• Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intestinal antigens (IAg) (originating either from pathogenic microorganisms or from food) that enter the portal circulation, are captured by intrahepatic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to T cell receptor (TCR) recognition and hence the activation of the adaptive immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cluster of Differentiation 79 (CD79) is a transmembrane protein found exclusively in B cells that is the transducer component of B-cell receptor (BCR), generating a signal following recognition of antigen by the BCR. (nationaljewish.org)
  • MHC class II receptors display antigens for recognition by helper T cells (stimulate development of B cell clones) and inflammatory T cells (cause the release of lymphokines that attract other cells to site of infection) ( PUBMED:15120183 ). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. (origene.com)
  • Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. (genetex.com)
  • Kraus E, Lambracht D, Wonigeit K, Hünig T: Negative regulation of rat natural killer cell activity by major histocompatibility complex class I recognition. (exbio.cz)
  • The zeta chain has a central role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. (prospecbio.com)
  • Importantly, T cells artificially expressing the MAGE-A3-Mp4 specific TCRs exhibited strong MAGE-A3+ tumor cell recognition and killing effect. (thno.org)
  • This junctional region of the TCR chains, also known as the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3), is highly diverse and is an important determinant of antigen recognition by T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antigen recognition depends on both T-cell specificity and the molecular complex presenting the antigen. (biorxiv.org)
  • Successful antigen recognition requires T cells to effectively recognize the body's MHC and coordinate a response. (biorxiv.org)
  • These HDI-responsive T cells expressed unique oligoclonal gamma/delta rather than alpha/beta T-cell receptors, with characteristics suggestive of antigen-mediated selection and specificity. (cdc.gov)
  • This interaction is central to antigen specificity in the adaptive immune response. (rndsystems.com)
  • Thus, analysis of TCR CDR3 sequences has provided a useful means to study clonal expansions, repertoire breadth, and other properties such as CDR3 length polymorphisms, V(D)J gene usage, and sequence specificity of the T cell response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The interaction between the GM and intrahepatic immune microenvironment is regulated and stabilized by a complex network of factors including IAg, immune cells, and cytokines. (frontiersin.org)
  • The HDI-stimulated gamma/delta T cells were associated with T(H)1-like cytokines and produce IFN-gamma but not IL-5 or IL-13. (cdc.gov)
  • At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
  • During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
  • T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
  • However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • ABSTRACT The role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of beta-thalassaemia is still unclear. (who.int)
  • However, certain factors such as low junctional diversity, thymic selection, and T-cell proliferation upon antigen exposure can affect TCR sharing among individuals. (biorxiv.org)
  • Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Probable role in assembly and expression of the TCR complex as well as signal transduction upon antigen triggering. (lu.se)
  • Olfactory receptor 6C4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR6C4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Her work on the T cell tyrosine kinase ITK has revealed a critical role for this TCR signaling protein in autoreactive T cell trafficking into tissues such as the pancreas and the intestine. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing MHC_II_alpha domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Interleukin-2-Receptor (IL-2R) is a protein that is expressed on the cell surface of T and B cells upon activation of by antigen stimulation. (sekisuimedical.jp)
  • Full length human recombinant protein of human CD3E(NP_000724) produced in HEK293T cell. (origene.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is the CD3-epsilon polypeptide, which together with CD3-gamma, -delta and -zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. (origene.com)
  • Several V and J segments of the alpha locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. (genetex.com)
  • Shao H, Sun SL, Kaplan HJ, Sun D: Characterization of rat CD8+ uveitogenic T cells specific for interphotoreceptor retinal-binding protein 1177-1191: J Immunol. (exbio.cz)
  • Fc epsilon RI alpha is a transmembrane protein that associates with beta and gamma subunits to form the high affinity IgE receptor on basophils and mast cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • While much is known about the structure and function of the T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta heterodimer, information has just begun to emerge about the gamma protein, the product of a third rearranging T-cell receptor gene. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The key targets in the Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection pipeline drugs market are Tyrosine Protein Kinase JAK1, Tyrosine Protein Kinase JAK2, Tyrosine Protein Kinase BTK, Interleukin 2 Receptor, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1, Alpha 1 Antitrypsin, Cells Expressing B Lymphocyte Antigen CD20, Interleukin 2 Receptor Subunit Beta, Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor, and Tyrosine Protein Kinase ITK/TSK among others. (globaldata.com)
  • The key mechanisms of action in the Bone Marrow Transplant Rejection pipeline drugs market are Tyrosine Protein Kinase JAK1 Inhibitor, Tyrosine Protein Kinase JAK2 Inhibitor, Tyrosine Protein Kinase BTK Inhibitor, Interleukin 2 Receptor Agonist, Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Replacement, Cytotoxic To Cells Expressing B Lymphocyte Antigen CD20 , Interleukin 2 Receptor Subunit Beta Antagonist, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Agonist, Tyrosine Protein Kinase ITK/TSK Inhibitor, and CD40 Ligand Inhibitor among others. (globaldata.com)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants as variants of concern because they carry mutations in their spike protein that increase their transmissibility and ability to evade vaccine-induced immunity, as compared to the ancestral Wuhan strain. (news-medical.net)
  • As the MHC is encoded by highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci in humans, this process of thymic selection occurs within the context of an individual's HLA type. (biorxiv.org)
  • Partial or complete deficiencies of the components of the complement system, including its receptors and regulatory proteins, are now described in humans and may be of a genetic or familial origin or acquired. (medscape.com)
  • The receptors are widely expressed in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from this cohort of individuals were used to map out the viral epitopes targeted by T cells in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • The focus of Dr. Berg's work is on the signaling proteins and pathways regulating T lymphocyte development, differentiation, activation, and migration, with a strong emphasis on T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Nagata K, Nakamura T, Kitamura F, Kuramochi S, Taki S, Campbell KS, Karasuyama H: The Ig alpha/Igbeta heterodimer on mu-negative proB cells is competent for transducing signals to induce early B cell differentiation. (exbio.cz)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • In this study, highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted, classified in relation to normal B-cell differentiation [1]. (lu.se)
  • The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. (wikidoc.org)
  • CD8 alpha chains bind to class-I MHC molecules alpha-3 domains. (whispermovie.com)
  • Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Besides antigen presentation, growing evidence is showing thatligation of MHC class II molecules also activates intracellular signalingpathways, frequently leading to apoptosis. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The fluorochrome-labeled 359-81-11 antibody is useful for intracellular immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis to identify LT-α -producing cells within mixed cell populations. (biolegend.com)
  • Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or splenocytes harvested from the vaccinated animals 14 days after the second vaccine dose and analyzed through flow cytometry were used for intracellular cytokine staining assay and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay to examine the immune responses elicited by the vaccines. (news-medical.net)
  • The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • MHC II proteins present peptide antigens that originate extracellularly from foreign bodies such as bacteria. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Proteins from the pathogen are degraded into peptide fragments within the APC, which sequesters these fragments into the endosome so they can bind to MHC class II proteins, before being transported to the cell surface. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • However, both present peptide fragments rather than entire proteins to T cells, and are required to mount an immune response. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • There are 2489 MHC_II_alpha domains in 2483 proteins in SMART's nrdb database. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing MHC_II_alpha domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with MHC_II_alpha domain is also avaliable . (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • They both are transmembrane proteins with extended cytoplasmic domains containing immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motives (ITAMs), and together with cell surface immunoglobulin they constitute B-cell antigen-specific receptor (BCR). (exbio.cz)
  • Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) include complement and complement receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Defects in the expression of complement or complement receptors may result in loss of tolerance to self-proteins and the development of immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medscape.com)
  • The objective of this study is to explore the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (frontiersin.org)
  • The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have a round nucleus ( Delves, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 10,000 parasites/µL) was associated mononuclear cells exposed to malaria antigens in vitro with increased risk for perinatal MTCT (ARR 2.0), com- pared to low-density malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study production levels of interleukins (IL)-12 and IL-13 were measured by commercial ELISA in culture supernatants of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 non-splenectomized beta-thalassaemia cases with iron overload and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. (who.int)
  • Ly-49A is a single-pass type-II transmembrane that is encoded by Klra1 (Killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A member 1) which belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Transmembrane signaling by crosslinkage of the CD3/T cell receptor-alpha/beta complex with the cluster determinant 2 antigen. (silverchair.com)
  • Anti-CD79 antibody induces B cell anergy that protects against autoimmunity. (nationaljewish.org)
  • Hünig T, Wallny HJ, Hartley JK, Lawetzky A, Tiefenthaler G: A monoclonal antibody to a constant determinant of the rat T cell antigen receptor that induces T cell activation. (exbio.cz)
  • However, Ig alpha, Ig beta, and most of the other receptor chains that contain ITAMs, including CD3 epsilon, CD3 gamma, TCR zeta, and Fc epsilon Rl gamma, are found as components of multimeric and heterogeneous complexes. (nih.gov)
  • These data are the first to demonstrate that HDI can selectively stimulate gamma/delta T cells with the potential to modulate the human immune response to exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • There are five types of heavy chains: alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma and mu, all consisting of a variable domain (VH) and three (in alpha, delta and gamma) or four (in epsilon and mu) constant domains (CH1 to CH4). (embl.de)
  • Human T cell receptor (TCR) is a T cell surface expressed heterodimer of alpha/beta or gamma/delta chains. (ancell.com)
  • Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. (genetex.com)
  • In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. (genetex.com)
  • If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. (genetex.com)
  • The antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) is composed of either alpha and beta subunit, or gamma and delta subunit. (exbio.cz)
  • Majority of T cells present in the blood, lymph and secondary lymphoid organs express TCR alpha/beta heterodimers, whereas the T cells expressing TCR gamma/delta heterodimers are localized mainly in epithelial tissues and at the sites of infection. (exbio.cz)
  • CD247 is T-cell receptor zeta, which along with T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, and also with CD3-gamma, -delta and -epsilon, creates the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. (prospecbio.com)
  • Analysis of T-cell receptor gamma chain expression in the thymus. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We describe the use of antiserum to a carboxy-terminal peptide common to several of the murine gamma chain constant regions and a monoclonal antibody to the murine T3 complex to identify products of this T-cell receptor gene family in a subpopulation of Lyt2-, L3T4- thymocytes. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Analysis of T-cell receptor gamma chain expression in the thymus. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The N501Y mutation in the receptor binding domain (RBD), which is reported to increase transmissibility by 40-70%, is shared by the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Omicron variants. (news-medical.net)
  • Additionally, the Beta, Gamma, and Omicron variants also carry substitution mutations in the E484 and K417 positions, while the D614G mutation is present in all five variants of concern. (news-medical.net)
  • The TCR/CD3 complex of T-lymphocytes consists of either a TCR alpha/beta or TCR gamma/delta heterodimer coexpressed at the cell surface with the invariant subunits of CD3 labeled gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta. (lu.se)
  • Class II MHC glycoproteins are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC), including macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs), which are the most important antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that send signals to the T cells, mainly participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases with immunoregulatory mechanisms, such as AR. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, ICAM-3 expression has been shown for dendritic epidermal Langerhans cells, whereas it is absent on other dendritic cells from different lymphoid organs. (biovendor.com)
  • Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mice with C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of Treg and Th17 cells. (medscape.com)
  • It is a single-chain membrane glycoprotein of approximately 200 kd that has 4 allotypic forms on myeloid cells (eg, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes), lymphoid cells (mostly B cells), follicular dendritic cells, and glomerular podocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Recent data suggest that ICAM-3 expression can be induced on endothelial cells in lymphoid neoplasms as shown for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's disease. (biovendor.com)
  • This study tested the hypothesis that elevated L-leucine concentrations in plasma reduce nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by endothelial cells (ECs) and affect adiposity in obese rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Constitutive expression of MHCclass II molecules is confined to professional antigen-presenting cells(APC) of the immune system, and in nonprofessional APCs MHC class IImolecules can be induced by a variety of immune regulators. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found 16 significant regulated pathways in imDCs and 10 significant regulated pathways in mDCs, including the phagosome, cell adhesion signaling pathway, and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • The vast diversity of possible T-cell receptors (TCR) is generated by the random recombination of genes in the third complimentary determining regions (CDR3) within a TCR's α and β chains. (biorxiv.org)
  • Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. (wikipedia.org)
  • MHC class II molecules are comprised of two membrane-spanning chains, alpha and beta, of similar size. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Interestingly,activated T cells from many species, with the exception of mice,synthesize and express MHC class II molecules at their cell surface. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • T cells mature in the thymus, where their affinity to MHC molecules is tested prior to subsequent release into the periphery. (biorxiv.org)
  • Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
  • The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)
  • Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The complement system, interacting with its regulatory molecules and cellular receptors, plays a central role in the induction and regulation of immunity. (medscape.com)
  • The response of a B cell to antigen is dependent on the surface expression of a clonotypic B-cell receptor complex (BCR) consisting of membrane-bound Ig and disulfide-linked heterodimers of Ig alpha/beta. (nih.gov)
  • Here we present evidence that heterodimers of Ig alpha and Ig beta efficiently induced apoptosis while homodimers of either chain did not. (nih.gov)
  • Koyama M, Ishihara K, Karasuyama H, Cordell JL, Iwamoto A, Nakamura T: CD79 alpha/CD79 beta heterodimers are expressed on pro-B cell surfaces without associated mu heavy chain. (exbio.cz)
  • Ninety-five percent of T cells in the blood express T cell receptor (TCR) consisting of heterodimers of αβ chains [ 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. (wikidoc.org)
  • Subsequently, in pre-B cells, CD79 heterodimer is associated with lambda5-VpreB surrogate immunoglobulin and later with antigen-specific surface immunoglobulins. (exbio.cz)
  • Teh YM, Neuberger MS: The immunoglobulin (Ig)alpha and Igbeta cytoplasmic domains are independently sufficient to signal B cell maturation and activation in transgenic mice. (exbio.cz)
  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3 (ICAM-3) is a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family and functions as a ligand for the Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1). (biovendor.com)
  • they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. (genetex.com)
  • This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor alpha and delta loci. (genetex.com)
  • Both the alpha and delta loci include V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments and the delta locus also includes diversity (D) segments. (genetex.com)
  • We show that the physical distribution of nucleosomes at antigen receptor loci is subject to regulated cell type-specific and lineage-specific positioning and correlates with the accessibility of these gene segments to recombination. (fsu.edu)
  • Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the T cell receptor (TCR) β loci has emerged as a sensitive way to measure the T cell repertoire. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore they established that anti-CD79a/b antibodies (intact, or mutants incompetent to bind IgG receptors and activate the complement cascade) block the development of disease and ameliorate ongoing target organ injury in MRL/LPR mouse model of Rheumatoid Arthritis, NOD mice for Type 1 Diabetes and EAE mouse model for MS. (nationaljewish.org)
  • CD79b (Ig beta, B29) forms disulfide-linked heterodimer with CD79a (Ig alpha, MB1). (exbio.cz)
  • T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measuring soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor (sIL-2R) can be useful in the aid-in-diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and ATL (adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma) as well as for the follow-up of patients who have been diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma or ATL (adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma). (sekisuimedical.jp)
  • A major focus has been understanding the role of intra-islet communication and functional sub-populations of cells in islet function, and how disruption to intra-islet communication mechanisms and changes in sub-populations occur in diabetes and may contribute to islet decline. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • DNA sequence analysis of T-cell receptors was used to further define clonal populations of HDI-responsive T cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Current technologies for treatment of many lymphomas, leukemias, transplant rejection and some autoimmune disorders include monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that target and deplete B cell populations. (nationaljewish.org)
  • Testing of T cell-based cancer therapeutics often involves measuring cancer antigen-specific T-cell populations with the assumption that they arise from in vivo clonal expansion. (duke.edu)
  • We identified UNC-CDK4-1/HLA-A*02:01 tetramer⁺ populations in 3 of 6 patients with acute myeloid leukemia who had undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (duke.edu)
  • In an effort to bridge this gap, we evaluated cryopreserved PBMCs from 4 patients who survived Ebola virus disease (EVD) using an established mass cytometry antibody panel to characterize various cell populations during both the acute and convalescent phases. (cdc.gov)
  • Unsupervised analysis of cell abundance demonstrated acute declines in monocytic, NK, and T cell populations, but some populations, many of myeloid origin, increased in abundance during the acute phase, suggesting emergency hematopoiesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite cell losses during the acute phase, upregulation of Ki-67 correlated with recovery of cell populations over time. (cdc.gov)
  • Mapping recurrent TCRβ clonotype sequences onto TCRβ repertoires can help confirm or refute antigen-specific T-cell expansion in vivo. (duke.edu)
  • The locus encoding the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) α-chain and δ-chain (Tcra-Tcrd) undergoes recombination of its variable-diversity-joining (V(D)J) segments in CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative thymocytes and CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes to generate diverse TCRδ repertoires and TCRα repertoires, respectively. (duke.edu)
  • The T-cell repertoire derives this high diversity through somatic recombination of the T-cell receptor (TCR) locus, a random process that results in repertoires that are largely private to each individual. (biorxiv.org)
  • Surprisingly, we find that shared antigen exposure to CMV leads to fewer shared TCRβ clones, even after controlling for HLA, indicative of a largely private response to major viral antigenic exposure. (biorxiv.org)
  • 12). Although malaria may increase viral replication in malaria may simultaneously disrupt placental architecture the short term, the concern that the malaria-associated and generate substantial antigen stimulus to HIV replica- increase in viral replication may accelerate HIV disease tion and increase risk for MTCT. (cdc.gov)
  • This phenomenon has been modeled in C57BL/6 mice depleted of CD4 T cells prior to infection with DelNSs RVFV (RVFV containing a deletion of NSs), resulting in late-onset encephalitis accompanied by high levels of viral RNA in the brain in 30% of animals. (cdc.gov)
  • The viral epitopes targeted by CD4 and CD8 T cells were defined in C57BL/6 mice, and tetramers for both CD4 and CD8 T cells were generated. (cdc.gov)
  • Further experiments will involve the characterization of the effectiveness of Curly 14 for modulating immune disease, understanding Curly 14 binding affinity, determination of the antibody binding site and the ability to destabilize and/or desensitize B cells in huSCID and human CD79 knockin mouse models. (nationaljewish.org)
  • From a leukemia cell line, we identified a CDK4-derived peptide epitope, UNC-CDK4-1 (ALTPVVVTL), that bound HLA-A*02:01 with high affinity and could induce CD8⁺ T-cell responses in vitro. (duke.edu)
  • To affinity and beyond: harnessing the T cell receptor for cancer immunotherapy. (musc.edu)
  • Therefore, in healthy individuals self-immunogenic T cells are targeted for apoptosis, while those yielding mild affinity to the MHC are released into the periphery for circulation ( 5 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • The modified spike-trimer's binding affinity to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and other kinetic properties were determined using biolayer interferometry assays. (news-medical.net)
  • The CR1 receptor preferentially binds C3b that is covalently attached to immune complexes, and it has a weaker affinity for bound C4b and iC3b. (medscape.com)
  • Receptor desensitization and therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. (nationaljewish.org)
  • In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
  • We identified the HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitopes from MAGE-A3 that could effectively induce the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells using artificial APC in vitro . (thno.org)
  • Primary allogeneic stimulation in vitro by fractions containing Ia (RT1-B), but not RT1-A antigens. (silverchair.com)
  • The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of CAR T therapies and other genetically engineered cell therapies in recent years has resulted in significant benefits for patients, yet there remains a large unmet need for gene editing systems that can be used to develop novel immunotherapy approaches to treat blood cancers," said Brian C. Thomas, PhD, CEO and Co-Founder of Metagenomi. (businesswire.com)
  • Novel CRISPR-Associated Gene Editing Systems Discovered in Metagenomic Samples Enable Efficient and Specific Genomic Engineering for Cell Therapy Development," three novel gene editing systems were used to make reproducible and efficient edits to human immune cells, demonstrating utility for the next generation of cell therapy development for blood cancers. (businesswire.com)
  • Metagenomi's novel gene editing systems were used to disrupt the T cell receptor alpha-chain constant region and the T cell receptor beta-chain constant region in approximately 90 percent of cells. (businesswire.com)
  • Novel gene editing systems were deployed in NK cells to disrupt CD38 - a cell surface immune modulator that can be targeted in the development of cancer immunotherapy - and to integrate a CAR construct that led to robust CAR-directed cellular cytotoxicity. (businesswire.com)
  • In summary, these novel systems were shown to result in highly efficient and specific gene edits in human immune cells and display the potential for use in cell therapy development. (businesswire.com)
  • Antibody JOVI-3 is specific for the human V beta 3 TCR gene product and reacts with 1-10 of T cells in normal human blood (1, 5). (ancell.com)
  • This gene encodes the CD8 alpha chain isoforms. (wikidoc.org)
  • Recombination of the TCRα chain includes only V and J gene segments, resulting in fewer possible rearrangements and making the TCRβ chain a more suitable target for identifying unique T cells, and thus the focus of this paper. (biorxiv.org)
  • In such a complex it is possible that cooperativity between individual chains imparts functional capacities to the intact receptor that are not predicted from the properties of its constituents. (nih.gov)
  • however, LT-α is also present on the surface of activated T, B and LAK cells as a complex with LT-β. (biolegend.com)
  • The Armenian hamster monoclonal antibody HM79 recognizes an extracellular epitope of mouse CD79b (CD79 beta, Ig beta), a component of B cell receptor (BCR) complex. (exbio.cz)
  • LFA-1, an alpha-beta complex, is a member of the leukocyte integrin family which mediate lymphocyte adhesion. (biovendor.com)
  • Lymphotoxin-α (LT-α), also known as tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), is a potent lymphoid factor that exerts cytotoxic effects on a wide range of tumor cells and certain other target cells. (biolegend.com)
  • GEP analyses were performed on highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted tumor-cells from eight subgroups of BCLs. (lu.se)
  • This enabled identification of TFs that can be uniquely associated to the tumor cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (lu.se)
  • The YE1/48.10.6 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes Lymphocyte antigen 49a (Ly-49A). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Antibody JOVI-3 is mitogenic for T cells expressing TCR V beta 3. (ancell.com)
  • FACS analysis of positive PEER cells (left and middle panel) or negative control Jurkat cells (right panel) using GTX79232 TCR V delta 1 antibody [TS8.2]. (genetex.com)
  • Müller N, van den Brandt J, Odoardi F, Tischner D, Herath J, Flügel A, Reichardt HM: A CD28 superagonistic antibody elicits 2 functionally distinct waves of T cell activation in rats. (exbio.cz)
  • Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Virus-specific antibody responses correlated with protection from encephalitis in all mouse strains, suggesting that Tfh-B cell interactions modulate clinical outcome in this model. (cdc.gov)
  • Most patients with primary Sjogren syndrome have two specific antibodies: against Ro (SS-A) and La (SSB) antigens. (medscape.com)
  • When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Next-generation vaccines that utilize T cells could potentially overcome the limitations of current influenza vaccines that rely on antibodies to provide narrow subtype-specific protection and are prone to antigenic mismatch with circulating strains. (mdpi.com)
  • A modified vaccine antigen containing substitution mutations shared by the variants of concern could elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against the circulating variants. (news-medical.net)
  • Therefore, we developed a novel system in which we could form and then aggregate dimers, representative of partial receptor complexes, which contained either Ig alpha alone, Ig beta alone, or the two chains together and then examine their ability to induce apoptosis in the immature B-cell line, WEHI-231. (nih.gov)
  • T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. (uams.edu)
  • sIL-2R are alpha chains of the IL-2R which have been cleaved by protease and released into blood. (sekisuimedical.jp)
  • Five variable segments can be used in either alpha or delta chains and are described by TRAV/DV symbols. (genetex.com)
  • Lack of expression of any of the chains is sufficient to stop cell surface expression. (exbio.cz)
  • The functional coreceptor is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one beta chain. (wikidoc.org)
  • In this brief review, a detailed account of the putative mechanisms by which the normal physiology of T cells are disturbed and why regulatory T cells fail to alleviate proinflammatory response in SLE will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
  • The discovery and characterization of new antigens implicated in the pathogenesis of T1D is a high priority as it can lead to new diagnostic tools and anticipate that studies proposed by Dr. Baker will provide critical information to target autoreactive T cells though antigen-specific therapies. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • The CRF2gamma cDNA encodes for a 397-amino acid receptor that has an amino terminus with no significant homology to the already reported alpha- and beta-termini. (nih.gov)
  • The alpha chain is synthesized by recombination joining a single V segment with a J segment. (genetex.com)
  • As a result, VDJ recombination, HLA restriction, and antigen exposure collectively contribute to a largely private TCRβ repertoire. (biorxiv.org)
  • T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain (CD247) is a member of the CD3Z/FCER1G family. (prospecbio.com)
  • The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
  • The mouse monoclonal R73 recognizes an extracellular epitope TCR alpha/beta, the dominant subtype of T cell receptor expressed in peripheral blood. (exbio.cz)
  • This entry represents the N-terminal domain (also called alpha-1 domain) of the alpha chain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Because allelic exclusion leads to the expression of only one TCR chain in mature T cells [ 29 ], each unique CDR3 sequence is a proxy for T cell clonotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • T cell receptor (TcR) usage was studied using the "anchored" polymerase chain reaction. (ox.ac.uk)
  • TcR alpha-chain usage was restricted with three predominant V alpha (V alpha 12.1, 14.1, 22) and two predominant J alpha segments. (ox.ac.uk)
  • beta-chain variable-region usage was also conserved, with V beta 7 being used by five clones despite contributing less than 2% of peripheral blood lymphocyte V beta sequences of one individual studied. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The TcR beta-chain junctional region was highly conserved even between CTL clones from unrelated individuals, with a negatively charged amino acid, contributed to by N-region addition, encoded at position 97 in all but two clones. (ox.ac.uk)
  • HDI antigen preparations but not "mock exposed" control antigens lead to increased proliferation of specific cell types, CD3+CD4-CD8(dim) and/ or CD3+CD4-CD8- cells, from HDI-exposed but not from HDI-unexposed subjects. (cdc.gov)
  • Human T-cell lines were generated and characterized from peripheral blood of HDI-exposed and HDI-unexposed subjects, using two different HDI antigens, HDI-conjugated albumin and HDI-exposed human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292). (cdc.gov)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common subtype, comprised approximately 85% of the newly diagnosed lung cancer cases [ 2 ]. (thno.org)
  • The adaptive immune system of a healthy adult includes up to 10 15 highly diverse T cells ( 1 , 2 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Molecular Components of the Immune System The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)
  • A cohort of HLA-A2+ NSCLC donors demonstrated that the number of epitope specific CD8+ T cells increased in NSCLC than healthy controls when measured with tetramer derived from the candidate MAGE-A3 epitopes, especially epitope Mp4 (MAGE-A3: 160-169, LVFGIELMEV). (thno.org)
  • Statistical and machine-learning based analyses demonstrated that the MAGE-A3-Mp4 epitope-specific CD8+ T cell clones were mostly in effector and proliferating state. (thno.org)
  • Low expression of the CD247 antigen causes impaired immune response. (prospecbio.com)
  • Fc epsilon RI expression on human DC and Langerhans cells is upregulated during allergic reactions (atopy) and correlates with serum IgE concentration. (rndsystems.com)
  • Cell surface expression of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin by activated normal human T cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Among healthy individuals, the number of CR1 receptors on the red blood cells varies widely, yet the phenotypic expression, regulated by 2 codominant alleles, is stable. (medscape.com)
  • Studies of Ig alpha or Ig beta have shown that the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) found in each cytoplasmic tail is capable of inducing most receptor signaling events. (nih.gov)
  • B cell antigen receptor desensitization: disruption of receptor coupling to tyrosine kinase activation. (nationaljewish.org)
  • Kouro T, Nagata K, Takaki S, Nisitani S, Hirano M, Wahl MI, Witte ON, Karasuyama H, Takatsu K: Bruton's tyrosine kinase is required for signaling the CD79b-mediated pro-B to pre-B cell transition. (exbio.cz)
  • ICAM-3 is expressed on resting lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, representing the major LFA-1 ligand on these cells. (biovendor.com)
  • The density of CR1 receptors on cell surfaces varies with the cell type and with the activation of the cell for neutrophils and monocytes. (medscape.com)