• This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • When overexpressed ectopically, anticancer genes preferentially kill cancer cells while sparing the normal healthy cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the late 1990s, research on cancer cells led to the identification of anticancer genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
  • Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Abstract B38: FOXP1 truncated isoforms differentially regulate target genes in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. (growkudos.com)
  • [ 1 ] Identifying candidate precursors or enabling genes may pave the way for cancer screening, as with the ret proto-oncogene and medullary thyroid carcinoma . (medscape.com)
  • p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • Indeed, emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs function as a molecular rheostats that serve in fine-tuning cell signaling pathways [ 10 , 11 ], doing so by modulating the expression of large numbers of genes and, consequently, impacting the flux through essential regulatory nodes of vast signaling networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants, metazoans, and mammals, and are predicted to control the activity of 30% of all protein-coding genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scaffoldattachment factors are a specific subset of nuclear matrix proteins (NMP) that specifically bind toS/MAR. The encoded protein is thought to serve as a molecular base to assemble atranscriptosome complex in the vicinity of actively transcribed genes. (immune-source.com)
  • Apoptosis, apoptosis following a mitotic catastrophe, necrosis, and autophagy are only a few of the processes that can lead to cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • In normal functioning cells, apoptosis is induced to avoid these proliferative events. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apoptin: Apoptin, a protein produced from avian viruses, causes p53-deficient tumor-specific apoptosis manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's interesting to note that transfecting the SV40 big T oncogene can momentarily induce apoptosis, nuclear translocation, and apoptin phosphorylation in normal cells, showing that apoptin can detect early oncogenic change. (wikipedia.org)
  • This peptide works as to prevent the progression of cancer by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, resulting in an induction of apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition both in culture as well as in-vivo human breast xenograft mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depletion of HSP70-2 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in a significant reduction in cellular growth, motility, onset of apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest as well as reduction of tumor growth in the xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we have examined the putative role of HSP70-2 in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in-vitro and in-vivo xenograft mouse model using gene silencing approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification of early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1) as a novel target for JUN-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma. (uams.edu)
  • Alpha ketoglutarate levels, regulated by p53 and OGDH, determine autophagy and cell fate/apoptosis in response to Nutlin-3a. (rush.edu)
  • In comparison to monotherapy, CTX + IL-2 significantly limited tumor growth, via tumor cell proliferation inhibition and increased apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study investigated the role of miR-424-5p in regulating YAP1 expression and affecting hepatoma cell proliferation and apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
  • GIST cells were treated with IR700-12A8 and NIR light in vitro and vivo, and cell viability, histology and apoptosis were evaluated. (thno.org)
  • Burkitt lymphoma, or small noncleaved cell lymphoma, is a highly aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by the translocation and deregulation of the c-myc gene on chromosome 8. (medscape.com)
  • Biopsy findings were consistent with small noncleaved cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant cells such as T-cell leukemia Jurkat, B-cell lymphoma BJAB, colon cancers HT29/219, SW742, fibrosarcoma L929, breast cancer MCF-7, and A549 (lung carcinoma) exhibit preferential cytotoxicity towards it in comparison to primary cells such T cells, human lung fibroblasts, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinically, grade 3B follicular lymphoma is treated like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma . (medscape.com)
  • Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy with endemic, sporadic and immunodeficiency-associated variants. (bmj.com)
  • There is a low background incidence of BL worldwide (sBL), which is rarely associated with EBV and accounts for 1-2% of adult lymphoma in Western Europe and America, but eBL is associated with (EBV) in over 95% of cases and is predominant in the equatorial belt of Africa and other parts of the world where malaria is hyperendemic. (bmj.com)
  • 1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)
  • Anaplastic Large-cell Lymphoma. (lab-ally.com)
  • This is a rare form of non-Hopkins lymphoma (NHL), but is more commonly seen as a T-cell lymphoma. (lab-ally.com)
  • Lymphoma b cell. (lookformedical.com)
  • B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. (lookformedical.com)
  • A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Also, since BCL6 interacts with several co-repressor complexes to inhibit transcription, and its gene is frequently trans-located and hyper-mutated in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), miR-155 acts to enhance transcription and contribute to the pathogenesis of DLBCL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, CAFs promote cancer progression and act in cancer cell drug resistance. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Myeloma cell-derived Runx2 promotes myeloma progression in bone. (uams.edu)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: Yes-associated protein (Yes-associated protein 1 [YAP1]) is an important oncogene that is related to the pathogenesis and progression of liver cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently, accumulating preclinical studies have illustrated the feasibility of slowing tumor progression by either overexpressing tumor suppressive miRNAs, or by neutralizing the activities of oncogenic miRNAs in cell- and animal-based models of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 65.8% for all and 69.2% for PTCL-TFH, whereas 2-year overall survival (OS) was 68.4% for all and 76.1% for PTCL-TFH. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: Enrolled patients received Elo-KRd induction for 4 cycles, and Elo-lenalidomide maintenance until progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
  • As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
  • HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
  • It has been known for many years that the fundamental transforming event in BL is the translocation of the MYC gene, and the events that bring about this translocation and those that allow cells to survive with the constitutive expression of MYC have been the subject of intense investigation. (bmj.com)
  • The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • While no mutations were found in the exons of the DCC gene in endometrial cancers, chromosome 18 was found to be capable of suppressing tumorigenicity of endometrial cancer cells in nude mice by the procedure of microcell fusion, with DCC expression elevated in most of the suppressed hybrids. (medmuv.com)
  • Gene amplification did not underlie all cases of HER-2/neu overexpression, although both gene amplification and overexpression were each associated with poor outcomes. (medmuv.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene, together with spectrin and actin, constitute the red cell membrane cytoskeletal network. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Global gene expression profiling of multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and normal bone marrow plasma cells. (uams.edu)
  • This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • bcl-2 is an antiapoptotic gene. (medicosplexus.com)
  • obs, K. Dystrophin gene mutations that cause DMD result in either the absence of dystrophin protein production or markedly truncated proteins that cannot attach to the transmembrane protein com- plex and are rapidly catabolized. (top5binarybrokers.com)
  • The BIC gene is activated by promoter insertion at a retroviral integration site on chromosome 21q21 in B cell lymphomas induced by avian leukosis virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene encodes a DNA-binding protein which has high specificity for scaffold or matrixattachment region DNA elements (S/MAR DNA). (immune-source.com)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The contribution of TRPC channels to up-regulate VEGF expression under hypoxic conditions was studied in a malignant glioma cell line, U-87 MG cells. (interleukinreceptor.com)
  • It is widely recognized that the accumulation of various harmful genetic alterations in normal cells may induce malignant cancer cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Among sporadic endometrial cancers, when present, the microsatellite instability is confined to the malignant cells, and is not seen in the adjacent normal epithelium. (medmuv.com)
  • HSP70-2 is over expressed in breast cancer patients and was involved in malignant properties of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ARK5 is transcriptionally regulated by the Large-MAF family and mediates IGF-1-induced cell invasion in multiple myeloma: ARK5 as a new molecular determinant of malignant multiple myeloma. (uams.edu)
  • Generation of polyclonal plasmablasts from peripheral blood B cells: a normal counterpart of malignant plasmablasts. (uams.edu)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • Unfortunately, scientists have yet to be able to locate specific features of malignant and immune cells that would make them uniquely targetable (barring some recent examples, such as the Philadelphia chromosome as targeted by imatinib). (justia.com)
  • Background Loss of function of fumarate hydratase (FH), the mitochondrial tumor suppressor and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme, is associated with a highly malignant form of papillary and collecting duct renal cell malignancy. (immune-source.com)
  • citation needed] In normal functioning cells, this 13.6-kDa protein resides in the cytoplasm, yet in cancerous cells, it travels to the nucleus via phosphorylation at the Thr-108 position via the mitogenic cyclin dependent kinase (CDK2). (wikipedia.org)
  • ALK is one of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family of enzymes, which have significant roles in the proliferation and differentiation of cells. (lab-ally.com)
  • CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
  • Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
  • A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. (lookformedical.com)
  • In Section II, Dr. James Griffin reviews the mechanisms that lead to activation of tyrosine kinases by mutations in AML, the consequences of that activation for the cell, and the opportunities for targeted therapy and discusses some examples of developing novel drugs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and their effectiveness in AML (FLT3). (ashpublications.org)
  • Arsenic trioxide-mediated growth inhibition of myeloma cells is associated with an extrinsic or intrinsic signaling pathway through activation of TRAIL or TRAIL receptor 2. (uams.edu)
  • Overexpression of HER-2/neu has been associated with advanced stage, deep myometrial invasion, and poor survival in endometrial cancers in several studies. (medmuv.com)
  • Overexpression of SOX9 promoted NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. (cancerindex.org)
  • Overexpression and involvement in migration by the metastasis-associated phosphatase PRL-3 in human myeloma cells. (uams.edu)
  • The overexpression of a membrane protein designated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a typical phenotypic marker of pleiotropic drug resistance. (ashpublications.org)
  • Activation from the NLRP3 inflammasome needs set up of NLRP3 and caspase-1 (casp-1) bridged jointly through the adaptor proteins ASC, wherein casp-1 undergoes autoproteolytic digesting. (cancercurehere.com)
  • Then, he moved to Stanford University for a postdoctoral fellowship on the role of transcription factor Pbx1, a leukemia proto-oncogene, on B cell development. (stanford.edu)
  • B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. (lab-ally.com)
  • RESULTS: Atp8a1 deletion resulted in slight hyperleukocytosis, associated with the high proliferation of HSCs and BCR/ABL1 transformed leukemia stem cells (LSCs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Success of conventional chemotherapeutic regiment is based on the principle that tumors with high growth fractions (such as acute myelogenous leukemia and the lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease) are more sensitive to chemotherapy because a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division at any given time. (justia.com)
  • RESULTS: Of 15 patients enrolled, 10 (67%) had high-risk features (del17p, t[4;14], t[14;16], 1q gain/amplification, plasma cell leukemia, extramedullary MM, or functional high risk), 12 (80%) were lenalidomide-refractory, and 5 (33.3%) bortezomib-refractory. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • At molecular level, down-regulation of HSP70-2 resulted in reduced expression of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules and mesenchymal markers and enhanced expression of CDK inhibitors, caspases, pro-apoptotic molecules and epithelial markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Epithelial cells have a specific microscopic structure with different lateral , apical, and basal membrane domains. (amboss.com)
  • A benign tumor that arises from glandular epithelial cells. (amboss.com)
  • By using Fh1-deficient mouse epithelial kidney cells we have recently demonstrated that in the absence of Fh1, the TCA cycle is definitely truncated causing an build up of fumarate and succinate paralleled by a decrease of malate and citrate. (immune-source.com)
  • HSP70-2 expression was examined in 154 tumor and 103 adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) specimens and breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, BT-474, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231) by RT-PCR, quantitative-PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry Formalin fixed, paraffin inlayed sections were dewaxed and rehydrated before antigen retrieval by microwaving in citrate buffer pH?6. (immune-source.com)
  • Moreover we observe that the addition of the GLS1 inhibitor BPTES hampers protein polymerization by stabilizing inactive tetramers. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • This invention relates to methods of inducing differential stress resistance in a subject with cancer by starving the subject for a short term, administering a cell growth inhibitor to the subject, or reducing the caloric or glucose intake by the subject. (justia.com)
  • The method may further comprise administering to the subject a cell growth inhibitor. (justia.com)
  • Another method of the invention comprises administering a cell growth inhibitor to the subject and administering to the subject a chemotherapy agent. (justia.com)
  • Two different siRNAs Selleckchem AZD5363 against TRPC1 largely inhibited hypoxia-induced upregulation of VEGF mRNA and protein levels. (interleukinreceptor.com)
  • RESULTS: Compared with normal liver tissue, miR-424-5p expression was significantly decreased, while YAP1 mRNA and protein levels were obviously upregulated in liver cancer tissues, which were related to the clinical stage. (bvsalud.org)
  • CAFs maintain their phenotype for numerous passages during culture in vitro without exposure to cancer cells, while NFs cannot be infinitely proliferous like cancer cells ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Liver cancer HCCLM3 and MHCC97-L cells and normal liver HL-7702 cells were cultured in vitro to compare expression levels of miR-424-5p and YAP1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • In this regard we now provide novel information demonstrating that the assembly of higher order fiber-like GAC oligomers henceforth termed the GAC superstructure is necessary for proper enzyme activation both in vitro and in a cancer cell model. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)
  • Taken together, our present data suggest that TRPC1, but not TRPC3 or 5, is involved in hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in U-87 MG cells. (interleukinreceptor.com)
  • HSP70-2 expression was detected in majority of breast cancer patients (83 %) irrespective of various histotypes, stages and grades. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HSP70-2 expression was also observed in all breast cancer cells (BT-474, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) used in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the clinical relevance and association of HSP70-2 expression in IDC specimens have not been investigated so far. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we have investigated the possible association of HSP70-2 mRNA and protein expression with various stages, grades and histotypes of breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we provide evidence that HSP70-2 expression is associated with IDC histotype of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Over-expression of CKS1B activates both MEK/ERK and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways and promotes myeloma cell drug-resistance. (uams.edu)
  • High expression of BCL3 in human myeloma cells is associated with increased proliferation and inferior prognosis. (uams.edu)
  • The oxidative stress response regulates DKK1 expression through the JNK signaling cascade in multiple myeloma plasma cells. (uams.edu)
  • Lastly we demonstrate that MDA-MB 231 cells silenced for the endogenous GAC expression and stably expressing an ectopic fiber-prone superactive mutant proliferate more consume higher amounts of glutamine and grow bigger than the wild-type and mock transformed cells. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)
  • When multivariate analysis was used to determine if HER-2/neu was an independent prognostic factor in endometrial cancers taking into account other molecular features such as DNA ploidy, epidermal growth factor receptor, or p53 status, HER-2/neu status failed to achieve significance. (medmuv.com)
  • Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)
  • γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)
  • Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
  • It is involved in theregulation of heat shock protein 27 transcription, can act as an estrogen receptor co-repressorand is a candidate for breast tumorigenesis. (immune-source.com)
  • Heat shock family of proteins (HSPs) is proposed to play pivotal role in breast tumor development owing to their intrinsic molecular chaperone properties [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • This family of proteins comprises two subfamilies that share a DNA-binding and dimerization domain called the Rel homology domain (RHD) [ 4 ] and form homo- or hetero- dimers. (oncotarget.com)
  • It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the tumour cells have undergone hypermutation, 21 23 a feature of the GC reaction during B-cell activation and differentiation. (bmj.com)
  • Decreased ferroportin promotes myeloma cell growth and osteoclast differentiation. (uams.edu)
  • A type of clonal malignancy characterized by excess accumulation of lymphoblasts that phenotypically resemble the early stages of normal B-cell differentiation. (lab-ally.com)
  • Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation , and cell proliferation . (lookformedical.com)
  • Sertoli cells have receptors for FSH. (medicosplexus.com)
  • Conversely, web host cells want lipids for mounting a solid immune system response to infections through conserved design identification receptors (Castrillo et al. (cancercurehere.com)
  • A cell-mediated immune defense mechanism in which the immune system actively breaks down the membrane of a target cell. (lab-ally.com)
  • PURPOSE: The eukaryotic cell plasma membrane contains several asymmetrically distributed phospholipids, which is maintained by the P4-ATPase flippase complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • Strong red fluorescence of IR700-12A8 was observed on the cell membrane of GIST cells and was gradually internalized into the cytoplasm. (thno.org)
  • Cholesterol can 16-Dehydroprogesterone be an important lipid in mammalian cell membranes assisting varied functions, one of the most fundamental which are membrane integrity and fluidity (Maxfield and Tabas, 2005). (cancercurehere.com)
  • P-gp belongs to a group of phosphorylated glycoproteins that function in the cell membrane as efflux pumps. (ashpublications.org)
  • Transmembrane region of proteins is likely to have a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids. (medicosplexus.com)
  • Until recently, the treatment of cancer has been largely focused on the development of therapeutic agents or techniques that kill cancer cells. (justia.com)
  • This, in turn, creates a clonal population of a single abnormal cell. (medscape.com)
  • This phase 2 study evaluated oral azacitidine (CC-486) plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) as initial treatment for PTCL. (bvsalud.org)
  • Anaplastic Anemia is an uncommon disease resulting in deficiencies of blood cell production by bone marrow. (lab-ally.com)
  • Too many immature white blood cells are present in the blood and bone marrow. (lab-ally.com)
  • This is a form of AML in which excess amounts of promyelocytes (immature white blood cells) are found in bone marrow. (lab-ally.com)
  • Elo-KRd treatment did not augment NK cell distribution or activity in blood or bone marrow. (bvsalud.org)
  • This protein, also known as viral protein 3 (VP3) was isolated from chickens, and has been shown to cause PCD in transformed human cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • His work covers various topics, including B cell responses to viral infection and vaccination, human primary immunodeficiency, and biology of lymphocyte development and function and to elucidate etiology of immunological disorders. (stanford.edu)
  • Apoptin seems to detect signals of survival in cancer cells, which it can reroute into impulses for cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 2 ] Literature since the rituximab era has shown a further increase in overall survival. (medscape.com)
  • Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is upregulated in myelomatous bone and supports myeloma cell survival. (uams.edu)
  • The histone demethylase JMJD2B is critical for p53-mediated autophagy and survival in Nutlin-treated cancer cells. (rush.edu)
  • Long studied as a key component of the immune response, IκBζ emerges as an important regulator of inflammation, cell proliferation and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • In addition, anti-cancerous agents, such as TNFα, ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs activate p50/p65 [ 15 , 16 ] leading to cell survival and consequently to drug resistance. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cell survival. (lookformedical.com)
  • It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION . (lookformedical.com)
  • Although this most common gynecologic cancer carries the best prognosis, it is important to differentiate between the classic endometrioid tumors that tend to be estrogen dependent and well differentiated, from other less common high-risk uterine malignancies, such as uterine papillary serous carcinomas (UPSCs), clear cell carcinomas, mixed mullerian tumors (MMTs), or sarcomas, which appear to have a different biology. (medmuv.com)
  • The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
  • B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Although genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in components of the central dogma clearly elicit disease development in humans, recent findings also point to a prominent role for non-protein-coding regions of the genome in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as in contributing to the formation of human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measured by its ability to block anti-ErbB2 mediated inhibition of SK‑BR‑3 human breast cancer cell proliferation. (novusbio.com)
  • These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. (explorationpub.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The protein abundance for members of key signaling pathways was confirmed using western blotting. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 2 ] No sex preponderance is seen for follicular lymphomas, but the incidence increases with age and varies across racial groups. (medscape.com)
  • Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) with T-follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH) has recurrent mutations affecting epigenetic regulators, which may contribute to aberrant DNA methylation and chemoresistance. (bvsalud.org)
  • While there is some controversy surrounding recent research that claims that miR-155 may display anti-oncogenic or pro-immunological benefits (Cell Rep 2:1697-1709, 2012), most research seems to point to the importance of anti-miRs, with anti-miR-155 in particular, for cancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EXPERIMENTAL Methods Protein Creation Enzymatic Assay Size Exclusion Serial Dilution and Site-directed Mutagenesis Recombinant protein manifestation and purification the streamlined glutaminase activity assay as well as the size exclusion evaluation of serial dilutions had been performed as previously released (5). (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Interleukin-2 (IL-2) benefits some cancer patients by promoting the proliferation of cytotoxic effector T cells, but this process is limited by the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
  • The induced differential stress resistance results in improved resistance to cytotoxicity in normal cells, which, in turn, reduces cytotoxic side-effects due to chemotherapy, as well as improved effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. (justia.com)
  • As these drugs cause damage to cells they are termed cytotoxic. (justia.com)
  • Because chemotherapy affects cell division, both normal and cancerous cells are susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents. (justia.com)
  • 24 25 This is a process catalysed by B-cell specific V(D)J recombinase activating enzymes RAG-1/2 which are expressed in both pre-B cells and GC B cells. (bmj.com)
  • A small Ca++ binding protein that modifies activity of many enzymes and other proteins in response to changes of Ca++ concentration is known as Calmodulin. (medicosplexus.com)
  • Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
  • Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell-based molecular mechanistic assays are combined with preclinical models coupled to polypectomy. (tamu.edu)
  • 1) Cancer is classified as a group of diseases, all of which are characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not only does the peptide have a reduced hemolytic action, it also is semi-selective towards cancer cells and leaves non-cancerous cells largely unharmed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Different cancer types tend to depend on a limited number of 'driver' oncogene mutations. (cancerquest.org)
  • Selected oncogenes that have been associated with numerous cancer types are described in more detail below. (cancerquest.org)
  • Cancer - Cancer When good cells go bad What is cancer? (powershow.com)
  • CAFs provide cancer cells with nutrition and promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cells ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the potential role and association of HSP70-2 with breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This suggests HSP70-2 may be potential candidate molecule for development of better breast cancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also report that HSP70-2 plays an important role in cellular growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and tumor growth of breast cancer xenograft. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer cells that proliferate quickly and unlike normal cells. (lab-ally.com)
  • This is a cancer that usually affects the skeletal cells in the trunk, arms, and legs. (lab-ally.com)
  • BCC is a type of skin cancer that creates lesions and uncontrolled growth in the basal cells of the epidermis. (lab-ally.com)
  • In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
  • The male-to-female ratio in head and neck cancer is 2:1. (medscape.com)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • provide the aforesaid proliferative advantage to cancer cells (3-5). (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. (explorationpub.com)
  • In particular, the present invention provides methods for enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inducing differential stress resistance in normal cells and cancer cells via short-term starvation, cell growth inhibitors, or reduced caloric or glucose intake. (justia.com)
  • The present invention provides a novel approach to cancer therapy by providing a method to differentially enhance the resistance of normal cells to chemotherapeutic agents, thereby, improving the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents in killing cancerous cells. (justia.com)
  • In another aspect, the invention features methods of contacting a cancer cell with a chemotherapy agent and methods of increasing resistance of a non-cancer cell to a chemotherapy agent. (justia.com)
  • Plasmid driven short hairpin RNA approach was employed to validate the role of HSP70-2 in cellular proliferation, senescence, migration, invasion and tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Metabolic changes in genetic disorder which renders fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase in liver less sensitive to regulation by fructose 2,6 bisphosphate are level of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate lower than normal, less pyruvate is formed and less ATP generation. (medicosplexus.com)
  • While the mechanisms of tumorigenesis in FH-deficient cells have been extensively looked into, the metabolic changes caused by the loss of FH activity have only been partially tackled. (immune-source.com)
  • p100 and p105 can however undergo limited proteolysis to generate p52 and p50, respectively, which can form heterodimers with Rel proteins to form transcriptional activators [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Herein, we demonstrated the biological effects and mechanisms of asymmetrical loss in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). (bvsalud.org)
  • RNA sequencing was performed on Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells, and DNA damage was assayed using immunofluorescence staining and comet electrophoresis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Breast cancers are mostly adenocarcinomas which include invasive type such as infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and non-invasive type, Ductal Carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by LPLI are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
  • First, γδ T cells exposed to complicated cytokine networks are potentially affected by multiple inhibitory mechanisms. (explorationpub.com)
  • This review further emphasizes the diversified cross-talk between γδ T cells and other immune cells. (explorationpub.com)
  • It is hoped that the host immune status can be accurately predicted and gradually advance γδ T cell precise individualized medicine. (explorationpub.com)
  • Epigenetic 'readers', 'writers' and 'erasers' are targeted that reversibly regulate immune players in the antigen-presentation pathway. (tamu.edu)
  • Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibodies attack "normal" proteins found in the cellular nucleus. (lab-ally.com)
  • 577Role of Cellular Proteins in RV Replication. (vdocuments.net)
  • JMJD2 promotes acquired cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. (rush.edu)