Cell surface surface avian proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Scientists have identified a small family of lab-made proteins that neutralize a broad range of influenza A viruses, including the H5N1 avian virus, the 1918 pandemic influenza virus and seasonal H1N1 flu viruses. (science20.com)
These human monoclonal antibodies, identical infection-fighting proteins derived from the same cell lineage, also were found to protect mice from illness caused by H5N1 and other influenza A viruses. (science20.com)
They scanned tens of billions of monoclonal antibodies produced in bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, and found 10 antibodies active against the four major strains of H5N1 avian influenza viruses. (science20.com)
Avian influenza (H5N1) is rare in humans in developed countries. (medscape.com)
Then, even more alarmingly, 34 human cases of H5N1 avian influenza-a highly pathogenic flu that has ravaged poultry stocks in several Asian countries-were confirmed in Thailand and Vietnam. (nationalacademies.org)
During 1997, an H5N1 avian influenza virus was determined to be the cause of death in 6 of 18 infected patients in Hong Kong. (mitokor.com)
Although it has been known that cleavage site and glycosylation patterns of the HA protein play important roles in determining the pathogenicity of H5 avian influenza viruses, it has only recently been shown that an additional glycosylation site within the globular head of the neuraminidase protein also contributes to the high virulence of the H5N1 virus. (mitokor.com)
H5N1 hemagglutinin interacts with cell surface proteins containing oligosaccharides with terminal sialyl residues. (mitokor.com)
Virus isolated from a human infected with the H5N1 strain in 1997 could bind to oligosaccharides from human as well as avian sources, indicating its species-jumping ability. (mitokor.com)
Human ANP32A ( h ANP32A) lacks an insertion of 33 disordered residues compared to av ANP32A, restricting av H5N1 polymerase activity in mammalian cells. (nature.com)
Similar to H5N1 strains, this further affirms the potential of avian influenza strains capable of directly infecting human, causing severe illnesses. (springer.com)
Since its discovery in the late 1990s, the avian flu virus, or H5N1, has infected at least 100 people, more than half of whom have died. (sourcewatch.org)
To date, roughly 103 people have been infected with the H5N1 avian influenza virus--or bird flu. (sourcewatch.org)
The influenza A H5N1 avian pandemic strain has a mortality rate of nearly 60 percent. (stjude.org)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 infects humans with a high fatality rate and has pandemic potential. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we used a mouse model pre-exposed to an H1N1 influenza virus and evaluated the protective ability provided by a single dose of DNA vaccines encoding conserved H5N1 proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Human infection of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus was first reported in Hong Kong in 1997, causing six deaths [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection could not provide adequate protection, but could alleviate symptoms of influenza H5N1 virus infection [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
About a decade ago, scientists and public health officials feared that we might be on the brink of a pandemic caused by the so-called avian or bird H5N1 flu that began circulating among poultry, ducks, and geese in Asia and spread to Europe and Africa. (bcm.edu)
Unlike the avian H5N1 flu, the H1N1 swine flu is capable of being transmitted easily from person to person. (bcm.edu)

The hemagglutinin (HA) gene codes for one of the two surface glycoproteins and is central to species specificity because it is responsible for virus attachment and fusion with host cells. (cdc.gov)
Ribbon diagram of the influenza virus H5 hemagglutinin (HA) surface protein bound by the F10 monoclonal antibody (red). (science20.com)
The hidden part of the influenza virus is in the neck below the peanut-shaped head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. (science20.com)
Moore, KM, Jackwood MW: (1994) Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to the Bordotella avium 41-Kilodalton Surface Protein and Characterization of the Hemagglutinin. (kerafast.com)
Type A viruses are divided into subtypes based on the nature of their surface proteins: hemagglutinin (H1 to H18) and neuraminidase (N1 to N11). (pasteur.fr)
H stands for hemagglutinin, it binds the virus to cells in the respiratory tract, for example. (dailynewsegypt.com)
One crucial determinant of host tropism is hemagglutinin (HA) receptor specificity, in particular, preference of specific species of sialic acid on host cells. (springer.com)
They target and bind tightly to strain-specific regions of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins on the virus. (stjude.org)
These proteins are called hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (bcm.edu)
Influenza type A viruses are divided into subtypes based on surface proteins called hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (cdc.gov)
[7] There are 16 hemagglutinin and 9 neuraminidase subtypes that circulate in a variety of avian species, and a restricted subgroup of these have infected other animals, such as pigs, horses, cats, ferrets, dogs, and marine mammals (seals and whales). (cdc.gov)
Hemagglutinin (H) is a glycoprotein on the influenza viral surface that allows the virus to bind to cellular sialic acid and fuse with the host cell membrane. (msdmanuals.com)

avian influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
A galactose-linkage, the receptor for avian influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
H1N1 SIV resulted in a new subtype H1N2, where the HA that different subtypes of avian influenza viruses can repli- of the H3N2 subtype was replaced by the HA from the cate in swine ( 4-6 ). (cdc.gov)
This H1N2 subtype caused respi- reassortment of human and avian influenza viruses ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Rohrschneider focused initially on cell-surface proteins in cells infected with avian oncorna viruses, identifying the envelope and group-specific antigens (gag proteins). (fredhutch.org)
Overall, the genomic analysis of the virus in this specimen does not change CDC's risk assessment related to the avian A(H5) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses. (cdc.gov)
Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
The subgroup A to E avian sarcoma and leukosis viruses (ASLVs) are highly related and are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor. (elsevierpure.com)
These viruses use distinct cell surface proteins as receptors to gain entry into avian cells. (elsevierpure.com)
We have identified the mutations responsible for the block to virus entry in chicken lines resistant to infection by subgroup A ASLVs [ASLV(A)]. The tva genetic locus determines the susceptibility of chicken cells to ASLV(A) viruses. (elsevierpure.com)
Dr. Marasco, Jianhua Sui, M.D., Ph.D., and other Dana-Farber colleagues began their study with avian flu viruses. (science20.com)
Encouraged by these findings, they collaborated with Ruben O. Donis, Ph.D., of the CDC Influenza Division, and found that three of these monoclonal antibodies had broader neutralization capabilities when tested in cell cultures and in mice against representative strains of other known influenza A viruses. (science20.com)
Influenza A viruses can include any one of the 16 known subtypes of HA proteins, which fall into two groups, Group 1 and Group 2. (science20.com)
Their monoclonal antibodies neutralized all testable viruses containing the 10 Group 1 HAs-which include the seasonal H1 viruses, the H1 virus that caused the 1918 pandemic and the highly pathogenic avian H5 subtypes-but none of the viruses containing the six Group 2 HAs. (science20.com)
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites - they can only reproduce within the cell of a host organism. (thesmartset.com)
However, for these avian (av) viruses to efficiently replicate in mammalian cells, host adaptation of the viral polymerase is necessary. (nature.com)
Influenza viruses carry proteins on their surface. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Understanding and predicting host tropism of influenza proteins lay an important foundation for future work in constructing computation models capable of directly predicting interspecies transmission of influenza viruses. (springer.com)
A large number of influenza A viruses naturally reside in avian species where they constantly circulate and evolve. (springer.com)
In particular, they looked at a protein called hemagglutanin, which is found on the surface of all influenza viruses and is known to play a key role in facilitating entry into host cells. (cosmosmagazine.com)
In contrast, avian flu viruses have sequences that bind primarily to bird cells. (cosmosmagazine.com)
As reported in the March 23, 2006, issue of Nature , a team of scientists in the US and Japan , "led by [Virologist] Professor Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin at Madison, found that avian influenza viruses and human influenza viruses home in on slightly different receptors. (sourcewatch.org)
Antibodies are produced by B cells to recognize and defend against viruses. (stjude.org)
The process hones their focus and primes them to target flu viruses based on the unique, rather than shared, surface proteins. (stjude.org)
Unlike antibodies, the T cells recognize flu viruses based on shared internal proteins. (stjude.org)
RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
Genetic reassortment between avian and human influenza A viruses in Italian pigs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
conserved in human and avian influenza A viruses and is being pursued as a component for a universal influenza A vaccine. (uu.nl)
Immunization of mice with purified f88-M2e2-16 phages in the presence of incomplete Freund's adjuvant, induced robust M2e-specific serum IgG and protected BALB/c mice against challenge with human and avian influenza A viruses. (uu.nl)
Avain Influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease caused by type A influenza viruses which have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes that encode at least ten proteins including two surface glycoproteins [haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)], nucleoprotein (NP), three polymerase proteins [polymerase basic (PB1), (PB2) and polymerase acidic (PA)], two matrix (M1 and M2) proteins and two non-structural (NS1 and NS2) proteins. (scialert.net)
Some avian H9 viruses have acquired receptor binding characteristics typical of human strains, increasing the potential for reassortment in both human and pig respiratory tracts ( Suzuki, 2005 ). (scialert.net)
Influenza A and B viruses both undergo gradual, continuous change in the HA and NA proteins, known as antigenic drift. (cdc.gov)
Influenza viruses are classified as type A, B, or C by their nucleoproteins and matrix proteins. (msdmanuals.com)

Interspecies transmission between humans and swine has merase basic (PB) protein 1, HA, and neuraminidase (NA) been documented ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The neuraminidase (NA) gene encodes the other surface protein of the virus. (cdc.gov)
HA and neuraminidase are the two main surface proteins on the influenza virus. (science20.com)
N is the abbreviation for neuraminidase, a protein that is required for virus replication. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Unlike the surface glycoproteins, haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, this domain of M2 is highly conserved and is therefore a potential broad-spectrum immunogen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Neuraminidase (NA), another surface glycoprotein, enzymatically removes sialic acid, promoting viral release from the infected host cell. (msdmanuals.com)

Also Neogenin receptor is pointed as a component of the mechanisms that determine skeletal cell fusion via RGMa (repulsive guidance molecule a) binding. (wikipedia.org)
Around this time, Dr. Chuck Sherr at St. Jude's and Dr. Richard Stanley at Albert Einstein identified the normal cellular Fms protein as the cell surface receptor for a growth factor known as the macrophage colony-stimulating factor or M-CSF. (fredhutch.org)
This was one of the initial discoveries that mutations in a cell surface receptor could initiate oncogenesis, just one year after the avian erythroblastosis virus oncogene was found to be a mutant EGF receptor. (fredhutch.org)
however, the extracellular domain contains a 40-amino-acid, cysteine-rich region that is homologous to the ligand binding region of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
Collectively, this study helps us understand the cell tropism, receptor usage, cross-species transmission, natural reservoir, and pathogenesis of this potential human coronavirus. (bvsalud.org)
IMPORTANCE Viral entry is driven by the interaction between the viral spike protein and its specific cellular receptor, which determines cell tropism and host range and is the major constraint to interspecies transmission of coronaviruses. (bvsalud.org)
We examined the receptor activity of nine APN orthologs and found that CCoV-HuPn-2018 utilizes APN from a broad range of animal species, including bats but not humans, to enter host cells. (bvsalud.org)
The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that promotes prostate cancer (PC) cell growth through control of target gene expression. (oncotarget.com)
Signaling by the androgen-induced androgen receptor (AR) promotes cell growth of prostate cancer (PC) cells. (oncotarget.com)

The isolation of temperature-sensitive transformation-defective mutants of Rous sarcoma virus led to the hypothesis that the viral protein or proteins should be temperature-sensitive in its expression or function, and Dr. John Wyke and Rohrschneider found that expression of some of the cell-surface tumor antigens correlated with transformation, suggesting that they were under control of the transforming gene. (fredhutch.org)
To our surprise, we found that CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein pseudotyped viral particles successfully infected multiple human hepatoma-derived cell lines and a lung cancer cell line, which is independent of the expression of human APN. (bvsalud.org)
A chicken gene that produces a protein important for viral disease resistance was obtained and its DNA sequence was determined. (usda.gov)
One of these structural changes altered the protein so that it could no longer function for viral resistance. (usda.gov)
The other structural change allowed normal viral resistance to occur but affected the shape of the protein on the surface of cells. (usda.gov)
These studies aid in understanding how genes determining cell surface proteins can affect interactions between cells and confer viral disease resistance. (usda.gov)
Avian influenza - also called bird flu or fowl plague - is a viral disease that infects birds, especially wild geese and ducks. (dailynewsegypt.com)

The major role of the NA is to release new progeny virions from an infected cell by enzymatically cleaving sialic acid receptors, which aids virus spread to uninfected cells within an infected host. (cdc.gov)
It has been known that CCoV-HuPn-2018 uses aminopeptidase N (APN) from canines, felines, and porcines, but not humans, as functional receptors for cell entry. (bvsalud.org)
Each has a specific amino acid sequence that allows it to bind to receptors on particular types of cells. (cosmosmagazine.com)
The proliferation of tumor cells is characterized by inflammation of tumor sites, the ability of tumor cells to evolve HSPG (heparan sulphate proteoglycans) in a similar manner to basal membrane Keratinocytes, and the presence of various growth factor receptors known to congregate at the surface of tumor cells. (justia.com)

Neogenin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEO1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Even if the strain does not infect humans, avian flu is can be disastrous: outbreaks kill thousands of animals at a time and impacts the livelihoods of many people, local and national economies and international trade. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Yet when some avian strains do acquire the ability to overcome species barrier, they might become adapted to humans, replicating efficiently and causing diseases, leading to potential pandemic. (springer.com)
In May the World Health Organisation (WHO) confirmed 26 cases of avian influenza in humans. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
With the emergence of non-human H9N2 isolates with avian characteristics, it is important to study the H9N2 isolates from avian hosts in addition to those obtained from humans for pandemic influenza understanding and preparedness. (scialert.net)
Although it is necessary to annually update vaccine strains to ensure effective protection against seasonal influenza infection in humans due to the frequent antigenic drift of the virus strains, seasonal human influenza-specific CTLs, mostly targeting conserved internal proteins, e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to the HA and NA, the RNA transcription and replication complex (PB2, PB1, PA, NP) also have species-speci c determinants that impact e cient replication in humans and other mammals, particularly polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2). (cdc.gov)

The past decade has seen increasingly frequent and severe outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza, as described in the Summary and Assessment. (nationalacademies.org)

According to information provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on April 17, 2007, "There have not been any human cases of avian influenza in the United States or North America, but there have been cases in other parts of the world such as Asia and Africa . (sourcewatch.org)

The diversity of these responses, and their resulting outcomes, offer important lessons for the control of future avian flu outbreaks-a key protection against a human pandemic. (nationalacademies.org)
To date, the avian flu virus has not acquired to ability to spread easily from person to person - a necessary step in order for a virus to cause a pandemic. (bcm.edu)

Most influenza strains evolve exclusively in the large reservoir of water birds, but some highly pathogenic avian strains (e.g. (nature.com)

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (bio-techne.com)

Since 1997, avian flu strains seem to have infected thousands of birds in 11 countries. (sourcewatch.org)

If it has, they say, it could provide an early warning that the nightmare potential of avian flu is on the brink of being realised. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Vaccination with DNA encoding internal proteins of influenza virus does not require CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes: either CD4 + or CD8 + T cells can promote survival and recovery after challenge. (microbiologyresearch.org)

In addition, features from all 11 proteins were used to construct a combined model to predict host tropism of influenza virus strains. (springer.com)
When used together as a host tropism prediction system, zoonotic strains could potentially be identified based on different protein prediction results. (springer.com)
The findings highlight a novel way to generate antibodies that recognize and target proteins shared by most influenza A strains rather than those unique to each strain. (stjude.org)
The finding was surprising because previous research had highlighted a likely role for white blood cells known as CD8+ and CD4+ memory T cells for broadening the immune response against different flu strains. (stjude.org)
This led us to the B-cell response and evidence that the cross-reactive antibodies provide crucial protection against different flu strains," said first author Rachael Keating, Ph.D., a St. Jude scientist. (stjude.org)
Highly virulent strains of NDV can be discriminated from low virulent strains by the presence of multibasic amino acid motif at the proteolytic cleavage site of the fusion (F) protein. (researcherslinks.com)

Those first immunoprecipitation experiments also revealed a related protein in uninfected cells, one of the first sightings of the Src proto-oncogene product. (fredhutch.org)
He also went proto-oncogene hunting, cloning out the normal cell version of the Fms oncogene and identifying the mutations that make it oncogenic. (fredhutch.org)

Measured by its ability to block anti-ErbB2 mediated inhibition of SK‑BR‑3 human breast cancer cell proliferation. (novusbio.com)
Rapamycin works by inhibiting mTOR, which is involved in cell survival and proliferation. (stjude.org)
Accordingly, there is an unmet need for targeting of solid tumor cells for the treatment of malignant diseases that will show an affinity for cancer cells, deliver therapeutic payloads that inhibit proliferation and/or destroy cancerous tumor cells without inhibiting and/or destroying normal cells. (justia.com)
Originally isolated on the basis of its capacity to stimulate T-cell maturation and proliferation, avian thymic hormone (ATH) is nevertheless a parvalbumin, one of two beta-lineage isoforms expressed in birds. (cornell.edu)
In vivo proliferation of naive and memory influenza-specific CD8 + T cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)

In addition, host-driven selection presumably results in the high levels of genetic variation found in ama -1 of avian Plasmodium species. (biomedcentral.com)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)

Scientists conduct blood tests on chickens after an outbreak of avian influenza in China. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Chemical characterization of a neural cell adhesion molecule purified from embryonic brain membranes. (academicinfluence.com)
Purification and characterization of a cell adhesion molecule from neural retina. (academicinfluence.com)

We hypothesize that a more rapid induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in bursal cells following IBDV infection leads to more severe disease in line W birds than in line 15I. (imperial.ac.uk)
In mice, vaccines inducing antibodies to the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) can confer protection to influenza A virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Interestingly, the CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein pseudotyped virus infected multiple human cancer cell lines in a human APN-independent manner, whereas sialic acid appeared to facilitate the entry of the pseudotyped virus into human cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
The 1918 Spanish Flu Anitbodies reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (mitokor.com)
Human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) are multipotent somatic stem cells that can be isolated from a variety of tissues such as the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental pulp. (frontiersin.org)
Avian influenza polymerase undergoes host adaptation in order to efficiently replicate in human cells. (nature.com)
Human ANP32A IDD lacks a 33 residue insertion compared to avian ANP32A, and this deletion restricts avian influenza polymerase activity. (nature.com)
We used NMR to determine conformational ensembles of E627 and K627 forms of 627-NLS of PB2 in complex with avian and human ANP32A. (nature.com)
Avian flu outbreaks caused by non-human infecting subtypes occur quite often. (dailynewsegypt.com)
The prediction models were trained on influenza protein sequences isolated from both avian and human samples, which were transformed into amino acid physicochemical properties feature vectors. (springer.com)
From the prediction models constructed, all achieved high prediction performance, indicating clear distinctions in both avian and human proteins. (springer.com)
Measured by its ability to inhibit the biological activity of Neuregulin-1-beta 1 on MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells. (bio-techne.com)
They discovered several different combinations of three amino acid changes that altered the hemagglutanin's specificity from bird to human cells. (cosmosmagazine.com)
A second experiment revealed the mutated protein was capable of latching onto human trachea tissue. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Nevertheless, the scientists recommend checking future laboratory-confirmed human avian flu cases to see if any such mutations have occurred in the virus's hemagglutanin coating. (cosmosmagazine.com)
New research shows that this bird flu currently lacks the protein key to unlock certain cells in the human upper respiratory tract, preventing it from spreading via a sneeze or a cough. (sourcewatch.org)
This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)

Second, altering the MSC state by inducing differentiation into multiple lineages did not affect the exosomal properties or endocytosis but triggered the expression of lineage-specific genes and proteins in vitro and in vivo respectively. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, we characterized HA and NA genes and proteins of 5 Iranian isolate which have been isolated from Commercial broiler chicken in the Iran between 2008 and 2009. (scialert.net)

Methicillin resistance is due to the acquisition of the mecA gene, that encodes a new protein designated PBP2a, belonging to a family of enzymes necessary in building the bacterial cell wall. (frontiersin.org)
CNPY2 up-regulated gene expression of AR target genes such as KLK3 gene which encodes the prostate specific antigen (PSA) and promoted cell growth of PC cells. (oncotarget.com)

To see whether this was possible, Paulson and colleagues cultured hemagglutanin in an experimental cell line, identifying and propagating amino acid mutations in the process. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Our aim was to provide information about the production of Egg White Immunoglobulin (EWIg) with specificity to Staphylococcal protein-A , a surface antigen of Staphylococcus aureus and to study the inhibition of this bacterium growth in pre- and post-immunized hens. (omicsonline.org)
Analysis of the transcriptome identified several orthologues required for intra-erythrocytic survival and erythrocyte invasion, including the rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2) and the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1). (biomedcentral.com)
Evidence for positive selection has also been reported for the Plasmodium surface proteins DBP (Duffy-binding protein), EBA-175 (erythrocyte-binding antigen 175) and a large number of other antigens [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Comprehensive knowledge of the genetic factors involved in avian malaria parasite invasion is lacking and has been hampered by difficulties in obtaining nuclear data from avian malaria parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
Ama - 1 of avian malaria parasites exhibits high levels of genetic diversity and evolves under positive diversifying selection, ostensibly due to protective host immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)

Similarities between the physical structures of avian and mammalian MHC class I glycoproteins have been proposed by comparative alignment of their amino acid sequences. (usda.gov)
In particular, mutation of PB2 residue 627 from E to K rescues polymerase activity in mammalian cells. (nature.com)

More work on avian coronavirus detection and diversity estimation is needed for the breeding territories of migrating birds, where the high diversity and high prevalence of Orthomyxoviridae and Paramyxoviridae have already been shown in wild birds. (bvsalud.org)
In order to detect ACoV RNA, we conducted PCR diagnostics of cloacal swab samples from birds, which we monitored during avian influenza A virus surveillance activities. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, there was a high presence of birds co-infected with avian coronavirus, avian influenza virus, and avian paramyxovirus. (bvsalud.org)

Avian Diseases, 38(2, Apr. (kerafast.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

The scientists also identified a new mechanism of antibody action against influenza: Once the antibody binds, the virus cannot change its shape, a step required before it can fuse with and enter the cell it is attempting to infect. (science20.com)

In addition, swine cells also contain sialyl 2,3- (NS) genes from the classic H1N1 swine virus ( 13-16 ). (cdc.gov)

Avian coronaviruses (ACoV) have been shown to be highly prevalent in wild bird populations. (bvsalud.org)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)

So, for example, a virus with version 1 of the HA protein and version 2 of the NA protein would be called influenza A subtype H1N2 (A H1N2, for short). (bcm.edu)

Genetically and antigenically, AIV exist as multiple subtypes based on the two glycoproteins (HA and NA) on the virion surface. (scialert.net)

Using improved immunofluorescence microscopy, Rohrschneider soon realized that most of the Src oncoprotein is actually concentrated in small regions of the cell membrane where the internal cytoskeleton sticks to the external matrix that makes up the glue of connective tissue. (fredhutch.org)
Their detailed picture shows one arm of the antibody inserted into a genetically stable pocket in the neck of the HA protein, an interaction that blocks the shape change required for membrane fusion and virus entry into the cell. (science20.com)
All of the known probes, however, analyze the enzyme activity by monitoring fluorescent molecules inside cells, despite the enzymatic reaction taking place on the outer cell membrane. (bvsalud.org)
To address this critical issue, we have developed two cell-membrane-localizing APN probes whose enzymatic products also localize the outer cell membrane. (bvsalud.org)
Matrix protein 2 (M2) of influenza A virus is a tetrameric type III membrane protein that functions as a proton-selective channel. (uu.nl)
The relatively narrow intercellular space of the primordial follicle allows ferritin and possibly other molecules of similar size to cross, whereas in the late stages of rapid follicular growth, the shape of granulosa cells must accommodate the increasing flow of egg yolk precursors that accumulate at the surface of the plasma membrane of the follicle [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To penetrate a cell, the spikes that stud an influenza virus have to be able to bind to the cellular surface. (sourcewatch.org)
Binding of neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) to the cellular prion protein. (academicinfluence.com)

Thus, replication competent filamentous bacteriophages can be used as efficient and economical carriers to display conserved B cell epitopes of influenza A. (uu.nl)

The transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus, Src, had just been identified by Dr. Ray Erikson's group using antibodies from tumor-bearing model organisms. (fredhutch.org)
Rohrschneider generated similar antisera and used them to good effect, performing some of the first immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments to identify the Src protein in Rous sarcoma virus-infected model organisms and to localize the protein to the cytoplasm. (fredhutch.org)

There he worked with Dr. Max D. Cooper (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Academy of Sciences) and his research focused on cell surface proteins expressed by preB cells that regulate B cell maturation and homing. (ubc.ca)
There his work focused on transcriptional control of hematopoietic stem cell maturation and cell fate. (ubc.ca)

1995) and subsequently in primary cells (Heyworth et al. (lu.se)

Through gene knockout studies he has shown that these molecules act as a type of molecular "Teflon" to make cells more mobile and invasive and also facilitate chemotaxis. (ubc.ca)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

Many existing tissue-engineering approaches focus on delivery of selected proteins (growth factors, transcription factors etc.) or nucleic acids to host or implanted stem cells to achieve lineage specific differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)

He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)
In some embodiments, aspects of the invention are based on the selective tropism of NSPs described herein for tumor cells. (justia.com)
The results indicated that apoptosis of tumor cells was induced by CAPE and CAPE- 0.01). (foodexpowest.com)

Cell adhesion molecules. (academicinfluence.com)
Cell adhesion molecules: implications for a molecular histology. (academicinfluence.com)
Cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of animal form and tissue pattern. (academicinfluence.com)
Cell adhesion molecules in early chicken embryogenesis. (academicinfluence.com)
In some embodiments, methods and compositions are provided for creating and using virion-derived protein nanosphere particles (NSPs) that exhibit surprising selectivity for delivering molecules to tumors without targeting healthy tissue and without producing a serotype-specific immunogenic response in the subject. (justia.com)
Most egg yolk precursors are synthesized by the liver, secreted into the blood and transferred into oocytes, to provide nutrients and bioactive molecules for the avian embryo. (biomedcentral.com)

explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)

This mouse IgG 1k monoclonal antibody was generated against protein and is specific for Bordotella avium 41-kDa surface protein. (kerafast.com)

H1N1 isolate, and the remaining genes from currently cir- sialosides found predominantly on avian cells ( 3,9,10 ). (cdc.gov)

We show that the resulting recombinant f88-M2e2-16 phages are replication competent and display the introduced part of M2e on the phage surface. (uu.nl)

In addition, he identified a number of novel hematopoietic stem cell surface proteins and began analyzing their function. (ubc.ca)
His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)
In this regard, his lab has identified a novel family of hematopoietic cell surface proteins, called the CD34 family, and shown that these are essential for a number of developmentally important processes. (ubc.ca)
We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)

In general, most genes that encode antigens of Plasmodium parasites are highly polymorphic and encode proteins that are important targets for host protective antibody responses [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The genetically stable pockets, they note, may be a result of evolutionary constraints that enable virus-cell fusion. (science20.com)
In this study, we demonstrated that among the nine APN orthologs tested, the APN of the Mexican free-tailed bat could also efficiently support CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike (S) protein-mediated entry, raising the possibility that bats may also be an alternative host epidemiologically important for the transmission of this virus. (bvsalud.org)
The T cells reduce flu-related complications by eliminating flu-infected cells and speeding the virus' clearance from the body. (stjude.org)
Cytologic evaluation: Intranuclear inclusions often exist in cells infected with a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus. (medscape.com)
Cytoplasmic inclusions usually are present in cells infected with a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. (medscape.com)
A protein resulting from the fusion between M2e and the hepatitis B virus core protein (M2eHBc), with or without adjuvant, was evaluated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In addition, a DNA construct expressing a fusion protein between M2e and influenza virus nucleoprotein (M2eNP) was evaluated to see if the broad-spectrum protection conferred by antibodies could be further enhanced by T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Accessing complexity: the dynamics of virus-specific T cell responses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Virus-specific CD8+ T cells in primary and secondary influenza pneumonia. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Modified M2 proteins produce heterotypic immunity against influenza A virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Avian influenza virus was isolated from poultry farms with history of respiratory illness and increased mortality. (scialert.net)
Type A influenza is classified into subtypes depending on which versions of two different proteins are present on the surface of the virus. (bcm.edu)

Inhibition of the agglutination of SpA-bearing Staphylococcus aureus cells by purified anti-SpA antibodies was observed in vitro. (omicsonline.org)
Both serum specific Ab titers and IFN-γ secretion by spleen cells in vitro were determined. (biomedcentral.com)

The molecular mechanism of cell entry in CCoV-HuPn-2018 remains poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
Our first important observation is that, MSC EVs possess a common mechanism of endocytosis across multiple cell types. (frontiersin.org)
Overall, the results presented in this study show a common mechanism of endocytosis for MSC EVs across different cell types and the feasibility to generate functionally enhanced EVs by modifications to parental MSCs. (frontiersin.org)

Fluorescent probes for conformational states of proteins. (academicinfluence.com)
In order to elucidate the conformational alterations that accompany Ca(2+) binding, we have obtained the solution structure of the Ca(2+)-free protein using NMR spectroscopy and compared it to the Ca(2+)-loaded protein, solved by X-ray crystallography. (cornell.edu)

McGargill and her colleagues showed that memory CD8+ T cells were not required for enhanced protection in rapamycin-treated mice following vaccination and that the CD4+ cells played an indirect role. (stjude.org)
In this regard, this result was likely because of the difference in the period of drug action (treatment for 24 h in cells, but for 38 days in xenograft mice). (foodexpowest.com)
QH and SL performed the mice and cell tests. (foodexpowest.com)

Protein crystallization is a key assay for structural studies of proteins. (gracebio.com)

Two of these differ in the presence of juxtamembrane extracellular sequences which regulate the ability of TACE (TNF-alpha converting enzyme) to proteolytically cleave ErbB4 from the cell surface. (bio-techne.com)

AMA-1 and RON2 of P. gallinaceum are evolutionarily and structurally conserved, suggesting that these proteins may play essential roles for avian malaria parasites to invade host erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs28

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes22

Information Science3

H5N120

Hemagglutinin12

Viruses33

Neuraminidase6

Receptor9

Viral7

Receptors4

Humans8

Highly pathogeni1

Cases of avian influenza1

Pandemic2

Pathogenic avian1

Recombinant Proteins1

19971

Potential of avian1

Internal proteins1

Strains6

Oncogene2

Proliferation5

Species2

Chickens1

Characterization2

Infection2

Human15

Genes and proteins2

Encodes2

Mutations1

Antigen3

Genetic2

Mammalian2

Birds3

Diseases2

Binds1

Swine1

Populations3

Subtype1

Glycoproteins1

Membrane6

Cellular2

Epitopes1

Sarcoma2

Maturation2

19951

Gene3

Differentiation3

Tumor3

Molecules6

20021

Monoclonal Antibody1

Predominantly1

Replication1

Hematopoietic4

Encode1

Virus12

Vitro2

Mechanism3

Conformational2

Mice3

Structural1

Sequences1

Roles1