential measures to refine this novel therapeutic modality. (ijbs.com)
Heterogeneous antigen expression is a key barrier influencing the activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in solid tumors. (nature.com)
To improve the response rate in B cell malignancies and translate the success of CAR T cells to solid tumors, the optimization of this class of therapeutics is required. (nature.com)
These armed second-generation CAR T cells empowered to secrete human anti-PD-L1 antibodies in the ccRCC milieu to combat T cell exhaustion is an innovation in this field that should provide renewed potential for CAR T cell immunotherapy of solid tumors where limited efficacy is currently seen. (oncotarget.com)

The anti-tumoral efficacy of IZ-TRAIL alone or in combination with different chemotherapeutic drugs was evaluated on a variety of tumor cells. (uni-marburg.de)
2,3 Cellular therapy centers, manufacturers, payers, and policy makers will need to work together to address barriers to care as new CAR T-cell products with improved efficacy and tolerability are approved for use in more diverse malignancies. (ajmc.com)
Insights into future directions and challenges for the appropriate development of biomarkers to evaluate both product bioactivity and treatment efficacy of T cell therapy trials. (biomedcentral.com)
In a previous study funded by the ACVIM Foundation, the investigators have generated data demonstrating the efficacy of gemcitabine against canine OSA tumor cells in the laboratory. (chaseawayk9cancer.org)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-engineered T cells have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in patients with B-cell malignancies. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
The enduring enthusiasm for cell therapy largely stems from the prospect of restoring inherent cell functions to achieve safety and efficacy beyond other treatment modalities. (medicaltrend.org)
While biologics, including recombinant proteins and other cell-derived biomolecules, can leverage the high molecular recognition capabilities to achieve high target specificity, they are prone to unfavorable pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) characteristics, limiting their safety and efficacy. (medicaltrend.org)
Cell therapies possess unique intrinsic features that could enhance therapeutic efficacy against diseases. (medicaltrend.org)
Achieving predictable and determinable therapeutic efficacy levels by altering existing cell characteristics or designing new ones. (medicaltrend.org)
These challenges posed persistent barriers to safety and efficacy, leading to only a few cell-based therapies gaining approval for market entry in the past decade. (medicaltrend.org)
The emerging therapeutic approach of CAR-T cell therapy has sparked great interests, extensive studies in preclinical and clinical trials have revealed encouraging therapeutic efficacy in treating a variety of cancers, particularly in treating B-cell hematologic malignancies with CD19 CAR-T cells [ 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
Combining tumor-specific adoptive T cell therapy to the aCTLA-4/aPD1/rIL2 or aCTLA-4/aPD1/aCD137 reg-imens enhances efficacy in a synergistic manner. (unav.edu)
The need to improve their clinical efficacy has led to an increased interest in bispecific antibodies (bsAbs). (ens-lyon.fr)
According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. (explorationpub.com)
Recent studies suggested that strategies to reduce immunosuppressive cells, promote systemic T-cell responses and lymphocyte trafficking to the tumor microenvironment (TME) may improve efficacy. (bmj.com)
Antitumor efficacy of N-809 or N-803+αPD-L1 was evaluated in two murine carcinoma models and an extensive analysis of immune correlates was performed in the tumor and tumor-draining lymph node (dLN). (bmj.com)

One of the scFvs binds to T cells via the CD3 receptor, and the other to a tumor cell via a tumor specific molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Another avenue for novel anti-cancer therapies is re-engineering some of the currently used conventional antibodies like trastuzumab (targeting HER2/neu), cetuximab and panitumumab (both targeting the EGF receptor), using the BiTE approach. (wikipedia.org)
Targeting viral vector particles to predetermined cell types will be obtained through genetic engineering of retroviral envelopes or adenoviral capsid proteins, by using single chain antibody fragments or tumour cell receptor ligands. (europa.eu)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an example of how immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of hematologic malignancies with unprecedented response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (ajmc.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is designed to enhance the body's immune system to effectively kill malignant cells. (ajmc.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)
Classical " CARs consist of an extracellular binding domain mostly derived from a monoclonal antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment-scFv), which is linked to intracellular binding domains of the T-cell receptor complex. (nature.com)
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Folate receptor beta (FRβ) is only detectable in placenta and limited to some hematopoietic cells of myeloid lineage in healthy people. (biomedcentral.com)
Using HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice, we have demonstrated the feasibility of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer into T cells to circumvent self-tolerance to the widely expressed human p53 and MDM2 TAAs. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
The antibody binds specifically to EGFR, a cell-surface receptor which is part of the ErbB family of receptors. (absoluteantibody.com)
The EGFR is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which, upon activation by its ligands, such as epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha, triggers signal transduction pathways that increase cell migration, adhesion and proliferation. (absoluteantibody.com)
The utility of adenoviruses is limited by their lack of specificity and by the absence of the receptor(s) for these viruses on many tumor cells. (wustl.edu)
A construct was made that encodes a neutralizing anti-adenovirus fiber single-chain Fv (scFv) Ab (S11) fused to a scFv Ab (425) directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor. (wustl.edu)
The fusion protein markedly enhanced the infection efficiency of adenoviral vectors in epidermal growth factor receptor- expressing cell lines. (wustl.edu)
Advances in our understanding on the interaction between the immune system and tumor cells have contributed to the rapid development of novel therapeutic strategies based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) modified T cells. (ijbs.com)
These are capable of connecting any kind of cytotoxic T cell to a cancer cell, independently of T-cell receptor specificity, costimulation, or peptide antigen presentation. (aacrjournals.org)
γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)
OXS-1550 targets cancer cells expressing the CD19 receptor or the CD22 receptor or both receptors. (gtbiopharma.com)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
Foremost, N-809 enhances intratumoral lymphocyte numbers by increasing trafficking via altered chemokine levels in the TME and chemokine receptor expression on CD8 + T cells and NK cells. (bmj.com)
Herein we used a single bicistronic lentiviral vector to develop a new combination immunotherapy that consists of human anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to secrete human anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies at the tumor site. (oncotarget.com)

This causes T cells to exert cytotoxic activity on tumor cells by producing proteins like perforin and granzymes, independently of the presence of MHC I or co-stimulatory molecules. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1, ICAM-3, VCAM-1, and selectins, are expressed by various tumor cells and are often key factors in metastatic malignancy. (thomasnet.com)
This Luminex platform adapted the fluorescently encoded microspheres with specific antibodies targeting different molecules. (thomasnet.com)
Here we review frequently chosen classes of effector cells, as well as common trigger molecules. (mdpi.com)
Cytokines are cell signalling molecules involved in the regulation of inflammation. (theconversation.com)
Promising combinations of UniCAR NK cells and distinct targeting molecules will be identified for subsequent translation into a phase clinical study. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
Additionally, cells can actively sense various external cues, including small molecules, cell surface marker proteins, or physical forces. (medicaltrend.org)
We present here a novel strategy that allows the production of recombinant bispecific single-chain Abs directed at cell surface molecules. (wustl.edu)
Antibody -- Any of the protein molecules produced by specialized immune system cells (B cells) that can recognize and bind to a particular foreign antigen. (nih.gov)
When GTP is bound, for instance, Ras proteins can interact with effectors and other molecules to affect cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. (justia.com)
Applications of bispecific IgG-like antibodies and their target molecules. (ens-lyon.fr)
More than 25 years ago, monoclonal antibody and recombinant DNA technologies enabled the construction of antibody-based molecules that normally do not occur in nature. (aacrjournals.org)
The first bispecific antibodies looked like normal immunoglobin G (IgG) molecules but had their two binding arms equipped with distinct binding specificities. (aacrjournals.org)
Antibodies are small molecules that find and bind to foreign materials so that Monocytes can find them. (earthlife.net)
Therefore, amino acids in multifunctional docking sites of Met have been exchanged with specific binding motifs for downstream adaptor molecules in order to investigate the signaling potential of the HGF‑Met signaling pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
The dual-targeting approach leverages our proprietary non-viral piggyBac® DNA Delivery System, which enables expression of two fully functional CAR molecules into T cells from healthy donors for the treatment of B-cell malignancies that may have heterogeneous antigen expression. (biotechnology.report)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
As an evasion mechanism, many tumors are able to stimulate the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, resulting in an exhausted phenotype of T cells that cannot restrain tumor progression [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
In most plasma cell disorders, M-proteins (monoclonal immunoglobulin protein) are structurally similar to normal antibody molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
Adaptive immune mechanisms recognize and neutralize foreign molecules or microorganisms in a specific manner. (lu.se)
Deficiencies are highly variable with regard to symptoms, phenotype, genotype, severity, etc, because many cells and molecules are required for both natural and adaptive immunity . (lu.se)

Apo-2L or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis ligand, TRAIL, is one of several members of the TNF family and due its selectivity towards transformed versus normal cells it bears the potential as a cancer therapeutic agent. (uni-marburg.de)
Lately, CAR-NK cell therapies have also come into focus as novel therapeutic options to address hurdles related to CAR-T cell therapies, such as therapy-induced side effects. (nature.com)
Prior to infusion of the CAR-modified immune cells, lymphodepletion is performed in most therapeutic settings to allow efficient cell engraftment [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
In this study we aimed to develop an FRβ-specific human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that could be used as a therapeutic agent to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, as well as FRβ positive cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Data from recent clinical trials have highlighted the potential for this therapeutic modality to effect potent anti-tumor activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous work from the contributing DKTK partner sites has demonstrated the versatility of this approach in T cells, and showed that it is feasible to derive CAR-engineered, established human NK cells as an off-the-shelf cellular therapeutic. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
Therapeutic response correlates with the mutational load of the patient tumors, suggesting that neoantigens contribute to tumor rejection. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
Therefore, cell-based therapies exhibit highly complex sensing and responsive functions, dynamically tracking disease states through detecting relevant molecular cues and providing multifactorial output responses, including activating intrinsic reactions or therapeutic transgene expression. (medicaltrend.org)
Ensuring cell-based products have sufficient vitality to sustain therapeutic effects for an adequate duration. (medicaltrend.org)
Recent years, we have witnessed significant progresses in both basic and clinical studies regarding novel therapeutic strategies with genetically engineered T cells. (ijbs.com)
Upon mRNA intratumoral injections in the transplantable mouse cancer models CT26, MC38, and B16OVA, potent therapeutic effects were observed following repeated injections into the tumors. (unav.edu)
Antibodies are widely recognized for their therapeutic potential and subsequently have prompted a lot of interest into their development and application. (ens-lyon.fr)
This review summarizes the various methods used to generate bispecific antibodies and discusses the perspectives and the therapeutic benefits of bispecific antibodies. (ens-lyon.fr)
Currently, most of the antibodies for therapeutic usage are monospecific, with a defined specificity for a particular molecular part of an antigen, known as an epitope. (ens-lyon.fr)
Recent results from clinical studies with a CD19/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody suggest that this therapeutic paradigm is finally showing promise for treatment of both bulky and minimal residual disease. (aacrjournals.org)
argenx SE and Genmab A/S announced that argenx and Genmab have entered into a collaboration agreement to jointly discover, develop and commercialize novel therapeutic antibodies with applications in immunology, as well as in oncology therapeutic areas. (biotechnology.report)
The multiyear collaboration will leverage the antibody engineering expertise and knowledge of disease biology of both companies to accelerate the identification and development of novel antibody therapeutic candidates with a goal to address unmet patient needs in immunology and cancer. (biotechnology.report)
This allows us to broaden our capabilities and maximize the opportunity to generate novel therapeutic antibodies within autoimmunity or cancer. (biotechnology.report)
Genmab is entering the therapeutic area of immunology and inflammation as a steppingstone to achieving its vision that by 2030, our knock-your-socks-off "KYSO" antibody medicines will be transforming the lives of people with cancer and other serious diseases," said Jan van de Winkel, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer, Genmab. (biotechnology.report)
By partnering with argenx, we will be able to combine our deep knowledge of the biology and therapeutic power of antibodies and have an opportunity to address patients' needs in oncology as well as in immunology and inflammation. (biotechnology.report)

BiTE is a registered trademark of Micromet AG (fully owned subsidiary of Amgen Inc). BiTEs are fusion proteins consisting of two single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of different antibodies, or amino acid sequences from four different genes, on a single peptide chain of about 55 kilodaltons. (wikipedia.org)
In this study multivalent single chain antibody fragments (scFv fragments) specific for TRAIL-R2 and CD95 were generated and analysed. (uni-marburg.de)
Specificity and activity of the in-vitro-refolded scFv-anti-TRAIL-R2 and scFv-anti-APO-1 antibody fragments have been evaluated. (uni-marburg.de)
In the case of the scFv-anti-APO-1 fragments, specific binding as well as lytic activity was observed. (uni-marburg.de)
We tested four candidate anti-BCMA CARs each comprised of unique single chain variable fragments from antibodies specific to BCMA fused to CD3zeta and CD137 (4-1BB) signaling domains. (bmj.com)
The effect requires binding of both anti-RAS variable region fragments and is RAS-specific, producing a tri-molecular complex that auto-activates the caspase pathway leading to cell death. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Isolation of tumor cell-specific single-chain Fv from immunized mice using phage-antibody libraries and the re-construction of whole antibodies from these antibody fragments. (absoluteantibody.com)
We find that a structurally rigid IgG4H and CD28TM domain brings the two D4 fragments in proximity, driving CAR dimerization and leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density in female mice. (nature.com)
Because these are bipartite with variable fragments (Fv) coming from two different genes, a linker sequence was introduced in order to align the two variable domains on a single polypeptide chain, resulting in a so-called single-chain antibody (scFv) (ref. 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)

BiTE-Antikörper: Durch Bispezifität T-Lymphozyten gegen Tumorzellen richten" [BiTE antibodies: Directing T lymphocytes against tumor cells by bispecifity]. (wikipedia.org)
Despite the existence of a highly immunosuppressive tumor environment, adenovirus-infected cells can nonetheless be efficiently cleared by infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) without compromising tumor burden. (aacrjournals.org)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) operably link T cell activation domains to the antigen recognition properties of an antibody, thereby redirecting T lymphocytes to cells expressing the antigen. (bmj.com)
In contrast to other cancers such as adenocarcinomas of the lung or melanoma, primary brain tumors like GB and low grade gliomas (LGG) are known as rather immunologically "cold" tumors, typically with low numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ( 4 ), and the mere amount of TILs is not associated with patient survival ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Immunotherapy based on the adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded and activated autologous tumor-reactive lymphocytes can mediate tumor regression in cancer patients. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
As shown by multiplex tissue immunofluorescence and intravital microscopy, combined immunotherapy treatments enhance T cell infiltration and the intratumoral performance of T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
and circulating atypical lymphocytes or plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)
Lymphocytes, B and T cells, can respond selectively to thousands of non-self materials. (lu.se)

While GB tumors are frequently infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells, these are actively suppressed by the GB cells and the GB tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
Nevertheless, the composition of the immunologic tumor microenvironment undergoes changes upon radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or even after anti-angiogenic therapy ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. (explorationpub.com)
Therefore, an in-depth understanding of γδ T cells that play conflicting roles in the tumor microenvironment is necessary. (explorationpub.com)
1 This is due to multiple factors, including tumor heterogeneity, the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and innate or acquired resistance to treatment. (bmj.com)
Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. (jci.org)
Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)

Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
This joint (Frankfurt/Mainz, Dresden, Essen, Heidelberg) translational immunotherapy project aims to combine NK cells as effector cells with universal epitope-specific CAR (UniCAR) with tunable activity. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
CAR-T cell therapy has achieved outstanding progresses in clinical observations, which makes it even more attractive in the development of cancer adoptive immunotherapy. (ijbs.com)
[ 1 ] Bruton was also the first physician to provide specific immunotherapy for this X-linked disorder by administering intramuscular injections of IgG. (medscape.com)

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tumor-infiltrating T cells could be more effectively activated and redirected by oncolytic adenoviruses that were armed with bispecific T-cell-engager (BiTE) antibodies. (aacrjournals.org)
Here, we review the principle of a new class of bispecific antibodies called BiTE (for "bispecific T-cell engager") antibodies. (aacrjournals.org)
This mode of action is being referred to as BiTE for "bispecific T-cell engager" technology. (aacrjournals.org)

However, compared to the parental anti-APO-1 antibody the potential of this recombinant antibody was not increased. (uni-marburg.de)
Therefore, in contrast to non-tagged versions of TRAIL this recombinant IZ-TRAIL shows high activity against tumor cells and, at the same time, it is not toxic to primary cells. (uni-marburg.de)
Functional recombinant FRβ protein was produced in insect cells and used as antigen to isolate a mAb, m909, from a human naïve Fab phage display library. (biomedcentral.com)
Recombinant monoclonal antibody to EGFR. (absoluteantibody.com)
Under these conditions, IL-17 secretion elicited by Recombinant Human IL-23 (0.75 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human IL-23 p19 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1716). (rndsystems.com)
GT's most advanced oncology drug candidate, OXS-1550 (DT2219) is a novel bispecific recombinant fusion protein-drug conjugate targeting CD19 and CD22 on lymphoma and leukemia cells with a modified form of diphtheria toxin as its cytotoxic dru payload. (gtbiopharma.com)
The TriKE and TetraKE product candidates are single-chain, tri- and tetra-specific scFv recombinant fusion proteins composed of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains (or heavy chain only) of anti-CD16 antibodies, wild-type or a modified form of IL-15 and the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of an antibody designed to precisely target a specific tumor antigen. (gtbiopharma.com)

The specific binding of the scFv-anti-TRAIL-R2 fragment to TRAIL-R2 expressing tumor cells was confirmed by FACS analysis. (uni-marburg.de)
Only minimal lytic activity of the scFv-anti-TRAIL-R2 fragment on a variety of tumor cells could be detected. (uni-marburg.de)
We previously demonstrated an approach (Antibody-antigen Interaction Dependent Apoptosis (AIDA)) whereby a single anti-β-galactosidase intracellular single chain Fv antibody fragment, fused to inactive procaspase-3, induced auto-activation of caspase-3 after binding to the tetrameric β-galactosidase protein. (whiterose.ac.uk)
6: Schau I, Michen S, Hagstotz A, Janke A, Schackert G, Appelhans D, Temme A. Targeted delivery of TLR3 agonist to tumor cells with single chain antibody fragment-conjugated nanoparticles induces type I-interferon response and apoptosis. (moleculardepot.com)
The vaccine is designed as bivalent homodimers where each chain is composed of an amino-terminal single chain fragment variable (scFv) targeting unit specific for major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expressed on APCs, and a carboxyl-terminal antigenic unit genetically linked by the dimerization unit. (ox.ac.uk)
To make the most of these approaches, we have constructed chimeric mRNAs encoding single-chain IL-12 fused to single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies that bind to transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) and CD137 (4-1BB). (unav.edu)
Abbreviations: VL - variable domain of the light chain, VH - variable domain of the heavy chain, CL - constant domain of the light chain, CH - constant domain of the heavy chain, Fc - constant fragment, Fab - antigen binding fragment. (ens-lyon.fr)

Blinatumomab links T cells with CD19 receptors found on the surface of B cells. (wikipedia.org)
One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)
In addition to RFC and PCFT, a limited number of cells express folate receptors (FRs) that can mediate unidirectional transportation of folates into cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Modification with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endows T cells with tumor specific cytotoxicity and thus induce anti-tumor immunity against malignancies. (ijbs.com)
In addition, by targeting two different receptors in combination on the same cell, bsAbs can induce modifications of cell signaling, including the inactivation of proliferation or inflammatory pathways. (ens-lyon.fr)
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. (mdpi.com)
Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
Increased TME NK and CD8 + T-cell numbers correlated with augmented chemokine ligands and receptors. (bmj.com)

These proteins enter tumor cells and initiate the cell's apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
ii) gutless adenoviral vectors, by genetic modifications of the fibre and hexon proteins of the adenoviral capsids, as well as through the use of combined cell type specific and inducible promoters. (europa.eu)
In normal cells, folates are taken in through the reduced folate carrier (RFC) or proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), which are membrane-spanning proteins that facilitate bidirectional transportation of reduced folate across the plasma membrane and endosome membranes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Another way to empower abs is the design of bispecific abs and related fusion proteins allowing a narrower choice of effector cells. (mdpi.com)
Many tumour causing proteins, such as those expressed after chromosomal translocations or from point mutations, are intracellular and are not enzymes per se amenable to conventional drug targeting. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Thus, existing techniques and current knowledge have not used nor addressed the interactions of GEF-H1 with other proteins as a means by which cell proliferation can be controlled or the detection and treatment of cancerous, tumorigenic cells and tissues be developed. (justia.com)
Bispecific antibodies are proteins capable of simultaneously binding two different epitops, on the same or on different antigenes (Figure 2 ). (ens-lyon.fr)

To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of bb2121 in vivo , we employed a murine xenograft model in which 10 7 RPMI-8226 cells were subcutaneously implanted in NSG mice eighteen days prior to CAR T cell treatment, resulting in tumor volumes of 95 mm 3 at the time of infusion. (bmj.com)

The UniCAR is only activated upon cross-linking through a soluble tumor-targeting module carrying the UniCAR binding epitope, thereby achieving highest tumor specificity. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
T cells and TCR will be obtained from blood and tumor tissue and tested for neoantigen specificity and tumor reactivity. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
This enabled combination with an additional linker sequence of two single-chain antibodies of different binding specificity in tandem, in such a way that four gene products are ultimately aligned on a single polypeptide chain of approximately 55 kDa ( Fig. 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Apo-2L oder „tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis ligand" (TRAIL), TRAIL, ist ein Mitglied der TNF-Familie und ein vielversprechendes Protein für die Krebs. (uni-marburg.de)
The first biologic therapies for psoriasis targeted the tumour necrosis factor alpha molecule, a master cytokine. (theconversation.com)
Hadlima (adalimumab-bwwd) is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker indicated for treatment of rheumatoid Arthritis ( RA ), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), adult Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and plaque psoriasis (Ps). (rxlist.com)

CAR T-cell therapies are limited by the potential to cause life-threatening toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). (ajmc.com)
These results suggest that MDV vaccines activate effector Î³Î´ T cells which may be involved in the development of protective immune responses against MD. Further, it was demonstrated that MDV infection increases the frequency of a subpopulation of Î³Î´ T cells expressing membrane-bound TGF-ß in MDV-infected birds. (bvsalud.org)
Removing senescent T cells from the physiological cycle to maintain the homeostasis of memory and effector T cells is the way of replacement. (hindawi.com)
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was evaluated with FRβ positive CHO cells as target cells and isolated peripheral blood monocytes as effector cells in an in vitro assay. (biomedcentral.com)
hence, they can be applied to redirect effector cells to tumor cells. (ens-lyon.fr)
By simultaneous recognition of two different targets, bsAbs can serve as mediators to redirections of immune effector cells, such as Natural Killers cells and T-cells, to tumor cells, in order to enhance their destruction. (ens-lyon.fr)
Pioneering work by Kufer and colleagues ( 6 ) showed that CD3/target antigen-bispecific antibodies of this particular design had an exceptionally high potency, and could likewise engage CD8 + and CD4 + T cells for redirected lysis of cancer cells at very low effector to target (E:T) ratios. (aacrjournals.org)
Thus, N-809 can potentially stimulate effector immune cells through IL-15 and block immunosuppressive PD-L1. (bmj.com)

At tumor sites, monocytes differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages capable of inducing growth factors, proteases, angiogenic mediators, and cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1 and IL-6, and chemokines. (thomasnet.com)
Studies have indicated that FRβ is over-expressed in activated macrophages in autoimmune diseases and some cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
m909 was not only able to select FRβ positive, activated macrophages from synovial fluid cells of arthritis patients as efficiently as folate, but also able to mediate ADCC in FRβ positive cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Likewise, bispecific antibodies for engagement of other cytotoxic immune cells were constructed, for instance, targeting Fcγ RI/CD64 on macrophages and Her2/neu or EGFR on tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Moreover, in contrast to N-803+αPD-L1, N-809 reduced immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (T reg ), monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) and M2-like macrophages in the TME. (bmj.com)
In addition, N-809 reduces immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic immune cells in the TME, including T reg , M2-like macrophages and M-MDSC. (bmj.com)
ETP augmented fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation through recruitment of macrophages and endothelial cells. (jci.org)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

RFC is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues and some tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, cells can naturally migrate, localize, and even proliferate in specific tissues or organs. (medicaltrend.org)
In addition, he is also interested in generating cancer-specific full-length human antibodies, using EBV immortalization and hybridoma techniques, from B cells obtained from sentinel nodes, bone marrow aspirates and tumor tissues of cancer patients. (boffinaccess.com)
Meanwhile, the on-target/off-tumor toxicity caused by relative expression of target on normal tissues is another issue that should be reckoned. (ijbs.com)
A recent study showed that 51.4% had weak, 35.1% had moderate, and 13.5% had strong staining of GPC1 in positively stained pancreatic tumor tissues 22 . (nature.com)
HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
PCBs bioaccumulate in food chains and are stored in fatty tissues due to their stability and lipophilicity. (cdc.gov)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)

The characteristics, efficiency, and toxicity of targeted vectors will first be assessed in vitro on relevant cell lines and primary cell cultures, then in vivo using animal models of brain and liver cancer. (europa.eu)
Notably, intratumoral injection of this cBiTE-expressing adenovirus increased the persistence and accumulation of tumor-infiltrating T cells in vivo , compared with the parental virus lacking such effects. (aacrjournals.org)
Importantly, Î³Î´ T cells from the vaccinated/challenged group exhibited maximum cytotoxic activity following ex vivo stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
The concept of enhancing cellular immunity through the transfer of ex-vivo expanded T cells was pioneered by Greenberg et al. (biomedcentral.com)
It involves in vitro (fresh tumors, cancer cell lines, purified cancer targets) and in vivo (animals and cancer patients) selection of tumor targeting agents using phage-displayed peptide, single chain antibody and β-lactamase loop libraries. (boffinaccess.com)
Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. (mdpi.com)
Third, IL-2 therapies aiming at expanding immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
The anti-PD-L1 IgG1 isotype, which is capable of mediating ADCC, was also able to recruit human NK cells to the tumor site in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)

Besides the high apoptosis-inducing activity on cancer cells, no toxicity in mice and on freshly isolated human hepatocytes of either IZ-TRAIL alone or in combination with diverse chemotherapeutic drugs was observed. (uni-marburg.de)
All mice treated with bb2121 anti-BCMA CAR T cells remained tumor free for the study duration (85 days). (bmj.com)
In contrast, bortezomib (a current standard of care for multiple myeloma) merely suppressed tumor growth during administration and tumors progressed in all mice by day fifty (n = 10). (bmj.com)
In addition, intracranial injections of U87-MG cells with reduced GGT7 expression increased tumor growth in mice approximately 2-fold, and decreased mouse survival. (stanford.edu)
BALB/c mice immunized with the targeted vaccine induced higher PfRH5-specific IgG1 antibody responses than those vaccinated with a non-targeted vaccine or antigen alone. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that treatment of the mice with a combination of anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD1 mAbs results in partial clearance of the tumor with an improvement in survival. (unav.edu)
Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Tumor growth diminished 5 times and tumor weight reduced 50-80% when compared with the anti-CAIX CAR T cells alone in a humanized mice model of ccRCC. (oncotarget.com)
However, murine models, including knockout and transgenic mice, have been useful in understanding the mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis, B-cell differentiation, and antibody formation. (medscape.com)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

Once new generation targeted viral vectors are generated, they will be sent to the appropriate partners for the in vitro testing of the efficiency of the novel vectors in various cell lines. (europa.eu)
The oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR-15K was engineered to express an EGFR-targeting BiTE (cBiTE) antibody under the control of the major late promoter, leading to generation of ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE, which retained its oncolytic properties in vitro . (aacrjournals.org)
The libraries are prepared from the spleen, lymph node and in vitro cells of an immunized mouse. (absoluteantibody.com)
Cell-free system -- A mixture of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear components from cells used for in vitro protein synthesis, transcription, DNA replication, or other purposes. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, the vaccine-induced PfRH5-specific IgG showed inhibition of growth of the P. falciparum 3D7 clone parasite in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
BiTE antibodies consistently show a high potency of redirected lysis in vitro , and high antitumor activity in various animal models. (aacrjournals.org)
Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. (mdpi.com)
These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)

They direct a host's immune system, more specifically the T cells' cytotoxic activity, against cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, the product manager of the company was pleased to announce the launch of its Cancer Cytokines Assay , assisting in the detection of multiple cytokine levels within a single sample. (thomasnet.com)
Normally, potentially malignant cells are continuously eliminated by the immune system, but cancer cells can accumulate certain mutations, which allow them to escape these mechanisms [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
Cancer immunotherapies aim to support or boost the patient's immune system to enable the effective clearance of cancer cells. (nature.com)
Not surprisingly, folic acid is required in increased amounts by rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
T cell therapy represents an emerging and promising modality for the treatment of both infectious disease and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell-based human therapies began in the 1950s with bone marrow transplants for hematologic cancer patients. (medicaltrend.org)
Recently, his group has been working on the high throughput immuno-sequencing of B-cell repertoire of tumor- and vaccine-draining lymph nodes from cancer patients and relevant preclinical models. (boffinaccess.com)
Here, we develop CAR T cells targeting glypican-1 (GPC1), an oncofetal antigen expressed in pancreatic cancer. (nature.com)
This study demonstrates the potential of V H H-based CAR T for pancreatic cancer therapy and provides an engineering strategy for developing potent CAR T cells targeting membrane-distal epitopes. (nature.com)
Furthermore, by investigating the impact of hinge (CD8 and IgG4) and TM (CD8 and CD28) on D4 CAR T cells, we discover that IgG4H-CD28TM mediated D4 CAR dimerization, leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density. (nature.com)
2 , 3 ] This is perhaps not so surprising considering the fact that cancer is often a multifactorial disease, where tumors acquire a series of mutations. (ens-lyon.fr)
Therefore, aiming on a single target does not appear to be sufficient to destroy cancer cells. (ens-lyon.fr)
There is increasing evidence that T cells are able to control tumor growth and survival in cancer patients, both in early and late stages of the disease. (aacrjournals.org)
However, tumor-specific T-cell responses are difficult to mount and sustain in cancer patients, and are limited by numerous immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells selected during immunoediting. (aacrjournals.org)
An alternative approach to engage T cells for cancer therapy are antibodies, which are bispecific for a surface target antigen on cancer cells, and for CD3 on T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
The concept of using such bispecific antibodies to engage cytotoxic T cells for cancer cell lysis was shown by Staerz and colleagues ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
When OXS-1550 binds to cancer cells, the cancer cells internalize the drug and are killed due to the action of cytotoxic payload. (gtbiopharma.com)
We utilize the NK stimulating cytokine human IL-15 as a crosslinker between the two scFvs which is designed to provide a self-sustaining signal leading to the proliferation and activation of NK cells thus enhancing their ability to kill cancer cells mediated by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (gtbiopharma.com)
Collagen VI (COL6) is highly expressed in adipose tissue, upregulated in the obese state, and enriched in breast cancer lesions and is a stimulator of mammary tumor growth. (jci.org)
Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

Inhibition of CKα using siRNA or small-molecule inhibitors (TBBz, CX-4945) reduced cell growth, decreased tumor size, and increased survival rates in GBM xenograft mouse models. (stanford.edu)
The haemoglobin of hagfish and lampreys is called monomeric and consists of a single large haem-molecule with a molecular weight of around 17,000 daltons. (earthlife.net)
Most other fish have tetrameric haemoglobin, which is built up from from four different protein chains called alpha and beta chains - there are two of each in a single haemoglobin molecule. (earthlife.net)

In cell coculture assays, ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE-mediated oncolysis resulted in robust T-cell activation, proliferation, and bystander cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
Compared with N-803+αPD-L1, N-809 enhanced natural killer (NK) and CD8 + T-cell activation and function in the dLN and TME, relating to increased gene expression associated with interferon and cytokine signaling, lymphoid compartment, costimulation and cytotoxicity. (bmj.com)

dc.title: Applications of the indirect fluorescent antibody test in malaria dc.contributor.author: SIVANESARAJAH, Y dc.description.abstract: Various methods have been employed in the epidemiological assessment of malaria. (who.int)

CAR-modified immune cells are expanded until sufficient cell numbers are attained and are adoptively transferred into the patient to fight malignant cells. (nature.com)
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor in adults, without any curative treatment options available at present. (frontiersin.org)
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival time of one and a half years. (stanford.edu)
Heavy chain diseases are plasma cell disorders that are typically malignant. (msdmanuals.com)

One method is to target senescent T cells which have selective apoptosis function. (hindawi.com)
Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include inactivation of autoantigen-recognizing T and B cells by the induction of apoptosis, anergy or conversion into immunosuppressive regulatory cells. (frontiersin.org)

1 CAR T-cell therapy pivotal trials demonstrated unprecedented overall response rates (ORRs) and complete responses (CRs) that led to the FDA approval of 5 CAR T-cell products: tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel), brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel), and idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel). (ajmc.com)
Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
This work aims to break the self-tolerance (where the antibodies will not destroy the normal cells) and generate antibody responses against their own tumors in dogs. (chaseawayk9cancer.org)
APC-Targeted DNA Vaccination Against Reticulocyte-Binding Protein Homolog 5 Induces Plasmodium falciparum-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies and T Cell Responses. (ox.ac.uk)
Targeted delivery of antigen to antigen presenting cells (APCs) is an efficient way to induce robust antigen-specific immune responses. (ox.ac.uk)
The APC-targeted vaccine also efficiently induced rapid IFN-γ and IL-4 T cell responses. (ox.ac.uk)
These cells can participate in inflammatory responses by releasing mediators that attract or activate other cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases. (mdpi.com)
The next wave of truly transformative therapeutics should aspire to provide a cure by selectively suppressing pathogenic autoantigen-specific immune responses while leaving the rest of the immune system intact to control infectious diseases and malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
While the use of single-agent immunotherapies, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, can produce durable and effective responses in some patients, clinical benefit for most patients with carcinoma is minimal. (bmj.com)

This rapid cell proliferation causes the skin to thicken. (theconversation.com)
It also requires increased blood flow and nutrients to support this rapid cell proliferation. (theconversation.com)
Initial studies showed that two GBM cell lines (U87-MG and U138) transduced with CK2α had enhanced proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. (stanford.edu)
The present invention relates to diagnosing abnormal cell proliferation in biological samples and screening for drugs which inhibit, reduce or abolish cell growth, especially tumorigenic cell growth, by detecting a phosphovariant isoform of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor biomarker, such as the novel GEF-H1S. (justia.com)
Further, many tumors rely on multiple and often redundant pathways of survival and proliferation, as well as crosstalk between signaling cascades. (ens-lyon.fr)
Overview of Plasma Cell Disorders Plasma cell disorders are a diverse group of disorders of unknown etiology characterized by Disproportionate proliferation of a single clone of B cells Presence of a structurally and electrophoretically. (msdmanuals.com)

At the end of culture all four candidates demonstrated equivalent transduction efficiencies and released cytokines specifically in response to BCMA-positive multiple myeloma cell lines. (bmj.com)
Interlukins are a class of cytokines initially found in white blood cells, but now known to be produced by and act on a broad range of cells in the body. (theconversation.com)
NK cells can enhance T-cell activation without production of cytokines linked to adverse reactions. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
The p19 subunit has homology to the p35 subunit of IL-12, as well as to other single chain cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-11. (rndsystems.com)

The reasons for this are multiple and include the variable and often long times to progression, the fact that direct measurements on target tumors are often not possible, and also include patient- intrinsic effects related to both patient and tumor heterogeneity. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the new emerging mechanisms associated with the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and other tumors is the immune checkpoint pathway, which consists of cellular interactions that prevent excessive activation of T cells under normal conditions. (oncotarget.com)

My goal is to expand on this initial finding and determine if casein kinase 2 could be a therapeutically relevant drug target in adult brain tumors and whether this protein plays a role in pediatric brain tumors. (stanford.edu)

Specifically they mediate antibody activity. (earthlife.net)

Finally, it retrospectively analyze the activation strategies and clinical relevance of existing γδ T cell adoptive immunotherapies. (explorationpub.com)

Describes the phage-antibody technology, which is used to produce three phage-antibody libraries from which mouse anti-EGFR scFv antibodies are generated. (absoluteantibody.com)

Recently, the crystal structure and key functional antibody epitopes for the truncated version of PfRH5 (PfRH5ΔNL) were characterized, suggesting PfRH5ΔNL to be a promising candidate for next-generation PfRH5 vaccine design. (ox.ac.uk)
Finally, sera obtained after vaccination with this targeted vaccine competed for the same epitopes as PfRH5-specific mAbs from vaccinated humans. (ox.ac.uk)
In this work, we isolate a dromedary camel V H H single-domain antibody (also known as nanobody) named D4 and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) named HM2 recognizing membrane-distal and membrane-proximal epitopes of GPC1, respectively. (nature.com)

2008). "Characterization in primates of MCSP- and CD33-specific human BiTE antibodies for treatment of Melanoma and AML" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
By using just one CD3-specific binding arm, such bispecific antibodies can monovalently bind to all T cells, but do so only with rather low affinity ( 7 ), which will not trigger T-cell signaling by CD3, unless the BiTE antibody is presented to the T cell in a multivalent fashion by a target cell ( 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
The technology and improved, newly developed BiTE antibodies are described in recent review articles ( 9, 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)

This second round of selection will lead to our choice of the most powerful vectors for each tumour models. (europa.eu)
Subsequently, cells are transduced with CAR-encoding genes using (mostly) viral vectors. (nature.com)
Redirecting adenoviral vectors to tissue- or tumor-specific targets can be achieved by using bispecific conjugates produced by chemical linkage of an anti-adenovirus antibody (Ab) and a ligand or Ab directed toward a specific target. (wustl.edu)

TLR3 Antibody is a high quality research product used as Highly pure polyclonal antibody specific to human TRL3. (moleculardepot.com)
Highly pure polyclonal antibody specific to human TRL3. (moleculardepot.com)
A PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human IL-23 p19 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1716) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF109 ). (rndsystems.com)

Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. (nature.com)

Currently, two large classes of bispecific antibodies have been developed: immunoglobulin-like and small bispecific antibodies. (ens-lyon.fr)
Heavy chain diseases are neoplastic plasma cell disorders characterized by overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chains. (msdmanuals.com)
Detection of parvovirus DNA by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) assay or demonstration of parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies is diagnostic. (medscape.com)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
Antibody deficiencies are treated with intravenous immunoglobulin substitution therapy. (lu.se)

The main project of the Li lab is to elucidate the signaling pathways responsible for maintaining and initiating brain tumor growth. (stanford.edu)
Through our collaboration with Genmab, we are bringing together our combined antibody discovery, development and commercialization expertise to unlock insights on the disease pathways that we will address. (biotechnology.report)

OXS-1550 has demonstrated success in early human clinical trials in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma or leukemia. (gtbiopharma.com)
It has been estimated that up to 40% of cases where B-cell malignancies relapse or are refractory to CD19 targeting autologous CAR-T therapy may involve antigen escape. (biotechnology.report)
P-CD19CD20-ALLO1 will be evaluated in a Phase 1 multi-center, open-label, dose-escalation study that will enroll up to 70 adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. (biotechnology.report)

This review further emphasizes the diversified cross-talk between γδ T cells and other immune cells. (explorationpub.com)
In addition, suppressor immune cells such as FOXP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert dominant immune suppression to control autoreactive T and B cells. (frontiersin.org)
2) T cell deficiencies affect the function in killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. (lu.se)

Tumors from these patients will be used for peptide ligandome analyses, predictive in-situ biomarker analysis by immunohistochemistry, MALDI-TOF imaging mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing (RNAseq). (unimedizin-mainz.de)
It is selective for peptide bonds with aromatic or large hydrophobic side chains on the carboxyl side of this bond. (nih.gov)

Background Anti(α)-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monotherapy fails to provide durable clinical benefit for most patients with carcinoma. (bmj.com)

and 5) minor changes to the recommendations about vaccination during pregnancy and vaccination of internationally adopted children, in accordance with new ACIP vaccine-specific recommendations for use of inactivated influenza vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine. (cdc.gov)
The most recent ACIP recommendations for each specific vaccine should be consulted for comprehensive discussion. (cdc.gov)

The process for administering CAR T-cell therapy is complex, with multiple steps including CAR T-cell manufacturing, lymphodepleting chemotherapy, cellular therapy infusion, and management of short-term and long-term toxicities. (ajmc.com)
Pharmacists are intricately involved in the process of providing CAR T-cell therapy both at the organizational level of budgeting and coordinating therapy and in direct patient care roles providing counseling and support for adverse effect management. (ajmc.com)
Research in CAR T-cell therapy is expected to improve tolerability and expand indications to more types of malignancies and earlier phases of disease. (ajmc.com)
Managed care professionals should have an understanding of the clinical trial data and place in therapy in lymphoma, myeloma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as guideline recommendations for adverse effect management associated with CAR T-cell therapies. (ajmc.com)
In addition, challenges related to manufacturing a patient-specific product, need for inpatient administration in a tertiary care setting, high costs and inadequate reimbursement have limited access to CAR T-cell therapy. (ajmc.com)
Most CAR-T cell-based gene therapy products that are under clinical evaluation consist of autologous enriched T cells, whereas CAR-NK cell-based approaches can be generated from allogeneic donors. (nature.com)
An autologous CAR-T or NK cell therapy comprises several steps as shown in Fig. 1 . (nature.com)
Of note, CD19, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD123, and CD269 as ideal targets have shown extraordinary potential for CAR-T cell therapy and other targets such as CD23 and SLAMF7 have brought promising future for clinical trials. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, we will review the disadvantages of CAR-T cell therapy and propose several comprehensive recommendations which might guide its development. (hindawi.com)
In the context of cell therapy trials, the definition of biomarkers can be extended to include a description of parameters of the cell product that are important for product bioactivity. (biomedcentral.com)
This review will focus on biomarker studies as they relate to T cell therapy trials, and more specifically: i. (biomedcentral.com)
An overview and description of categories and classes of biomarkers that are specifically relevant to T cell therapy trials, and ii. (biomedcentral.com)
Ensuring the safety and tumorigenicity of cell therapy products to limit adverse reactions from the host immune system and prevent tumor formation. (medicaltrend.org)
Clinical studies have shown that many patients do not adequately respond to monospecific therapy, and often resistance to the treatment or tumor reemission has been observed. (ens-lyon.fr)
We are pleased to receive IND clearance for P-CD19CD20-ALLO1, our third fully allogeneic CAR-T cell product candidate and the second therapy in our partnership with Roche for hematological malignancies that will enter the clinic. (biotechnology.report)
We believe this represents the FDA's first known IND clearance of an allogeneic dual CAR-T therapy targeting CD19 and CD20,' said Kristin Yarema, Ph.D., President, Cell Therapy at Poseida. (biotechnology.report)

Bispecifically binds CD20 and CD3 to engage T-cells. (wikipedia.org)
We now demonstrate that co-expressing an anti-RAS heavy chain single VH domain, that binds to mutant RAS several thousand times more strongly than to wild type RAS, with a complementary light chain VL domain, caused programmed cell death (PCD) in mutant RAS expressing cells when each variable region is fused to procaspase-3. (whiterose.ac.uk)

In this review, we are going to take a closer look at the commercial CAR-T cell therapies, as well as on CAR-T and CAR-NK cell products, which are currently under evaluation in clinical trials, that are being conducted in Germany. (nature.com)
Candidate anti-BCMA CARs were introduced into T cells via lentiviral vector technology, and the transduced T cells expanded using a scalable clinical manufacturing process. (bmj.com)
The use of target specific antibodies to directly target the tumors has shown promising results in human clinical trials. (chaseawayk9cancer.org)
Cell-based therapies, involving the use of cells as active agents to treat diseases, have experienced explosive growth in both clinical applications and the pharmaceutical market in recent years. (medicaltrend.org)
However, despite recent significant clinical and commercial success, cell-based therapies still face numerous challenges, limiting their widespread translation and commercialization. (medicaltrend.org)
Moreover, miltuximab, a chimeric anti-GPC1 antibody, was shown to be safe and well tolerated when radiolabeled in a clinical trial 21 . (nature.com)
However, the clinical application of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells has certain limitations. (explorationpub.com)
Heavy chain diseases are considered in patients with clinical manifestations suggesting lymphoproliferative disorders. (msdmanuals.com)

However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, the on-target/off-tumor toxicity can pose significant risks. (ijbs.com)

At present, the phenotypic heterogeneity and functional variation of human γδ T cells are increasing. (explorationpub.com)

Î³Î´ T cells from MDV-infected chickens exhibited cytotoxic activity. (bvsalud.org)

While effective, broad use of CAR T-cell therapies is limited by potential for life-threatening toxicities, challenges related to manufacturing a patient-specific product, high costs and inadequate reimbursement, and incomplete or unsustained disease response. (ajmc.com)
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary brain tumor in humans, and it is essential that new and better therapies are developed to treat this disease. (stanford.edu)
How to Design the Next Generation of Cell Therapies? (medicaltrend.org)
Notably, some therapies have entered commercial applications, with the FDA approving tisagenlecleucel and Axicabtagene ciloleucel in 2017 for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), respectively. (medicaltrend.org)
Finally, due to the ability of cells to survive in the body, consume nutrients, and influence their external environment through the secretion of factors, cell-based therapies can be utilized for sustained long-term endogenous drug delivery. (medicaltrend.org)
Despite progress in cell therapies for various indications, developing new products remains a daunting task, requiring treatment strategies for specific diseases to overcome a series of significant challenges to successfully produce clinically and commercially viable products. (medicaltrend.org)
The success of these treatments provided evidence of the potential of cell therapies for disease, paving the way for the approval of treatments derived from human umbilical cord blood for hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) over the past few decades. (medicaltrend.org)
These products are widely used clinically, including various FDA-approved cell-based therapies. (medicaltrend.org)

Central tolerance occurs during lymphocyte development in the primary lymphoid organs (i.e. thymus and bone marrow), where T or B cell clones that recognize autoantigens with high-affinity are deleted. (frontiersin.org)
For example, patients with sickle cell anemia who already have chronic anemia may develop additional acute anemia due to bone marrow failure (aplastic crisis). (medscape.com)
Leukocytes are produced in stem cells in bone marrow. (lu.se)

In the absence of functional Btk, mature B cells that express surface Ig and the marker CD19 are few to absent. (medscape.com)

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone tumor in dogs occurring primarily in the long bones resulting in bone destruction, pain, lameness and metastasis primarily to the lungs. (chaseawayk9cancer.org)
N-809 was well-tolerated and reduced 4T1 lung metastasis, decreased MC38 tumor burden and increased survival versus N-803+αPD-L1. (bmj.com)

The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. (bdbiosciences.com)
Nearly all multiple myeloma tumor cells express BCMA, while normal tissue expression is restricted to plasma cells and a subset of mature B cells. (bmj.com)
These effects were partially mediated through enhanced TGF-β signaling, which contributes to tissue fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. (jci.org)
In the absence of mature B cells, patients lack lymphoid tissue and fail to develop plasma cells, the cells that manufacture antibodies. (medscape.com)
Germinal centers where B cells proliferate and differentiate are poorly developed in all lymphoid tissue, including the spleen. (medscape.com)

Overall, these novel effects of N-809 promote an inflamed TME, leading to lower tumor burden and increased survival. (bmj.com)

T cell immune protection plays a pivotal role in the treatment of patients with hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
However, T cell exhaustion might lead to the possibility of immune escape of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
Traditionally, the treatment of hematological malignancies is administrated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. (hindawi.com)
In addition, the isolation and storage of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells have been used to rebuild the immune system for the treatment of hematological malignancies and might be promising for the dynamic equilibrium expansion of functional T cells [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms14

Diseases30

Chemicals and Drugs97

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment54

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care5

Monoclonal antibodies10

Antigens16

Solid tumors9

Efficacy16

Receptor23

Molecules22

Therapeutic20

Fragments9

Lymphocytes10

Microenvironment7

Immunotherapy8

Bispecific T-cell-engager3

Recombinant7

Fragment7

Receptors8

Proteins7

Anti-tumor activity1

Specificity3

Necrosis factor3

Effector8

Macrophages8

Tissues8

Vivo9

Mice11

Vitro8

Cancer23

Molecule3

Cytotoxicity2

Abstract1

Malignant4

Apoptosis2

Responses9

Proliferation6

Cytokines4

Progression2

Brain tumors1

Mediate1

Adoptive1

ScFv antibodies1

Epitopes3

BiTE3

Vectors3

Polyclonal antibody3

Therapeutics1

Immunoglobulin5

Pathways2

Refractory3

Immune cells3

Peptide2

Ligand1

Vaccine2

Therapy16

Binds2

Clinical8

Toxicity2

Heterogeneity1

Cytotoxic activity1

Therapies8

Bone marrow3

CD191

Metastasis2

Tissue5

Survival1

Malignancies4