Cells brain. Medical search. Frequent questions

There are an estimated 100 billion neurons in the human brain. (wikipedia.org)
These circuits, whether made of silicon, metal or organic materials, work less like those in digital computers and more like the networks of neurons in the human brain. (bigthink.com)

In a study published this month in Science Advances , researchers from Osaka University discovered a small group of brain cells in the claustrum of mice that controls stress-induced anxiety behaviors. (eurekalert.org)
When these cells were activated using chemogenetic technology, mice exhibited anxiety-related behaviors, whereas deactivation of the cells made mice more resilient against chronic stress. (eurekalert.org)
Using the FAST technique, the team collected whole-brain images of control mice and mice exposed to these stressful conditions. (eurekalert.org)
The scientists found that when these cells were switched off, the mice stopped producing fear-related behaviors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Conversely, when these cells were switched on, mice behaved anxiously, despite being in a safe area. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Immune cells in the brain trigger overeating and weight gain in response to diets rich in fat, according to a new study in mice. (sciencedaily.com)
Newswise - Los Angeles (July 8, 2021) -- " This immune activity is detectable in laboratory mice even before damage to the brain occurs, so the finding could eventually lead to treatments that slow or even stop disease progression at an early stage," said Deepti Lall, PhD, lead author of the study and project scientist in the Regenerative Medicine Institute at Cedars-Sinai. (newswise.com)
When researchers analyzed the brains of these mice, they discovered that the microglial cells were in a hyper-active state, clearing away waste products, but also engulfing parts of neurons called synapses, which are required for learning and memory. (newswise.com)
In their study - whose findings feature in Nature Neuroscience - the investigators worked with mice to find out more about how microglia, which are the immune cells that "service" the brain, perform their maintenance work during sleep. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Scientists have been able to rejuvenate stem cells in the brain of aging mice. (sciencedaily.com)
The revitalized stem cells improve the regeneration of injured or diseased areas in the brain of old mice. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists from the Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) of the University of Luxembourg and from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) have been able to rejuvenate stem cells in the brain of aging mice. (sciencedaily.com)
It was previously unknown why most of the stem cells in the brain of old mice remain in a state of quiescence. (sciencedaily.com)
From their computational model, the researchers at the LCSB identified a molecule called sFRP5 that keeps the neuronal stem cells inactive in old mice, and prevents proliferation by blocking the Wnt pathway crucial for cell differentiation. (sciencedaily.com)
Then the long-standing expertise in neural stem cells of the collaborators at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) came in: Studying stem cells first in a dish and then later directly in mice, they could experimentally validate the computational prediction. (sciencedaily.com)
With the deactivation of sFRP5, the cells undergo a kind of rejuvenation," del Sol says: "As a result, the ratio of active to dormant stem cells in the brain of old mice becomes almost as favourable as in young animals. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the University Medical Center Mannheim (UMM) successfully tested a new form of cellular immunotherapy against brain tumors in mice for the first time. (dkfz.de)
Brain tumor-bearing mice treated with transgenic NLGN4X-specific human T cells had a greater than 40 percent response to treatment. (dkfz.de)
The Zika virus might not just harm the brain of the developing foetus - it could also affect parts of the adult brain, a new study in mice suggests. (cosmosmagazine.com)
To test this theory, the team monitored the brains of mice infected with Zika, using glowing biomarkers to track the virus and measure affected areas of the brain. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Scientists reached this conclusion after demonstrating that when transplanted into mice, these human cells could influence communication within the brain, allowing the animals to learn more rapidly. (rochester.edu)
In this image of the brain of the transplanted mice, the human astrocytes appear in green. (rochester.edu)
The research team decided to determine if human glial cells might provide the human brain with unique capabilities by seeing what happened when these cells were allowed to co-exist with the normal nerve cells of mice. (rochester.edu)
They then transplanted these cells into the brains of neonatal mice. (rochester.edu)
As the mice matured, the human glial cells outcompeted the host's native glial cells, while at the same time leaving the existing neural network intact. (rochester.edu)
The human glia cells essentially took over to the point where virtually all of the glial progenitor cells and a large proportion of the astrocytes in the mice were of human origin, and essentially developed and behaved as they would have in a person's brain," said Goldman. (rochester.edu)
Moreover, several studies from Dr. Hegde's group and others showed that when too much of a cell's PrP is exposed to the cytoplasm in laboratory mice, they develop brain deterioration. (nih.gov)
The similarity in brain pathology between the Mahogunin mutant mice and that seen in prion diseases suggested to us that there might be a connection," Dr. Hegde said. (nih.gov)
The team knew Ly6C hi cells were present in a region of the brain's hippocampus called the dentate gyrus (DG) that builds new cells as mice learn new things. (icr.org)
When mice or men get an infection, these cells also help activate body defenses. (icr.org)
Mice that consumed probiotics or exercised on a running wheel reinvigorated their Ly6C hi cell population and hippocampus brain activity. (icr.org)
The scientists report that initial experiments in which they implanted prototypes into the brains of mice were successful. (optics.org)
In mice, a fatal brainstem tumor was cleared by injecting it with engineered T cells that recognized the cancer and targeted it for destruction. (stanford.edu)
In mice whose brainstems were implanted with human DIPG, engineered immune cells known as chimeric antigen receptor T cells - or CAR-T cells - were able to eliminate tumors, leaving very few residual cancer cells. (stanford.edu)
When the brains of the mice were examined via immunostaining after treatment, the animals had, on average, a few dozen cancer cells left, compared with tens of thousands of cancer cells in animals that received a control treatment. (stanford.edu)
However, some mice experienced dangerous levels of brain swelling, a side effect of the immune response triggered by the engineered cells, the researchers said, adding that extreme caution will be needed to introduce the approach in human clinical trials. (stanford.edu)
Crystal Mackall says she is encouraged that the work in mice showed that engineered immune cells called CAR-T cells were able to eradicate the tumors in mice. (stanford.edu)
Next, the team tested the GD2 CAR-T cells in mice whose brainstem was implanted with human DIPG tumors, an experimental system that Monje's lab pioneered. (stanford.edu)
Intrigued, Yale University School of Medicine neurobiologists Anthony van den Pol and Xiaobing Zhang used blue light to activate specially-treated neurons in the same brain region of mice, called the zona incerta. (scienceupdate.com)
Mice with the human cell transplants were smarter than normal mice, the researchers report. (nbcnews.com)
Researchers who transplanted human brain cells into newborn mice said the rodents grew up to be smarter than their normal littermates, learning how to associate a tone with an electric shock more quickly and finding escape hatches faster. (nbcnews.com)
Writing in the journal Cell Stem Cell, Nedergaard and Goldman said they were trying to find ways to cure mice of multiple sclerosis, which is caused when nerve cells lose their fatty coating of myelin and stop working properly. (nbcnews.com)
They used immature cells called glial progenitor cells taken from aborted fetuses, infused them into the brains of newborn mice, and watched what happened. (nbcnews.com)
The human glial cells not only survived in the brains of the mice - they thrived, Goldman says. (nbcnews.com)
Again, the mice with human glial cells learned faster. (nbcnews.com)
To make sure it wasn't just the transplant of fresh cells that was improving learning, the researchers transplanted mouse progenitor glial cells into newborn mice. (nbcnews.com)
Goldman isn't worried that he is somehow making mice with human brains. (nbcnews.com)
There are many animals that carry human cells -- from the millions of lab mice injected with human tumor cells to study cancer, to sheep engineered to produce human liver cells. (nbcnews.com)
Dysfunctional neurons in the hippocampus of adult female mice modeling dementia can be repaired and reconnected to distant parts of the brain, reports a new study published in JNeurosci . (sfn.org)
In mice, chemically activating the cells and placing animals in a stimulating environment with running wheels and toys reversed the alterations and restore some of the connectivity disrupted by dementia. (sfn.org)
Using two types of specially engineered mice, they were able to specifically target and eliminate the stem cells that give rise to these new neurons in adults, while leaving other olfactory bulb cells intact. (nih.gov)
50 microm(2)) and micrometastases was counted in brain sections from nude mice that had been injected into the left cardiac ventricle with 231-BR cells and, beginning 5 days later, treated by oral gavage with lapatinib or vehicle (n = 22-26 mice per treatment group). (nih.gov)
The researchers then confirmed the presence of the genes involved in this by studying brain slices from adult mice. (newscientist.com)
The researchers then used a type of fluorescent microscopy technique called two-photon imaging to study glutamate release by these cells in the brains of the mice. (newscientist.com)
Caltech researchers have discovered rare brain cell types that are unique to male mice and other types that are unique to female mice. (phys.org)
What is more, an examination of the patterns of gene expression revealed that some of these 17 cell types are much more abundant in male mice than in females, while others are found only in females. (phys.org)
The research, an important step toward developing new treatments for stroke, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other neurological conditions showed that mice afflicted by stroke showed tangible therapeutic improvement following transplantation of these cells. (science20.com)
None of the mice formed tumors, which had been a major setback in prior attempts at stem cell transplantation. (science20.com)
We found that we could create new nerve cells from stem cells, transplant them effectively and make a positive difference in the behavior of the mice," said Dr. Lipton. (science20.com)
They then determined if the new cells could provide cognitive benefits to the stroke-afflicted mice. (science20.com)
In a detailed study of the neurons linking the eyes and brains of mice, biologists at UC San Diego discovered that the ability of our brains and those of other mammals to figure out and process directional movements is a result of the activation in the cortex of signals that originate from the direction-sensing cells in the retina of our eyes. (nih.gov)

To investigate this region in more detail, the scientists measured the output of hundreds of cells in mice's hippocampi while they went about their daily business. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The scientists then traced these cells as they traveled from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Scientists exploring how brain cells form have found evidence that RNA does a lot more, however. (sciencenews.org)
Now scientists have harvested such cells from the scalps and brain linings of human corpses and reprogrammed them into stem cells. (livescience.com)
Now scientists have taken fibroblasts from the scalps and the brain linings of 146 human brain donors and grown induced pluripotent stem cells from them as well. (livescience.com)
Scientists have investigated how pig brain cells behave after the animal has died. (newsweek.com)
Scientists have revived the brain cells of dead pigs in a study that experts say calls into question our understanding of what makes an animal alive. (newsweek.com)
After pumping the brains with the liquid for six hours, the scientists noticed the activity of some molecules, cells and synapses were restored. (newsweek.com)
In general, heart-muscle cells may help repair an injured heart by replacing lost tissue, making them intriguing to scientists who study how lost or damaged tissue or organs could be regenerated . (livescience.com)
Scientists have created heart cells through other techniques before, including using embryonic stem cells and adult cells reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state. (livescience.com)
For instance, scientists have learned that the brain consolidates newly formed memories during sleep. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To find new, more effective treatment options for those affected, doctors and scientists are testing numerous immunotherapeutic approaches, including so-called "adoptive" T-cell therapies: This involves isolationg T cells from the patient, modifying them in the culture dish and transferring them back to the patient. (dkfz.de)
However, since only a few NLGN4X-specific T cells can be obtained in this way, which are not sufficient for cell therapy, the scientists resorted to a trick: they isolated the gene coding for the NLGN4X-specific T cell receptor. (dkfz.de)
Scientists say they infected cells in a lab with the Zika virus and found it selectively harmed a kind of cells in the brain's cortex, causing them to die, but didn't harm other cell types. (technologyreview.com)
In recent years scientists have begun to understand and appreciate the role that glia cells - and more specifically astrocytes - play in brain function. (rochester.edu)
The scientists first isolated human glial progenitors - the cells in the central nervous system that give rise to astrocytes - from brain tissue. (rochester.edu)
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health have gained a major insight into how the rogue protein responsible for mad cow disease and related neurological illnesses destroys healthy brain tissue. (nih.gov)
Publishing in Cell Reports , German and U.S. scientists asked why the same cells showed up both in mouse brain and gut. (icr.org)
German, Swiss scientists develop optical microimplant to alter and monitor brain activity. (optics.org)
Now scientists in Freiburg and Basel, Switzerland, have developed an implant that can genetically modify specific nerve cells, control them with light stimuli, and measure their electrical activity - all at the same time. (optics.org)
While scientists have for some time been able to mount neurons on multi-electrode arrays and read their activity, this is the first time that cells have been stimulated in a structured and meaningful way. (disabled-world.com)
In the past, models of the brain have been developed according to how computer scientists think the brain might work," Kagan says. (disabled-world.com)
By building a living model brain from basic structures, scientists will be able to experiment using real brain function rather than flawed analogous models like a computer. (disabled-world.com)
A new study from MSK scientists shows how to dramatically decrease the time it takes to produce these important cells. (mskcc.org)
The scientists found that the rats that were given intravenous PEG within 4 hours after brain injury had a better recovery than the less fortunate rats. (medgadget.com)
To begin the research, the scientists screened human DIPG tumor cultures for surface molecules that could act as targets for CAR-T cells. (stanford.edu)
Scientists have discovered the preserved brain cells of a man who died during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. (unexplained-mysteries.com)
Now scientists studying the remains of a man who was found in the 1960s on a wooden bed in the nearby town of Herculaneum has revealed - for the first time - preserved brain cells turned into a glass-like material by the searing temperature of the eruption combined with the rapid cooling that followed immediately after. (unexplained-mysteries.com)
NIH scientists find that restocking new cells in the brain's center for smell maintains crucial circuitry. (nih.gov)
For decades, scientists thought that neurons in the brain were born only during the early development period and could not be replenished. (nih.gov)
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) report that newly formed brain cells in the mouse olfactory system - the area that processes smells - play a critical role in maintaining proper connections. (nih.gov)
Some scientists are studying human brain organoids outside of animals. (co.ke)
Scientists have transplanted human brain cells into the brains of baby rats, where the cells grew and formed connections. (co.ke)
To make the brain organoids, Stanford University scientists transformed human skin cells into stem cells and then coaxed them to become several types of brain cells. (co.ke)
Scientists transplanted those organoids into rat pups 2 to 3 days old, a stage when brain connections are still forming. (co.ke)
To examine a practical use of this approach, scientists transplanted organoids into both sides of a rat's brain: one generated from a healthy person's cells and another from the cells of a person with Timothy syndrome, a rare genetic condition associated with heart problems and autism spectrum disorder. (co.ke)
That could take some time, because not only was this study done on mouse cells, but the scientists also aren't 100 percent sure how the process works. (discovermagazine.com)
When scientists convert adult cells to an embryonic state, they can just strip out epigenetic markers (overlying mechanisms that determine which stretches of DNA are active in the cell, and therefore how the cell will function). (discovermagazine.com)
Scientists at the Burnham Institute for Medical Research have, for the first time, genetically programmed embryonic stem (ES) cells to become nerve cells when transplanted into the brain, according to a study published today in The Journal of Neuroscience. (science20.com)
The good news is scientists have discovered that you can grow new brain cells throughout your life. (davidwolfe.com)

Brain cells make up the functional tissue of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
The rest of the brain tissue is structural or connective called the stroma which includes blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
In other words, dead people can yield living cells that can be converted into any cell or tissue in the body. (livescience.com)
Mature cells can be made or induced to become immature cells, known as pluripotent stem cells , which have the ability to become any tissue in the body and potentially can replace cells destroyed by disease or injury. (livescience.com)
Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals, and they synthesize the extracellular matrix, the complex scaffolding between cells. (livescience.com)
Treatment generally involves working with a person's remaining healthy brain tissue to help rehabilitate mobility, motor and other skills," they wrote. (newsweek.com)
They divide and the resulting cells develop into specific tissue cells, forming the brain, lungs or bone marrow. (sciencedaily.com)
It is found in large quantities in glioblastoma cells, but is virtually undetectable in healthy brain tissue. (dkfz.de)
A wide range of cell types and tissue models can be derived from hiPSCs to study complex human diseases. (nih.gov)
Site-directed ncAA mutagenesis will open a wide range of applications to probe and manipulate proteins in brain organoids and other hiPSC-derived cell types and complex tissue models. (nih.gov)
Compared to control subjects, the researchers observed strikingly similar alterations in newborn neurons from their mouse model and from human brain tissue of patients with frontotemporal dementia. (sfn.org)
The evidence of a rapid drop of temperature - witnessed by the vitrified brain tissue - is a unique feature of the volcanic processes occurring during the eruption, as it could provide relevant information for possible interventions by civil protection authorities during the initial stages of a future eruption," said study lead author Pier Paolo Petrone from the University Federico II in Naples. (unexplained-mysteries.com)
The study analysed brain samples from 26 people who had died of COVID-19, finding that samples from five of these individuals exhibited tissue damage. (hindustantimes.com)
The study shows the spectrum of cerebral impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, ranging from long-term alterations in mildly infected individuals (orbitofrontal cortical atrophy, neurocognitive impairment, excessive fatigue and anxiety symptoms) to severe acute damage confirmed in brain tissue samples extracted from the orbitofrontal region (via endonasal transethmoidal access) from individuals who died of COVID-19. (hindustantimes.com)
Brain tissue samples from these five patients also exhibited foci of SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, particularly in astrocytes. (hindustantimes.com)
Approaches that don't involve taking tissue out of the human brain are "promising avenues in trying to tackle these conditions. (co.ke)
For example, researchers at ETH Zurich in Switzerland published a study in Nature earlier this month describing how they are growing brain-like tissue from stem cells in the lab and then mapping the cell types in various brain regions and genes regulating their development. (co.ke)
Intrinsically, ischemic stroke indicates the cascade of congesting events, i.e., thrombus formation and embolism, that ultimately decreases the local blood flow and cause oxygen deprivation in affected brain tissue. (hindawi.com)
To better understand how these repetitive genetic sequences influence brain development, researchers analyzed both fetal and adult brain tissue samples. (lu.se)

To perform the experiment, the research team took mouse cells from embryonic brains as well as some human brain cells derived from stem cells and grew them on top of microelectrode arrays that could both stimulate them and read their activity. (disabled-world.com)
Four years ago, when researchers figured out how to turn adult cells back into a pluripotent state, where they can then become any cell type in the body, it opened up many new research avenues (and raised hopes of getting around the controversy that dogged embryonic stem cell research). (discovermagazine.com)

We needed to show that value signals in a particular brain region guide choices. (news-medical.net)
This research shows that the signals in our brain that modulate the sleep and awake state also act as a switch that turns the immune system off and on. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Altogether, this research also shows that microglia are exquisitely sensitive to signals that modulate brain function and that microglial dynamics and functions are modulated by the behavioral state of the animal," Stowell adds. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers developed a double-blind study in which 15 young male volunteers were exposed to EMF signals from a GSM 900 cell phone for 45 minutes. (eurekalert.org)
The team then set out to examine the functional impact that these cells had on the animals' brains, specifically the speed and retention of signals between cells in the brain and its plasticity - the ability of the brain to form new memories and learn new tasks. (rochester.edu)
The Cell Reports authors wrote, "Therefore, we hypothesized the presence of a common mediator, which signals from the periphery to the brain, and that this messenger is affected by antibiosis and can be restored by exercise and probiotic treatment. (icr.org)
But to make brain emulations, we need only find models that can substitute for what brain cells do for brains: take input signals, change internal states, and then send output signals. (overcomingbias.com)
Salleo and other researchers have created electronic devices using these soft organic materials that can act like transistors (which amplify and switch electrical signals) and memory cells (which store information) and other basic electronic components. (bigthink.com)
Tests in lab dishes showed the mouse brains with human cells transmitted signals much more quickly than normal mouse brains. (nbcnews.com)
Neurons in the olfactory bulb sort that information and relay the signals to the rest of the brain, at which point we become aware of the smells we are experiencing. (nih.gov)
There are many different types of cells within the brain , such as neurons that transmit signals and glial cells that support neural functions. (phys.org)
Performing intricate electrical studies, Dr. Lipton's investigative team showed that the new nerve cells, derived from the stem cells, could send and receive proper electrical signals to the rest of the brain. (science20.com)

Glia are the supporting cells of the neurons and have many functions not all of which are clearly understood, but include providing support and nutrients to the neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Glia are grouped into macroglia of astrocytes, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes, and much smaller microglia. (wikipedia.org)
Brain cell types are the functional neurons, and supporting glia. (wikipedia.org)
Glial cells greatly outnumber neurons and apart from their supporting role to neurons, glia - astrocytes in particular have been acknowledged as being able to communicate with neurons involving a signalling process similar to neurotransmission called gliotransmission. (wikipedia.org)
The study, out today in the journal Cell Stem Cell , suggests that the evolution of a subset of glia called astrocytes - which are larger and more complex in humans than other species - may have been one of the key events that led to the higher cognitive functions that distinguish us from other species. (rochester.edu)
Their findings also support the growing theory that glia cells, one of the important components of the brain's so-called white matter, are far from being passive support cells and are in fact actively involved in brain function. (nbcnews.com)
So here we have these brains where most of the glia are human. (nbcnews.com)
But two decades ago, Andrea Volterra , now at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, and his colleagues announced that they had discovered that some glia could also use synaptic-like transmission to communicate with other cells . (newscientist.com)
It is unclear why the brain needs glia that communicate via synaptic transmission, says Volterra. (newscientist.com)
Autophagy in neural stem cells and glia for brain health and diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Only recently, studies have begun to shed light on autophagy regulation in glia ( microglia , astrocyte , and oligodendrocyte ) in the brain . (bvsalud.org)

Making "scents" of new cells in the brain's odor-processing area Adult-born cells travel through the thin rostral migratory stream before settling into the olfactory bulb, the large structure in the upper right of the image. (nih.gov)
Those cells then multiplied to form organoids resembling the cerebral cortex, the human brain's outermost layer, which plays a key role in things like memory, thinking, learning, reasoning and emotions. (co.ke)
The team specifically looked at cells in the brain's hippocampus region, because this is where the previous research claimed to have spotted non-neuronal synaptic transmission. (newscientist.com)

Researchers produced pluripotent stem cells from the fibroblast cells in the brain lining of human corpses. (livescience.com)
Cadaver-collected fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells using chemicals known as growth factors that are linked with stem cell activity. (livescience.com)
Successfully reprogramming induced pluripotent stem cells so they behave like the cells they are meant to replace means that samples of the mimicked cells must be present for comparison. (livescience.com)
Studying how induced pluripotent stem cells develop into various tissues could also shed light on disorders that are due to malfunctions in development. (livescience.com)
Cortical neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells visualized with a fluorescent marker indicating their identity. (mskcc.org)
The approach relies on what are called human pluripotent stem cells - versatile cells that can differentiate into any type of cell in the body. (mskcc.org)
Such stem cells can be obtained from a developing embryo or produced by turning back the developmental clock of adult cells, in which case they are called induced pluripotent stem cells. (mskcc.org)
But making these induced pluripotent stem cells is a complex process. (discovermagazine.com)

The study was conducted by Oishee Chakrabarti, Ph.D. and Ramanujan S. Hegde, M.D., Ph.D., of the NICHD Cell Biology and Metabolism Program. (nih.gov)
Further analysis of damaged brain samples revealed that astrocytes, which are brain cells that sustain neuronal metabolism, were particularly likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and that the virus enters these cells through the NRP1 receptor. (hindustantimes.com)
Glial cells have attained relatively less consideration despite their unquestioned influence on various aspects of neural development, synaptic function, brain metabolism , cellular debris clearing, and restoration of damaged or injured tissues . (bvsalud.org)

Neural stem cells, neurons and brain organoids derived from the engineered hiPSCs continue to express the amber suppression machinery and produce ncAA-bearing reporter. (nih.gov)
Autophagy facilities the utilization of energy and the microenvironment for developing neural stem cells . (bvsalud.org)
Autophagy also plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of stemness and homeostasis in neural stem cells during essential brain physiology and also in the instigation and progression of diseases . (bvsalud.org)
Thus, this review composes pertinent information regarding the involvement of autophagy in neural stem cells and glial regulation and the role of this connexion in normal brain functions, neurodevelopmental disorders , and neurodegenerative diseases . (bvsalud.org)

A study shows how SARS-COV-2 infects brain cells called astrocytes, causing structural changes in the brain. (hindustantimes.com)

A Melbourne-led team has for the first time shown that 800,000 brain cells living in a dish can perform goal-directed tasks - in this case, the simple tennis-like computer game, Pong. (disabled-world.com)

As such, this work could help lead to novel stem cell therapies and shed light on a variety of mental disorders, such as schizophrenia , autism and bipolar disorder, which may stem from problems with development, researchers say. (livescience.com)
Cells from corpses might play a key role in developing future stem cell therapies . (livescience.com)
The researchers expect that their approach will provide fresh impetus in regenerative medicine and facilitate the development of stem cell therapies. (sciencedaily.com)
Our results constitute an important step towards the implementation of stem cell-based therapies, for instance for neurodegenerative diseases," Antonio del Sol says. (sciencedaily.com)
According to the scientist, it is also conceivable to generate T cell receptor transgenic cell therapies against patient-individual cancer antigens. (dkfz.de)
Much more advanced in clinical development than T-cell receptor transgenic cells are cellular therapies using so-called CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor) cells, which have already been approved for the treatment of various leukemias and lymphomas. (dkfz.de)
In CAR-T therapies now used in humans, some of the patient's own immune cells are removed, engineered to attack a surface antigen on the cancer cells, and returned to the patient's body, where they target the cancer cells for destruction. (stanford.edu)
Recently, a growing number of studies are focusing on mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. (hindawi.com)
To move forward with stem cell-based therapies, we need to have a reliable source of nerve cells that can be easily grown, differentiate in the way that we want them to and remain viable after transplantation," said Dr. Lipton. (science20.com)
This review will provide insight into establishing a concrete strategic approach for investigating pathological mechanisms and developing therapies for brain diseases . (bvsalud.org)

Cadavers can provide brain, heart and other tissues for study that researchers cannot safely obtain from living people. (livescience.com)
But the new study suggests that brain-resident immune cells called microglia could also be targets for obesity treatments that might avoid many side effects of the obesity drugs currently in clinical use. (sciencedaily.com)
Microglia are not neurons, but they account for 10 to 15 percent of the cells in the brain," said Suneil Koliwad, MD, PhD, assistant professor of medicine at the UCSF Diabetes Center, and a co-senior author of the new study. (sciencedaily.com)
The brains of mammals can suffer irreversible damage within seconds if blood flow and oxygen is cut off, the authors of the study published in the journal Nature explained. (newsweek.com)
In fact, study co-author Stephen R. Latham, director of Yale's Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics, explained in a press briefing that the team worked hard to ensure the brains did not regain consciousness due to ethical problems this would raise. (newsweek.com)
The technique could also make it easier to study the brains of mammals, they said. (newsweek.com)
The gene helps brain cells remove and clear waste products, and our study provides novel insight into how C90rf72 mutation affects microglial cells, the resident immune cells of the brain. (newswise.com)
What's new about this approach for heart-cell generation is that we directly converted one cell type to another using RNA, without an intermediate step," said James Eberwine, a professor of pharmacology at the University of Pennsylvania and a study researcher. (livescience.com)
According to Prof. Majewska and colleagues' new study, these cells are also active during sleep, attending to regular "wear and tear. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Their study reports the effects of EMF exposure on brain physiology for the first time. (eurekalert.org)
Lukas Bunse, a scientist at the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and a physician at the University Medical Center Mannheim, relies on the comparatively new concept of "T cell receptor transgenic cells" in his current study: To this end, brain tumor patients were first inoculated with an antigenic fragment of the protein NLGN4X (Neuroligin4X). (dkfz.de)
Dec 7, 2004 - A new study disputes the long held belief that alcohol slays brain cells. (realbeer.com)
Now, a new study by researchers at Rockefeller University and La Jolla Institute in San Diego suggests the virus might also put adult brains at serious risk. (cosmosmagazine.com)
To study brain diseases, researchers need to produce abundant quantities of cortical neurons, which take a long time to develop naturally. (mskcc.org)
A new study from researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering provides a quick and easy way to speed up development of cortical neurons , the cells making up the thinking parts of the brain. (mskcc.org)
The new approach provides a powerful tool to study these brain-centric diseases by producing the elusive cortical neuron. (mskcc.org)
Engineered human immune cells can vanquish a deadly pediatric brain tumor in a mouse model, a study from the Stanford University School of Medicine has demonstrated. (stanford.edu)
Australia's Office of National Intelligence, the equivalent of the US Director of National Intelligence, is funding a project to study ways of merging human brain cells with artificial intelligence . (zerohedge.com)
Meanwhile, Elon Musk's Neuralink has had FDA approval to study brain implants in humans since May. (zerohedge.com)
The researchers say the four types of waveforms turned up in the three different brain regions they tested, in both study subjects. (ieee.org)
The experiments are aimed at making models to study human brain diseases such as Huntington's and schizophrenia, as well as nerve diseases such as multiple sclerosis. (nbcnews.com)
Daniel Martins-de-Souza and colleagues used MRI to compare brain structure in 81 study participants recovering from a mild COVID-19 infection and 81 healthy individuals. (hindustantimes.com)
In this study, we provide evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is found in the human brain, where it infects astrocytes and to a lesser extent, neurons. (hindustantimes.com)
This is a surprising new role for brain stem cells and changes the way we view them," said Leonardo Belluscio, Ph.D., a scientist at NIH's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and lead author of the study. (nih.gov)
It's part of an effort to better study human brain development and diseases affecting this most complex of organs, which makes us who we are but has long been shrouded in mystery. (co.ke)
Many disorders such as autism and schizophrenia are likely uniquely human" but "the human brain certainly has not been very accessible," said said Dr. Sergiu Pasca, senior author of a study describing the work, published Wednesday in the journal Nature. (co.ke)
Researchers, whose study was funded partly by the National Institutes of Health, said they could do the same sorts of experiments using organoids made from the cells of people with disorders such as autism or schizophrenia - and potentially learn new things about how these conditions affect the brain, too. (co.ke)
Previous studies were only able to examine 10 percent of the transcripts in each cell, whereas this study looked at a larger proportion of transcripts. (phys.org)
The objective of this study was to provide a generalized critique for the role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke injury, its underlying mechanisms, and constraints on its preclinical and clinical applications. (hindawi.com)
The recent decade has seen encouraging outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell therapy that holds promise to alleviate the burden of neurological disorders Moreover, initial study data of preclinical trials have also indicated the effectiveness, tolerance, and safety of MSC-based therapy [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
We aim to provide the basis for establishing a future study to promote the clinical translation of stem cell therapy in ischemic brain diseases. (hindawi.com)
Interestingly, the study team found significant SARS-Cov-2 infection of the astrocytes - star-shaped neural cells that hold neurons in place and help with their proper functioning while the other neural cell types showed minimal infection in the brain. (aku.edu)
The results of the study have been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer-reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), confirming the effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the human brain. (aku.edu)
In this study, researchers also discovered another interesting finding that unlike COVID-19 infection in other organs which uses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the entry point, the virus uses other receptors to enter and infect the brain. (aku.edu)
The study found that blood cells were also infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus at a lower level than astrocytes. (aku.edu)
This study contributes to the global effort to investigate underlying mechanisms causing brain-related symptoms with the COVID-19 virus. (aku.edu)
The aim of this work was to study its localization and molecular forms in primary cultures, where cell types can be easily distinguished with specific markers. (lu.se)
Researchers at Lund University have discovered that a specific group of genetic elements in our DNA influence the development of the human brain, their study was published in Science Advances. (lu.se)
Researchers at Lund University offer new insights in their latest study, published in Science Advances, detailing how a specific group of genetic elements have influenced the development of the human brain over time. (lu.se)
This approach helped us to address these highly repetitive sequences, usually masked in standard bioinformatics pipelines, allowing us to accurately measure LINE-1 expression in each cell type found in our samples," explains Raquel Garza, co-first author of the study. (lu.se)

The fluorescent biomarker (in green) revealed that the adult mouse brain could be infected by Zika in a region called the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. (cosmosmagazine.com)
The hippocampus generates new brain cells throughout life and is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. (sfn.org)
The researchers don't know how many of these cells can be found in the brain, or if they are mainly in the hippocampus. (newscientist.com)

It's still uncertain whether Zika is to blame for a scary increase in infants with small brains, but now researchers say they think they know how it could happen. (technologyreview.com)
While it's not known exactly how Zika leads to microcephaly, the research team hypothesised that this progression could also potentially play out in stem cells in the adult brain. (cosmosmagazine.com)
The long-term effects of Zika on adult brains are still unknown, and the team says more research is needed to ascertain whether the mouse model echoes the virus' effect on humans. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Bunse's team then demonstrated that the NLGN4X-specific T cells are able to kill brain tumor cells in the culture dish. (dkfz.de)
The brain is increasingly being recognized as a sanctuary site for metastatic tumor cells in women with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer who receive trastuzumab therapy. (nih.gov)
However, the smaller the residual mass, the lower the chance that it harbors viable tumor cells. (medscape.com)

Progenitor cells are partly along the path to from undefined to "adult" cells, and seem to have a better ability to flourish when transplanted. (nbcnews.com)
Using MEF2C, the researchers created colonies of pure neuronal progenitor cells, a stage of development that occurs before becoming a nerve cell, with no tumors. (science20.com)
As a result, we were able to produce neuronal progenitor cells that differentiate into a virtually pure population of neurons and survive inside the brain. (science20.com)
The next step was to determine whether the transplanted neural progenitor cells became nerve cells that integrated into the existing network of nerve cells in the brain. (science20.com)

ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, damages nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, and is diagnosed in 5,000 people in the U.S. each year. (newswise.com)
Activating and deactivating individual nerve cells in the brain is something many neuroscientists want to do, as it would help them to better understand how the brain works. (optics.org)
The team was able to influence the activity of nerve cells in the brain in a controlled manner by means of laser light pulses. (optics.org)

The three types of glial cells are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, known collectively as macroglia, and the smaller scavenger cells known as microglia. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers at URMC have been pioneers in unlocking the secrets of astrocytes and demonstrating that they not only serve to support the neurons in the brain, but also communicate with neurons and each other. (rochester.edu)
Astrocytes are far more abundant, larger, and diverse in the human brain compared to other species. (rochester.edu)
It was this observation that suggested that human astrocytes might play a significant role in integrating and coordinating the more complex signaling activity found in human brains, and hence help regulate our higher cognitive functions. (rochester.edu)
Once infected, astrocytes exhibited altered levels of metabolites used to fuel neurons and neurotransmitter production, and the infected cells secreted neurotoxic molecules. (hindustantimes.com)
Supporting the hypothesis of astrocyte infection, neural stem cell-derived human astrocytes in vitro are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection through a noncanonical mechanism that involves spike-NRP1 interaction. (hindustantimes.com)
The researchers have coined these cells glutamatergic astrocytes. (newscientist.com)
These cells are a little bit like astrocytes and a little bit like neurons," says Volterra. (newscientist.com)
This suggests that astrocytes are more susceptible to infection compared to other neural cell types. (aku.edu)
They found interaction with receptors DPP4 and CD147 in infected astrocytes suggesting that they are also involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human brain. (aku.edu)
DPP4 is abundantly expressed in astrocytes before virus infection, suggesting it may be a key receptor in astrocyte infection," says Dr Jahan Salma, Assistant Professor at AKU's Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research. (aku.edu)
Astrocytes are a major component of the central nervous system (CNS), comprising more than 60% of cells in the human brain, and regulate many functions in the developing and adult brain. (aku.edu)
Astrocytes play a major role in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), regulation of neurotransmitters, control metabolic support, and inflammation in neurons. (aku.edu)
Blood cells are present adjacent to astrocytes which are important in BBB formation and protection of the brain from any harmful molecule entries. (aku.edu)
These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may have the ability to infect astrocytes via a leaky BBB route which causes disruptions in astrocytes role that can severely impact the overall brain function resulting in seizures, inability to control motor function, and other neurological symptoms. (aku.edu)
Double-staining studies with specific cell markers to distinguish astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes were performed. (lu.se)

By binding to a single protein, the RNA turns on dozens of neuron-specific genes, researchers report in the March 19 Cell . (sciencenews.org)
The presence of the heart-cell proteins influenced the expression of genes and encouraged the production of more heart-cell proteins. (livescience.com)
The researchers analysed data on the production by genes in mouse cells of RNA molecules, which are intermediates in protein production, to see if they could find the protein complexes required for synaptic transmission in cells other than neurons. (newscientist.com)
Although all of these cells contain the same set of genes , or genome, the types of cells differ in how they express those genes. (phys.org)
It was known that different genes are expressed in the two mouse sexes-indeed, a genetic test can tell you whether a mouse is male or female-but this is the first discovery of types of cells that are sex-specific in a mammalian brain. (phys.org)
Cells are considered to be distinct types when the expression of large clusters of genes varies from cell to cell. (phys.org)
They induced the change by inserting only three genes into cultured skin cells. (discovermagazine.com)
MEF2C is a transcription factor that turns on specific genes which then drive stem cells to become nerve cells. (science20.com)
MEF2C helps this process first by turning on the genes that, when expressed, make stem cells into nerve cells. (science20.com)
It then turns on other genes that keep those new nerve cells from dying. (science20.com)

A new paper published in the Journal of Biological Engineering describes an experiment in which poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) was used to minimize traumatic brain injury in rats. (medgadget.com)
In the experiment weights were dropped on lab rats' heads (ouch) to cause the brain injury. (medgadget.com)

Neurons are the excitable cells of the brain that function by communicating with other neurons and interneurons (via synapses), in neural circuits and larger brain networks. (wikipedia.org)
The more synapses, the faster and better the brain works. (nbcnews.com)
This protein stimulates the production of another protein in the brain, known as BDNF, which promotes the growth of new nerves and synapses. (davidwolfe.com)
Exposing your skin to the natural sunlight allows your body to produce Vitamin D. Vitamin D increases the levels of BDNF in your brain - a protein that stimulates teh growth of new nerves and synapses. (davidwolfe.com)

Dong-Wook Kim et al, Multimodal Analysis of Cell Types in a Hypothalamic Node Controlling Social Behavior, Cell (2019). (phys.org)

A new type of brain cell, called a glutamatergic astrocyte, has been discovered. (newscientist.com)
COMT immunoreactivity colocalized with a specific oligodendrocyte marker galactocerebroside in cells displaying oligodendrocyte morphology, flat cells displaying type-1 astrocyte morphology and glial fibrillary acidic protein, in branched cells displaying type-2 astrocyte morphology and in cell bodies of neurons, the processes of which displayed neurofilament immunoreactivity. (lu.se)

The music metaphor is appropriate given what the team did next: They implanted the human neurons in developing mouse brains and followed their growth using a powerful new visualization technique called iDISCO (which stands for immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs). (mskcc.org)
With iDISCO, the team could create movies that show what happens to the human neurons over the course of six months as they boogied their way across the mouse brain. (mskcc.org)
Pasca, a psychiatry professor at the Stanford School of Medicine, said this is the first time these organoids have been placed into early rat brains, creating "the most advanced human brain circuitry ever built from human skin cells and a demonstration that implanted human neurons can influence an animal's behavior. (co.ke)

New research has revealed "anxiety cells," which provides a fresh direction for research into new treatments. (medicalnewstoday.com)
However, the authors of the research stressed they did not restore the brain function or consciousness of the animals, but said their work could one day pave the way for treatments of brain damage. (newsweek.com)
Heart cells created this way could be used to test treatments for heart disease and, if created from a particular patient, used to personalize treatment, according to the researchers. (livescience.com)
There are no approved or widely accepted treatments for brain metastases other than steroids, cranial radiotherapy, and surgical resection. (nih.gov)
In many cases, the cancer cells in children respond better to treatments compared to adults. (medlineplus.gov)

Brain and skin cells have now been reprogrammed into heart cells using RNA, a molecule related to DNA that is crucial to the creation of proteins within a cell. (livescience.com)
This mRNA contains the instructions, derived from DNA, to create proteins, the building blocks of cells. (livescience.com)
These cells then contained much more heart mRNA than skin or brain mRNA, causing the cell to build heart-cell proteins. (livescience.com)
The novel approach led to in a new computational model developed by Dr. Srikanth Ravichandran of the Computational Biology Group: "Our model can determine which proteins are responsible for the functional state of a given stem cell in its niche -- meaning whether it will divide or remain in a state of quiescence. (sciencedaily.com)
Upon correct folding, proteins are transported to specific locations within cells where they can perform their various functions. (nih.gov)

In order to create as accurate as possible computational models of stem cell behaviour, the LCSB's Computational Biology Group led by Prof. Antonio del Sol applied a novel approach. (sciencedaily.com)
Modern cell biology technologies enable profiling of gene expression at single cell resolution. (sciencedaily.com)
Roberta Pentney, former professor of anatomy and cell biology at the University of Buffalo, and her co-investigator, Cynthia Dlugos, concluded that daily consumption of alcohol did create temporary damage in the connections between brain cells. (realbeer.com)
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology has revolutionized studies on human biology. (nih.gov)
Instead of waiting several months, we can make those neurons in about ten days," says Lorenz Studer , Director of the Center for Stem Cell Biology at the Sloan Kettering Institute. (mskcc.org)
An insight into the biology of ischemic stroke indicates that a stream of molecular events initiates instantly after the onset of ischemic stroke, such as oxidative stress, increased level of intracellular calcium, excitotoxicity, and inflammation which results in apoptotic or necrotic neuronal cell death [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)

The authors argued the evidence suggests that, with the right interventions, the mammalian brain could withstand the loss of oxygen and blood supply better than previously thought. (newsweek.com)

The researchers believe this technique has possibility for use in cell-based therapy for cardiovascular diseases. (livescience.com)
This finding also provides us with a fundamentally new model to investigate a range of diseases in which these cells may play a role. (rochester.edu)
In the case of prion diseases, the culprit protein that misfolds and causes brain cell damage is PrP. (nih.gov)
Upon autopsy, their brains are riddled with tiny holes, and have the same spongy appearance as the brains of people and animals that died of prion diseases. (nih.gov)
Many of the diseases that strike the nervous system affect neurons in the brain rather than those in the peripheral nervous system (where sensory neurons are located). (mskcc.org)
Down the road, Goldman hopes the findings might lead to procedures to transplant brain cells to treat diseases as diverse as multiple sclerosis, bipolar disease and even the brain shrinkage that causes memory loss in aging. (nbcnews.com)

They used primary human cortical tissues and cortical organoids derived from stem cells to test if SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect brain cells. (aku.edu)

The development of hyperosmolality from the water loss can lead to neuronal cell shrinkage and resultant brain injury. (medscape.com)

New research in mouse models suggests that specialized immune cells keep the brain in good working order by maintaining it during sleep. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This work suggests that the enhanced remodeling of neural circuits and repair of lesions during sleep may be mediated in part by the ability of microglia to dynamically interact with the brain," explains first author Rianne Stowell, Ph.D. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The classic theory suggests that germ cell tumors (GCTs) in these areas are derived from local transformation of primordial germ cells misplaced during embryogenesis. (medscape.com)
The first suggests that fetal gonocytes whose development into spermatogonia is blocked may undergo abnormal cell division and then invasive growth mediated by postnatal and pubertal gonadotrophin stimulation. (medscape.com)

Some of these pre-neuron stem cells stick around in the adult brain, too. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Interruptions to the neuron development process in adult stem cells have been linked to Alzheimer's disease and cognitive deficits similar to the symptoms of depression. (cosmosmagazine.com)
It is postulated that the deformation of the neuron size activates these cells (thus acting like mechanoreceptors). (medscape.com)

Stuart Youngner, a professor of bioethics and psychiatry, and Insoo Hyun, a professor of bioethics and philosophy, both at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, wrote in a separate commentary that such advances in brain resuscitation technology rekindle the debate around when medics should stop attempting to save a life and try to take organs for donation for another person's benefit. (newsweek.com)

After these initial studies had yielded such promising results, Lukas Bunse expects that vaccine-induced T-cell receptors targeting brain tumor antigens could be a promising approach to develop new immunotherapies against glioblastoma. (dkfz.de)
An increased osmolality draws water from cells into the blood, thus dehydrating specific neurons in the brain that serve as osmoreceptors or "tonicity receptors. (medscape.com)

Glial stem cells are found in all parts of the adult brain. (wikipedia.org)
Although other parts of the brain are known to be involved in anxiety, this is the very first time that a group of cells has been found that represent anxiety regardless of the environmental stimulus that brings about the emotion. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The neurons were found in the orbitofrontal cortex, an area of the brain just above the eyes involved in goal-directed behavior. (news-medical.net)
Reprogrammed cells could then develop into a multitude of cell types, including the neurons found in the brain and spinal cord. (livescience.com)
The researchers found fibroblasts taken from the brain lining, or dura mater, were 16 times more likely to grow successfully than those from the scalp. (livescience.com)
They found that the effects of the EMF were transient and the subjects' brains tended to return toward baseline conditions one hour after the exposure. (eurekalert.org)
A published in Cell Stem Cell by US researchers found the virus targets stem cells in parts of a fully grown mouse brain responsible for learning and memory and stops them proliferating. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Glial cells - a family of cells found in the human central nervous system and, until recently, considered mere "housekeepers" - now appear to be essential to the unique complexity of the human brain. (rochester.edu)
I have always found the concept that the human brain is more capable because we have more complex neural networks to be a little too simple, because if you put the entire neural network and all of its activity together all you just end up with a super computer," said Nedergaard. (rochester.edu)
Normally, PrP is found on the surface of many cells in the body, including in the brain. (nih.gov)
They had found that many of the abnormal forms of PrP were located in the wrong part of the cell. (nih.gov)
The research team found that antibiotics zapped Ly6C hi cells from the gut and elsewhere, but probiotics brought them back into action. (icr.org)
That is, humans will soon discover a solution to the basic problem of how to construct a human-level intelligence that is far simpler than the solution evolution found, but evolution's solution is strongly tied to its choice of very complex brain cells, cells whose complexity cannot be substantially reduced via clever modeling. (overcomingbias.com)
While evolution searched hard for simpler cheaper variations on the first design it found that could do the job, all of its attempts to simplify brains and brain cells destroyed the overall intelligence that it sought to maintain. (overcomingbias.com)
In an independent cohort of 26 individuals who died of COVID-19, we used histopathological signs of brain damage as a guide for possible SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and found that among the 5 individuals who exhibited those signs, all of them had genetic material of the virus in the brain. (hindustantimes.com)
He and his colleagues also found similar protein signatures of synaptic transmission in non-neuronal cells in humans by looking at existing datasets. (newscientist.com)
These sex-specific cells were found in a region of the brain that governs both aggression and mating behaviors. (phys.org)
The hypothalamus is a fundamental region of the brain found in all vertebrates including humans. (phys.org)
Researchers have now found that, with a little genetic tweaking, they can transform skin cells into brain cells without having to first reprogram them to act like multipurpose stem cells. (discovermagazine.com)

Lapatinib is the first HER2-directed drug to be validated in a preclinical model for activity against brain metastases of breast cancer. (nih.gov)
Some retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumors may represent metastases from a testicular cancer , with subsequent spontaneous necrosis of the primary tumor. (medscape.com)

Researchers using deep brain stimulation to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms discovered an unexpected side effect. (scienceupdate.com)
These cells also appear to be in brain circuits involved in movement, which degenerate in Parkinson's disease, says Volterra. (newscientist.com)
Conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease destroy brain cells, causing speech and memory loss and other debilitating consequences. (science20.com)

Keeping your brain stimulated increases hippocampal neurogenesis - the process by which neurons are generated. (davidwolfe.com)

As the same time, we've observed that as these cells have evolved in complexity, size, and diversity - as they have in humans - brain function becomes more and more complex. (rochester.edu)
But the team at the University of Rochester say their findings also suggest that these brain cells, called glial cells, may very well be one of the important factors that make humans different from other animals. (nbcnews.com)

The research builds upon the team's previous work creating brain "organoids," tiny structures resembling human organs that have also been made to represent others such as livers, kidneys, prostates, or key parts of them. (co.ke)
The organoids grew so that they eventually occupied a third of the hemisphere of the rat's brain where they were implanted. (co.ke)
Neurons from the organoids formed working connections with circuits in the brain. (co.ke)
Ethicists also wonder about the possibility of brain organoids in the future attaining something like human consciousness, which experts say is extremely unlikely now. (co.ke)

Until now, neuroscientists and physicians have assumed that the cell death caused by this is irreversible. (newsweek.com)
These additional openings allow neuroscientists to control the cells' electrical activity. (optics.org)
Few neuroscientists publicly estimate brain emulations soon, and no one has even bothered to survey them. (overcomingbias.com)

In their new paper, the researchers also report that high-fat diets trigger microglia to actively recruit additional immune-system cells from the bloodstream to infiltrate the MBH. (sciencedaily.com)
The microglia are the immune cells that respond to any signs of infection or damage in the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This meant that during states of arousal and wakefulness, the immune cells could not respond appropriately and perform maintenance on brain cell connections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Ly6C hi cells belong to the immune system where they help immune surveillance. (icr.org)
Cell surface antigens are large molecules sticking out from a cell that help the immune system determine whether the cell is harmless or harmful. (stanford.edu)

This technique allowed the researchers to examine changes in cellular activity at the resolution of a single cell. (eurekalert.org)
Our findings underscore the critical role played by non-neuronal cells like microglia in neurodegenerative disorders and provide evidence that these cells can significantly contribute to disease development and in some cases can cause cellular defects before neuronal loss occurs," said Lall. (newswise.com)
Stem cells live in a niche where they constantly interact with other cells and extra-cellular components. (sciencedaily.com)
It should be argued that long-lasting and repeated exposure to EMFs linked with intense use of cellular phones in daily life might be harmful or beneficial in brain-diseased subjects," they conclude. (eurekalert.org)
The results show that there are differences between male and female mammalian brains at the level of cellular composition as well as gene expression but that those differences are subtle, and their functional significance remains to be explained," says Anderson. (phys.org)
Autophagy is a multifaceted cellular process that not only maintains the homeostatic and adaptive responses of the brain but is also dynamically involved in the regulation of neural cell generation, maturation, and survival . (bvsalud.org)
According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)

A microscopy image of neural cells where fluorescent markers show different types of cells. (disabled-world.com)
Human brain cells in a mouse glow green because researchers have tagged them with a gene that looks green under fluorescent light. (nbcnews.com)

Zlokovic, B. V. The blood-brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. (nature.com)

If the cultured cells were genetically modified to stop expressing the target sugar, the CAR-T cells no longer worked. (stanford.edu)

A brain region called the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) contains key groups of neurons that regulate food intake and energy expenditure. (sciencedaily.com)

A team of researchers from the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge has discovered more about how brain maintenance also occurs during sleep. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Abnormal BBB function several behavioural manifestations, such frequently occurs with brain damage. (who.int)

This new capacity to teach cell cultures to perform a task in which they exhibit sentience - by controlling the paddle to return the ball via sensing - opens up discovery possibilities which will have far-reaching consequences for technology, health, and society," says Dr. Adeel Razi, Director of Monash University's Computational & Systems Neuroscience Laboratory. (disabled-world.com)
Dr. Lipton solved these problems by inducing ES cells to express a protein, discovered in his laboratory called myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C). (science20.com)

We are currently expanding on these studies to validate our findings in human cells. (newswise.com)
The findings add to the evidence that mechanisms related to sleep play an essential role in ensuring that the brain receives necessary repairs and continues to function correctly. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The findings were published in the current issue of the journal Cell. (nih.gov)
According to the authors, the findings uncover structural changes observed in the brains of people with COVID-19. (hindustantimes.com)
The findings suggest that these cells are conserved [in people]," says team member Ludovic Telley , also at the University of Lausanne. (newscientist.com)

Neurons, also called nerve cells, are the functional electrically excitable cells of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
This binding deprives cells in parts of the brain of functional Mahogunin, causing them to die eventually. (nih.gov)
Autophagy arbitrates structural and functional remodeling during the cell differentiation process. (bvsalud.org)

Electromagnetic fields from cell phones excite the brain cortex adjacent to it, with potential implications for individuals with epilepsy, or other neurological conditions. (eurekalert.org)
In 12 of the 15 subjects, the data showed an excitability change in the motor cortex adjacent to the cell phone. (eurekalert.org)
If the virus kills cortex cells it would explain why the infants are born with small brains. (technologyreview.com)
COMT immunoreactivity was studied in primary astrocytic cultures from newborn rat cerebral cortex, and in neuronal cultures from rat brain from 18-day-old rat embryos using antisera against rat recombinant COMT made in guinea pig. (lu.se)

In a process known as neurogenesis, adult-born neuroprogenitor cells are generated in the subventricular zone deep in the brain and migrate to the olfactory bulb where they assume their final positions. (nih.gov)

They were then able to use this to equip T cells from donor blood or also T cell lines in the culture dish. (dkfz.de)
Brain cells living in a dish perform goal-directed tasks such as playing the tennis like, computer game, Pong. (disabled-world.com)
In a dish, Mackall's CAR-T cells killed cultured DIPG cells that carry the H3K27M mutation. (stanford.edu)
Razi and his colleagues are aiming to grow brain cells in a lab dish called the DishBrain system to investigate this process of 'continual lifelong learning. (zerohedge.com)

1 They also asked why mouse brains stopped certain activities after antibiotics erased the helpful bacteria from mouse gut contents. (icr.org)
iDISCO movie of mouse brain at six months showing fluorescently labeled human cortical neurons. (mskcc.org)
Here, we report that in AD patients and two mouse models of AD, overexpression of serum response factor (SRF) and myocardin (MYOCD) in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) generates an Aβ non-clearing VSMC phenotype through transactivation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, which downregulates low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1, a key Aβ clearance receptor. (nature.com)
Seven to eight weeks after the tumor was established, each mouse received one intravenous injection of GD2 CAR-T cells or, as a control treatment, an injection of CAR-T cells that react to a different target. (stanford.edu)
The similarity between the mouse model and the human condition underscores the therapeutic potential of targeting these cells in dementia patients. (sfn.org)
María Llorens-Martín and colleagues at the Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM) used a mouse model of frontotemporal dementia to investigate the effects of the disease on dentate granule cells. (sfn.org)
In the first set of mouse experiments, Dr. Belluscio's team first disrupted the organization of olfactory bulb circuits by temporarily plugging a nostril in the animals, to block olfactory sensory information from entering the brain. (nih.gov)
We examined the efficacy of lapatinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 kinases, for preventing the outgrowth of breast cancer cells in the brain in a mouse xenograft model of brain metastasis. (nih.gov)

Anatomy56

Organisms14

Diseases35

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Psychiatry and Psychology17

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Humanities1

Information Science9

Named Groups1

Health Care7

Neurons in the human2

Mice61

Scientists40

Tissue19

Embryonic2

Signals12

Glia11

Brain's3

Pluripotent stem8

Metabolism3

Neural stem4

Infects brain cells1

800,000 brain cells1

Therapies10

Study40

Hippocampus3

Zika3

Tumor cells3

Progenitor cells4

Nerve cells in the brain3

Astrocytes16

Genes10

Rats2

Synapses4

20191

Astrocyte2

Human neurons3

Treatments5

Proteins5

Biology6

Mammalian brain1

Diseases6

Derived from stem cells1

Neuronal cell1

Suggests4

Neuron3

Person's1

Receptors2

Found19

Metastases2

Parkinson's3

Hippocampal Neurogenesis1

Humans2

Organoids4

Neuroscientists3

Immune5

Cellular7

Fluorescent2

Blood-brain b1

Genetically1

Regulate1

Occurs2

Laboratory2

Findings5

Functional3

Cortex4

Neurogenesis1

Dish4

Mouse8