Cell mediated immune sera. Medical search. Frequent questions

Endothelial cells increase the expression of adhesion molecules, and monocytes and macrophages release proinflammatory cytokines. (medscape.com)
Dysregulated production of IFNγ and other pivotal cytokines including IL-1, IL-6 and IL-18 can arise from either loss or gain of function in the immune response, with different implications for therapy and prognosis. (nature.com)
To perform this function, DC are capable of capturing antigens, processing them, and presenting them on the cell surface complexed to major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules, for example, human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) DR. Along with that, context-dependent expression of costimulatory molecules, such as CD80 and CD86, and secretion of cytokines occurs. (hindawi.com)
Recombinant cytokines, required for the optimal growth and expansion of T cells, have not been added to ImmunoCult™-XF T Cell Expansion Medium. (stemcell.com)
Therefore the application of immunotherapy has driven the treatment of brain tumors to the study of the response of intratumoral and systemic immune cells and cytokines to these malignancies 10 - 12 . (researchsquare.com)
Depending upon the cytokines secreted by the Helper T cells, they are classified into two subpopulations: Th1 and Th2 cells. (omicsonline.org)
[ 1 ] Patients with atopic dermatitis have elevated serum IgE levels, peripheral eosinophilia, and overall greater numbers of immune mediators and cytokines. (medscape.com)
We also explore the potential aetiologies of the lymphopenia associated with severe COVID-19: the virus' expanded tropism, elevated serum cytokines (particularly interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and excessive lymphocyte recruitment to the lungs. (ersjournals.com)
Ig-E-mediated food allergy involves the binding of food allergens to Ig-E molecules leading to the activation of effector cells releasing histamine (immediate response) followed by allergic inflammation with increased leukotrienes, platelet activating factor (PAF), and IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines. (bdbiosciences.com)
Rheumatoid arthritis causes damage mediated by cytokines, chemokines, and metalloproteases. (msdmanuals.com)
ABSTRACT This study assessed changes in serum levels of cytokines IFN and IL-10 (biomarkers of in ammatory changes) and soluble biomarkers sICAM-1 and sE-selectin (biomarkers of endothe- lial dysfunction) in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. (who.int)

VP7 and VP4 induce neutralizing antibodies that are believed to be involved in immune protection. (cdc.gov)
Serum and mucosal antibodies against VP7 and VP4 are probably important for protection from disease. (cdc.gov)
however, the vaccine does elicit both serum (2,9) and intestinal (10) antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses (11). (cdc.gov)
Recent studies using neutralizing anti-CCL5 antibodies have suggested that the constitutive expression of CCL5 plays a regulatory role in maintaining tissue-resident memory (Trm) T cells in the human vaginal tract 9 and mouse skin 10 , suggesting that constitutive CCL5 expression in noninflamed conditions, hereafter referred to as homeostatic CCL5 expression, might be important for homeostasis of tissue-resident lymphocytes. (nature.com)
The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
To determine the in vivo relevance of this phenomenon, we sought to detect cytotoxin-neutralizing antibodies in sera from H. pylori-infected persons. (jci.org)
The presence of cytotoxin-neutralizing antibodies in sera from H. pylori-infected persons indicates that the cytotoxin is synthesized in vivo. (jci.org)
To systematically investigate the relationship of opsonising antibodies with protection using a large panel of sera, we also have established a reporter system to measure opsonizing antibodies against FMDV. (forschung3r.ch)
T cells provide protection to infection by cytokine-mediated mechanisms or through production of antibodies. (omicsonline.org)
Experiments with B cell deficient mice have demonstrated that B cells and antibodies are essential for complete clearance of parasites from blood of the host [2]. (omicsonline.org)
Here we show that anti-mouse 4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibit thymus-dependent antibody production by B cells. (rupress.org)
The immune system produces large amounts of IgE antibodies against an antigen. (shiken.ai)
An individual may possess or develop IgG and IgM antibodies directed against cell surface or extracellular matrix antigen. (shiken.ai)
For example, if antibodies are targeted toward red blood cell surface antigen, it can cause haemolytic anaemia. (shiken.ai)
Type II hypersensitivity is characterized by Ig-M and Ig-G antibodies that bind to cell surface antigens inducing activation of complement cascades and phagocytosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
About 10 to 20% of patients with generalized myasthenia have no antibodies to acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in serum. (msdmanuals.com)
We assessed S100A8/A9 and S100A12 levels in SLE patient sera in relation to disease activity, clinical phenotype, presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies and ability to promote phagocytosis of necrotic cells (NCs) by PMNs. (lu.se)

Cell-mediated immunity probably plays a role in protection and in recovery from infection. (cdc.gov)
In summary, our results indicate that serum levels of select miRNAs may serve as promising biomarkers for screening and monitoring changes in innate immunity and mitochondrial respiration in ASD. (frontiersin.org)
Classifying MAS using the immunological disease continuum model, with strict boundaries that define the limits of innate and adaptive immunity, at one boundary is MAS with loss of immune function, as occurs in the 'perforinopathies' and some cases of sJIA-AOSD. (nature.com)
Collectively, our results suggest that RUNX3-mediated CCL5 repression is critical for modulating anti-tumor immunity. (nature.com)
Recent evidence also suggests involvement of innate immunity, including dendritic cells (DC), in the initiation and maintenance as well as progression of MS [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
In ER- breast cancer patient-derived orthoxenografts (PDXs), RANKL inhibition reduced tumor cell proliferation and stemness, regulated tumor immunity and metabolism, and improved response to chemotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
CD4 + T cells play an important role in conferring protective immunity towards the liver stages of the malaria parasite [ 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
It has also been reported that protective immunity can be transferred to naive hosts by transfer of immune CD4+ T cells [ 4 ]. (omicsonline.org)
The combination of the ingredient in Mega Vitamin A have been shown to boost innate cellular immunity and thymus activity, activate antibody production, protect the epithelium and mucous membranes of airways and intestines, and regulate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cells of the body. (drhansen.com)
ABSTRACT To test the role of T helper cell Th1 immunity we recruited 24 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia associated with H. pylori seropositivity. (who.int)
Patients with TB cause impaired cell-mediated immunity and were admitted and the other 2 groups were compromise neutrophil functions [5]. (who.int)
The study was conducted under the di- the cell-mediated immunity plays a major rect observation of the ethical committee role in the disease. (who.int)
Such information is mediated immunity, secreting the cytokine crucial to determine the optimal approach interferon-gamma (IFN) that inhibits Th2 to improve the immune response of DN cell differentiation. (who.int)
Deficiencies are highly variable with regard to symptoms, phenotype, genotype, severity, etc, because many cells and molecules are required for both natural and adaptive immunity . (lu.se)
5) phagocytic cells impairing anti-microbial immunity . (lu.se)

Secondary lymphopoiesis (SL) begins when mature B cells enter the extrafollicular area of lymphoid tissue and differentiate into short-lived plasma cells and memory cells after being stimulated by antigen-presenting cells. (medscape.com)
DC are professional antigen-presenting cells with the unique capacity to polarize the differentiation of T cells, thereby regulating the balance between inflammation and tolerance [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
When a person first encounters an antigen, it can be processed by antigen-presenting cells and lead to sensitisation of T helper cells. (shiken.ai)
Different populations of immune cells are engaged in an allergic reaction, including antigen presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells), mast cells and Ig-E producing B cells and T cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

A hyperinflammatory 'cytokine storm' state termed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), culminating from a complex interplay of genetics, immunodeficiency, infectious triggers and dominant innate immune effector responses, can develop across disparate entities including systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and its counterpart adult-onset Still disease (AOSD), connective tissue diseases, sepsis, infection, cancers and cancer immunotherapy. (nature.com)
AECOPD triggered by a bacterial and viral co-infection increases circulating levels of the systemic inflammatory marker, serum amyloid A (SAA). (frontiersin.org)
These include an assay measuring enhanced infection of bovine monocyte-derived dendritic cells by immune complexed-FMDV and for the porcine system enhanced IFN-alpha responses by plasmacytoid DC. (forschung3r.ch)
2009) Mstu1, an APSES transcription factor, is required for appressorium-mediated infection in Magnaporthe grisea. (prelekara.sk)
11. KawakamiS, WatanabeY, BeachyRN (2004) Tobacco mosaic virus infection spreads cell to cell as intact replication complexes. (prelekara.sk)
Infection by Cryptosporidium parvum triggers a complex array of innate and adaptive cell mediated immune response, playing an important role in controlling the infection. (unl.pt)
In this study, we analyzed these immune mediators in the serum of immunocompetent mice inoculated with C. parvum oocysts, using Luminex, to understand how the immune system responds to an infection by this parasite. (unl.pt)
This work contributed to a better understanding of the immune response to the infection by C. parvum, as well as demonstrated the advantage of Luminex® xMAP technology to study immune mediators, using small sample volumes. (unl.pt)
CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) are also involved in the mechanism of immune regulation against Plasmodium infection. (omicsonline.org)
Natural Treg cells during primary exposure to malaria enhanced Th1 memory responses and increased disease severity during re-infection. (omicsonline.org)
2. Antibody-mediated enhancement of SARS-CoV infection with anti-SARS-CoV Spike immune-serum was observed in vitro. (hku.hk)
3. Antibody-mediated infection of SARS-CoV triggers entry into human haematopoietic cells via an FcγR-dependent and ACE2-, pH-, cysteine-protease-independent pathways. (hku.hk)
5. Occurrence of immune-mediated enhancement of SARS-CoV infection raises safety concerns regarding the use of SARS-CoV vaccine in humans and enables new ways to investigate SARS pathogenesis (tropism and immune response deregulation). (hku.hk)
Infection of other cell types possessing ACE2 receptors has been described including the epithelial cells of the lung, intestine, kidney, heart, and blood vessels inducing cardiotropic damage [ 4 , 5 ]. (springer.com)
Entry into host cells is an important determinant of infectivity and infection and pathogenesis of viruses. (springer.com)
Cellular immune responses, chemokine, and cytokine profiles in Turkey poults following infection with the intestinal parasite Eimeria adenoeides. (southernbiotech.com)
Our aim was to evaluate whether ZIKV NS1 Abs elicited following natural infection in humans can mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (elsevierpure.com)
Here we present methods and data generated from iterative longitudinal systems biology infection experiments designed and performed by the Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center (MaHPIC) to delve deeper into the biology, pathogenesis, and immune responses of P. cynomolgi in the Macaca mulatta host. (cdc.gov)
haemodialysis (HD), dysfunction of the The purpose of the present study was to host defences against infection has major assess the changes in serum levels of the clinical and socioeconomic implications. (who.int)
Th2 cells produce cy- patients which might reduce the morbidity tokine interleukins IL-4 and IL-10, which and mortality due to infection. (who.int)

Bottom line Vaccination using the VZV vaccine may increase IgG however, not IgE-specific viral replies and concurrently raise the numbers of Compact disc19+ B cells. (sdfca.org)
Furthermore, in limited surveys, seasonality (summer) and a temporal association between vaccination and onset of IMHA have been suggested, but since no specific vaccine has been implicated, it appears likely that vaccines enhance a smoldering immune process. (vin.com)
The vaccine was safe and well tolerated, induced potent serum IgG & IgA responses waning post last vaccination, and low and intermittent mucosal IgG, but did not induce neutralizing activity neither in serum nor vaginal samples. (europa.eu)
Through this integration with the FMD-DISCONVAC project, we will be fulfilling the objectives of the EU call KBBE-2008-1-3-02: To substitute vaccine potency tests in animals by assays enabling a correlation of in-vitro tests based on immunological principles of antibody-based effector immune responses operating in vivo. (forschung3r.ch)
So far, no alternative tests applicable to such sera have been developed and systematically applied to vaccine testing. (forschung3r.ch)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which a single session of light to moderate intensity exercise performed within 30 minutes after receiving either the initial dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine may modify the immune response to vaccination, and identify potential underlying mechanisms using gene expression and metabolite analysis. (inclinicaltrials.com)
Antibody and cell-mediated immune response to the vaccine will be measured in blood samples. (inclinicaltrials.com)
HKU Scholars Hub: SARS CoV subunit vaccine: antibody-mediated neutralisation and enhancement. (hku.hk)
The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of Zika virus (ZIKV) is an attractive candidate for an effective vaccine as Abs against NS1, unlike the envelope or premembrane, do not carry the risk of mediating antibody-dependent enhancement. (elsevierpure.com)

Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction that results from the injection of heterologous or foreign protein or serum. (medscape.com)
Serum sickness is an example of the type III, or immune complex-mediated, hypersensitivity disease. (medscape.com)
Conversely, at the other boundary, immune hypersensitivity with gain of immune function in MHC class II-associated sJIA-AOSD and with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy also triggers MAS. (nature.com)
Considering the boundaries of immunodeficiency and immune hypersensitivity in MAS related to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still disease, and the role of lymphoid cells, severe COVID-19 is generally a distinctive lung-specific immunopathology. (nature.com)
After the anterior chamber (AC) injection of trinitrophenol-coupled (TNP) spleen cells, it is observed that systemic delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to TNP are inhibited by Ag-specific suppressor T cells. (wustl.edu)
These results suggest that the signal leaving the eye to induce suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity is T cell derived and that molecules mediating immune regulation for this organ are made within the eye and transported via the serum to the spleen. (wustl.edu)
Hypersensitivity reactions are implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases and can be caused by a genetic susceptibility or a triggering event of another kind on the immune system. (shiken.ai)
Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate reaction (within minutes) mediated by IgE antibody, which results in allergy, anaphylaxis and atopic disease. (shiken.ai)
Type II hypersensitivity is an IgG or IgM antibody-mediated cytotoxic reaction occurring in hours to days, which results in pathologies such as haemolytic disease of the newborn, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and Goodpasture's syndrome. (shiken.ai)
Type I to III hypersensitivity are antibody-mediated reactions. (shiken.ai)
Type IV hypersensitivity, also known as delayed hypersensitivity, is a T cell-mediated reaction that typically occurs 24 to 72 hours after antigen exposure. (shiken.ai)
Allergy is an overactive immune (hypersensitivity) reaction to a harmless entity sensed as dangerous by the immune system. (bdbiosciences.com)
Type III hypersensitivity reaction is also known as immune-complex reaction. (bdbiosciences.com)
This type of hypersensitivity is observed in serum sickness arthritis and glomerulonephritis. (bdbiosciences.com)
A fourth type of hypersensitivity is classified as delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) and is characterized by infiltration of antigen-specific T cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Different subtypes of type IV hypersensitivity are described based on the infiltrating T cells: type IV-a, -b, -c, -d associated with Th1, Th2, T-effector and GM-CSF producing T cells, respectively. (bdbiosciences.com)
Mechanisms leading to T-cell activation in drug hypersensitivity. (bdbiosciences.com)

Serum miRNA levels were examined by high-throughput deep sequencing in ASD and non-ASD control sera with concurrent measurement of PBMo cytokine production and mitochondrial respiration by PBMCs. (frontiersin.org)
ASD subgroup-specific associations were observed between serum miRNA expression and IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios, mitochondrial respiration, and monocyte cytokine profiles (IL-10, CCL2, and TNF-α). (frontiersin.org)
We are evaluating the relationship between protection and the capacity of a serum to promote Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis of FMDV immune complexes by macrophages and dendritic cells in terms of virus destructionn, and Fc receptor-mediated IFN-alpha and cytokine responses in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (see Figure 1). (forschung3r.ch)
To guarantee the safety of our treatment, we determined the serum levels of cytokine markers in our patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Specifically, we argue that the hypercoagulable and hyperinflammatory state of severe COVID-19 is a consequence of the expanded tropism of SARS-CoV-2, which allows it to infect vascular endothelial cells, and that cytokine storm physiology contributes to a lesser degree. (ersjournals.com)
The autoimmune nature of diabetes and inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (as markers the major contribution of lymphocyte T- of inflammatory changes) and the soluble cells are well established. (who.int)

IgG antibody subtype is the most abundant serum immunoglobulins of the immune system. (anobase.org)
Vitamin A can boost the serum levels of Immunoglobulins and thereby enhance antibody production. (drhansen.com)

Oral exposure to patulin for 28 days did not alter the ability of female B6C3F(1) mice to mount either a cell-mediated or humoral immune response. (cdc.gov)
4. The antibody-mediated enhancement phenomenon is not a mandatory component of the humoral immune response elicited by SARS vaccines, as pure neutralising antibody only could be obtained. (hku.hk)

The disease appears as the antibody formation begins, and the pathogenesis of serum sickness is related to protracted interaction between antigen and antibody in the circulation, with antigen-antibody complex formation in an environment of antigen excess. (medscape.com)
Since recent evidence supports a crucial role of dendritic cells (DC) in the pathogenesis of MS, we investigated the effect of a 12-week combined exercise program in MS patients on the number and function of DC. (hindawi.com)
Based on previous efforts focusing on the role of the adaptive immune system in the pathogenesis of MS, it is currently well established that autoreactive T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells mediate the inflammatory processes in the CNS [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

Induction of binding Abs was measured by ELISA and neutralizing activity by PBMC and TZM-bl assays in all serum and vaginal samples. (europa.eu)
Transcriptomic analysis and functional assays point to the awakening of basal bipotency after pregnancy by the induction of Rank/NF-κB signaling in basal parous cell to restore lactation and tissue homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
We observed that Rank expression in PyMT+/- and Neu+/- mammary glands alters the basal and luminal mammary cell populations already in preneoplasic tissue, which may interfere with the tumor cell of origin restricting their tumorigenesis ability upon transplantation assays. (bvsalud.org)
Detection of the component in serum in adoptive transfer assays, however, requires removal of the spleen before AC injection. (wustl.edu)
We developed assays to measure both natural killer cell activation by flow cytometry and target cell lysis of ZIKV NS1-expressing cells using an image cytometry assay in the presence of ZIKV NS1 Abs. (elsevierpure.com)
Conduct serum protein electrophoresis, immunofixation analyses, and kappa and lambda free light chain (FLC) assays in serum, to determine the age-adjusted prevalence and monoclonal protein size distribution of MGUS by ethnic/racial group. (cdc.gov)
Because the mucosal immune system is a a major site of extrinsic immune stimuation, and celiac disease is associated with a potent stimulation of the gut immune system, elaborating both T cell and B cell mediated immune responses, typically associated with an increase in expansion of B cells and plasma cells within the gut the assays also include serologic testing for celiac disease. (cdc.gov)

ImmunoCult™-XF T Cell Expansion Medium is a serum-free and xeno-free medium optimized for the in vitro culture and expansion of human T cells isolated from peripheral blood. (stemcell.com)
Approximately 50% of Helicobacter pylori isolates produce a cytotoxin in vitro that induces vacuolation of eukaryotic cells. (jci.org)
The present study deals with the development of pGL3-PEI-coated HSA nanoparticles and subsequent in vitro testing in cerebellar granular and HeLa cells. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in regenerative medicine in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical research and clinical trials. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, sera from immune donors were able to induce both NK cell degranulation and lysis of ZIKV NS1 CEM-NK R cells in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)

[ 6 ] Typically, serum protein molecules are removed from the circulation by nonimmune processes that are not yet completely understood. (medscape.com)
We establish that the material in serum is a Ts cell product (T suppressor-inducer factor) based on three criteria: it is Ag specific, genetically restricted, and reactive with a mAb that specifically identifies these molecules. (wustl.edu)
Through gene knockout studies he has shown that these molecules act as a type of molecular "Teflon" to make cells more mobile and invasive and also facilitate chemotaxis. (ubc.ca)
He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)
These IgE molecules attach themselves to mast cells and basophils, sensitizing the individual to the antigen. (shiken.ai)
When the antigen is encountered again, it will cause cross-linking of the bound IgE and degranulation of mast cells and basophils, releasing potent vasoactive molecules such as histamine. (shiken.ai)
Adaptive immune mechanisms recognize and neutralize foreign molecules or microorganisms in a specific manner. (lu.se)
The immune system consists of a large number of molecules and processes, and immunodeficiencies can therefore be caused by genetic alterations at many loci. (lu.se)

Innate immune cells are comprised of Macrophages and Neutrophils, which initiate immediate responses to pathogen invasion through phagocytosis (virus digestion) and activation of Cytotoxic T-Cells and Natural Killer T-Cells, which kill viruses by the release of cytotoxic chemicals. (drhansen.com)
Serum-mediated phagocytosis of NCs by. (lu.se)
Serum-mediated phagocytosis of NCs by PMNs was analysed by flow cytometry. (lu.se)
The ability of serum to support phagocytosis of NCs by PMNs was related to increased S100A8/A9 levels (p = 0.01). (lu.se)
Increased S100A8/A9 levels may reflect immune-pathological processes involving phagocytosis of immune complexes by PMNs. (lu.se)

Following B-cell receptor activation, 2 waves of tyrosine kinase phosphorylation occur. (medscape.com)
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), also known as Bruton agammaglobulinemia, results from a mutation of the BTK gene, which encodes the pre-B-cell receptor (Pre-BCR) and BCR. (medscape.com)
Although Rank receptor is expressed by basal cells and luminal progenitors, its role in each individual cell lineage remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
18 Studies on B cell receptor gene usage of these infiltrating IgG positive lymphocytes demonstrate that they are of peripheral and not mucosal origin in UC versus controls. (bmj.com)
Sars-CoV-2, which shares 79.6% sequence homology with Sars-CoV-1 [ 2 ] similarly infects hosts through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor in lung epithelial cells. (springer.com)
T cell receptor mediated activation of CD8 T cells induces the expression of IL-10 receptors on these cells. (aacrjournals.org)
The 4-1BB receptor (CDw137), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been shown to costimulate the activation of T cells. (rupress.org)
They can cause damage to cells or tissues (cytotoxicity) through direct cell surface receptor binding, activation of the complement pathway, or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. (shiken.ai)
Diagnosis is by measurement of serum acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody levels, electromyography, and bedside tests (ice pack test, rest test). (msdmanuals.com)

Rank signaling enhances stemness in mouse and human mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and mediates mammary tumor initiation. (bvsalud.org)
Unlike the normal mucosa, the UC mucosa contains large numbers of IgG plasma cells, reminiscent of a typical peripheral immune response towards an invading pathogen, leading to local deposition of IgG on epithelial cells. (bmj.com)

The immunologic interactions observed in serum sickness occur when antigens capable of remaining in the circulation for long periods incite antibody formation. (medscape.com)

Here we identify two stage-specific enhancers: the proximal enhancer mediates the constitutive CCL5 expression during the steady state, while the distal enhancer located 1.35 Mb from the promoter induces CCL5 expression in activated cells. (nature.com)

Applications Tested: eFluor® 450 Mouse IgG2a, K Isotype Control has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
Our previous research has shown that purified peripheral blood monocytes (PRMo) from individuals who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and have innate immune abnormalities reveal altered interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß)/IL-10 ratios. (frontiersin.org)
We also found, in separate studies, that microRNA (miRNA) expression in PBMo and mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) differed in the IL-1ß/IL-10-based ASD subgroups. (frontiersin.org)
Interestingly, the number of CD80 + pDC positively correlates with the presence of IL-10-producing regulatory type 1 cells (Tr1), an important cell type for maintaining peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. (hindawi.com)
T cells were isolated from human peripheral blood samples using the EasySep™ Human T Cell Isolation Kit (Catalog #17951), stimulated with ImmunoCult™ Human CD3/CD28/CD2 T Cell Activator (Catalog #10970), and cultured in ImmunoCult™-XF T Cell Expansion Medium supplemented with rhIL-2. (stemcell.com)
Peripheral blood was aseptically collected from sacrificed mice on several time points, and immune mediators were evaluated in serum samples. (unl.pt)

Many dogs with IMHA have severe leukocytosis (with or without left shift) and also considerable serum liver enzyme elevations (prior to prednisolone) suggestive of serious inflammatory processes, which may enhance the immune destruction by activating the macrophage system and the thrombotic tendency. (vin.com)
These effects are not caused by antigens but from inflammatory processes generated by immune cells. (shiken.ai)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) belongs to the immunoglobulin family and is a widely expressed serum antibody. (anobase.org)
B-cell disorders are divided into defects of B-cell development/immunoglobulin production ( immunodeficiencies ) and excessive/uncontrolled proliferation ( lymphomas , leukemias ). (medscape.com)
Memory cells travel to the primary follicle, where, after exposure to dendritic cells, they differentiate into centroblasts (immunoglobulin class-switch). (medscape.com)
Mouse IgG2a is a subtype of immunoglobulin G antibody that is produced by B cells in response to an antigen. (thermofisher.com)
Total spleen cell, total T-cell (CD3(+)), helper T-cell (CD4(+)CD8(-)), B-cell (surface immunoglobulin(+)) and monocyte (MAC-3(+)) counts were not changed. (cdc.gov)
The aetiology of UC is unknown but the mucosa contains large numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells. (bmj.com)
Animal sera were also analyzed by ELISA to determine the expressed immunoglobulin isotype profile, and compare the obtained trend with data obtained by Luminex. (unl.pt)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)

For recent decades, it has been recognized that malignant tumor cells potentially induce local and systemic immunosuppression 9 . (researchsquare.com)
CD4 + T cells stimulate B cells to induce significant level of antimalarial antibody response and also help in the induction of CD8 + T-cell responses which help in arresting the growth of liver-stage parasites in the host. (omicsonline.org)
These Ig-E bind to mast cells and basophils and induce the release of histamine-containing granules. (bdbiosciences.com)

Median survival was 45.81 months and patients of increased Tc cells, activated T helper cells(CD4 + CD25 + T cells or activated Th cells), activated Tc cells and normal CD4 + /CD8 + ratio presented encouraging outcomes (p = 0.007;0.016;0.028;0.016 respectively). (researchsquare.com)
In Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS), T helper cells of host have been reported to be necessary for inducing a protective immune response against the blood stages of parasite [1]. (omicsonline.org)
When exposed to the antigen again, these T helper cells are activated and lead to an inflammatory response involving various immune cells, such as macrophages, with a 24 to 72 hour delay as cells are recruited to the antigen exposure site. (shiken.ai)

B and T cells, type 2 dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells share a common ancestor: common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). (medscape.com)
CLP differentiates into 2 intermediate progenitors: early B cells and T/NK/dendritic trilineage cells. (medscape.com)
Immunological background: FcR-mediated anti-FMDV responses induced in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and macrophages (MF) as examples of antibody-mediated effector functions independent of direct virus neutralization. (forschung3r.ch)

A diagnosis of IMHA must demonstrate accelerated immune destruction of erythrocytes. (vin.com)
Besides documenting a hemolytic anemia, one or more of the following three hallmarks must be present to support a diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolysis. (vin.com)

Among intestinal epithelial lymphocytes, the major CD8 + T cell populations present in mice are conserved but there is a population of TCRγδ CD8αβ cells in the chicken that is not found in rodents. (southernbiotech.com)

It is the second most abundant IgG subtype in the serum and plays a crucial role in the adaptive immune response. (thermofisher.com)

Such co-morbid conditions are often associated with immune dysfunction and/or inflammation ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Individuals with ASD and immune-mediated inflammation affecting multiple organs may be referred to as having "inflammatory autism. (frontiersin.org)
Our previous research has indicated that a subgroup of children with ASD show evidence of chronic inflammation associated with innate immune abnormalities which are best reflected in changes in IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios produced by ASD PBMo ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
CCL5 is a unique chemokine with distinct stage and cell-type specificities for regulating inflammation, but how these specificities are achieved and how CCL5 modulates immune responses is not well understood. (nature.com)
COPD is characterized as a chronic inflammatory condition due to the persistent accumulation of innate and adaptive immune cells in the airways along with increased systemic inflammation ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Vitamin A's immune enhancing properties may provide similar immune enhancement and protection in adults against other viruses, like Coronavirus, that also cause severe lower respiratory tract inflammation. (drhansen.com)
IL-10 stimulates the antigen mediated cytotoxicity, survival and proliferation of intra-tumoral CD8+ T cells and simultaneously dampens chronic inflammation. (aacrjournals.org)
In type 1 asthma, the Ig-E bind to mast cells, resulting in the release of histamines and leukotrienes leading to inflammation of eosinophils, which is a hallmark of allergic inflammatory response and a degranulation process. (bdbiosciences.com)

Historically, the term serum sickness connotes a self-limited syndrome caused by deposition of immune complexes resulting from exposure to foreign proteins or haptens. (medscape.com)
The molecular size, charge, structure, amount, and valence of the antigen involved influence the type of immune complexes formed. (medscape.com)
Free antigen continues to clear from the blood, leading to antibody excess and the formation of large immune complexes, which are quickly removed by circulating macrophages. (medscape.com)
Clinical recovery is usually apparent after 7-28 days, as intermediate-sized immune complexes are cleared by the reticuloendothelial system. (medscape.com)
Both enhancers are antagonized by RUNX/CBFβ complexes, and SATB1 further mediates the long-distance interaction of the distal enhancer with the promoter. (nature.com)
In various cellular system, to test the influence of immune complexes obtained from vaccinated cattle and pigs were established. (forschung3r.ch)

The human immune system is capable of producing up to 10 9 different antibody species to interact with a wide range of antigens. (medscape.com)

Cell-surface-expressed and topical infections may be set to walk Rheumatoid disciplines, so when there 's adaptation of the hypnotherapy. (runkwitz.com)

Diagnostic Evaluation to re-immunization Prior, VZV IgG Ab amounts were harmful ( ?0.90 Ab index) and VZV IgM VZV Ab amounts were also harmful (?0.90 Ab index) (Desk?1), indicating either zero prior contact with absence or VZV of a particular immune system response to immunization. (sdfca.org)
The criteria should not include a specific immune test or a response to therapy. (nih.gov)
Adaptive immune response in the ear over time. (nih.gov)
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) arises when an immune response targets directly or indirectly erythrocytes and hemolytic anemia ensues. (vin.com)
However, the erythroid response in the bone marrow may be blunted by the immune process or the underlying disease, thereby leading to non-regenerative anemias. (vin.com)
Humoral immune function as assessed by antibody- farm ing cell response and serum IgM titre to sheep erythrocytes, and cell-mediated immune function evaluated utilizing natural killer cell activity and the mixed lymphocyte reaction were not altered. (cdc.gov)
Although the exact cause of MS is still unknown, it is now generally accepted that MS is a complex multifactorial disease involving genetic and environmental factors affecting the autoreactive immune response [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Serum neutralizing antibody response to the vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori. (jci.org)
This combination of effector cells requires a crosslinking antigen to evoke an antibody driven PMN inflammatory response via their Fc receptors. (bmj.com)
1- 4 Evidence from animal models suggests that an altered immune response to the commensal microflora of the host plays a central role in the development of the condition. (bmj.com)
A secondary goal is to establish whether psychosocial factors are associated with immune response to vaccination. (inclinicaltrials.com)
The immune response and the eye. (wustl.edu)
Dive into the research topics of 'The immune response and the eye. (wustl.edu)
Activated T-cells are one of the immune cells involved in the antiviral response. (springer.com)
We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
The response to immune checkpoint blockade, depends on a pre-existing, CD8 T cell-rich tumor microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
Conclusions Elevated serum levels of S100A8/A9 may be used to monitor disease activity and response to treatment in SLE patients, especially in patients with glomerulonephritis. (lu.se)
Blood and bone marrow samples were collected at defined timepoints for biological and computational experiments and integrative analyses revolving around primary illness, relapse illness, and subsequent disease and immune response patterns. (cdc.gov)

Gene targets of the altered miRNAs in all the ASD subgroups were enriched in pathways of neuronal development and synaptic plasticity, along with cell proliferation/differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
Rank signaling pathway regulates mammary gland homeostasis and epithelial cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Vitamin A also plays essential roles in the regulation, differentiation, maturity, and immunological function of all of crucial anti-viral cells of the Innate Cellular Immune System, including the Thymus. (drhansen.com)
these cells are able to secrete soluble factors that stimulate the migration, mitosis, and differentiation of local stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Reactions to nonprotein drugs are clinically similar to serum sickness reactions. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Identifying serum sickness was a landmark observation in understanding immune complex diseases. (medscape.com)
Certain medications (eg, penicillin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) have also been associated with serum sickness-like reactions. (medscape.com)
Withdrawal of the offending agent is the mainstay of treatment in serum sickness. (medscape.com)
After the initial exposure to a foreign antigen in the absence of a preexisting antibody, serum sickness can develop within 1-2 weeks. (medscape.com)
Upon subsequent exposure, however, serum sickness develops sooner. (medscape.com)
Secondary serum sickness is the result of antigen recognition by presensitized cells of the immune system. (medscape.com)

Lung tumor stem cells are a subpopulation of cells important for lung tumor development, metastasis, and medication resistance. (immune-source.com)
They are named tumor control cancers or cells initiating cells [4]. (immune-source.com)
Leukemia control cells are the AZD1080 KIAA0901 initial reported kind of tumor control cells [5]. (immune-source.com)
This is certainly the initial function on tumor control cells in solid growth [6]. (immune-source.com)
After that, tumor control cells had been reported in different types of malignancies, including lung tumor, gastric tumor, human brain cancers, liver organ cancers, and digestive tract cancers [7C11]. (immune-source.com)
After the breakthrough discovery of tumor control cells, analysts attempted to appearance for effective techniques to focus on cancers control cells. (immune-source.com)
Nevertheless, till today, no one provides reported whether thioridazine could focus on lung tumor control cells. (immune-source.com)
Intriguingly, tumor RANK protein expression associated with poor prognosis in postmenopausal breast cancer patients, activation of NFKB signaling, and modulation of immune and metabolic pathways, suggesting that RANK signaling increases after menopause. (bvsalud.org)
Determination of the mammary epithelial cell that serves as the cell of origin for breast cancer is key to understand tumor heterogeneity and clinical management. (bvsalud.org)
76 patients were confirmed germinoma, 29 mixed germ cell tumor, 4 teratoma, 9 malignant teratoma, 6 endodermal sinus tumor, 20 choriocarcinoma and 1 embryonal carcinoma. (researchsquare.com)
Classification of central nervous system germ cell tumors according to the World Health Organization divides them into germinoma and non-germinoma germ cell tumors(NGGCTs), with 6 different types of the latter, which includes teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor), chorionic epithelioma (also called choriocarcinoma) and mixed germ cell tumors(GCTs) 7 (including above components sometimes teratoma and germinoma as well). (researchsquare.com)
Background: The success of and the durability of immune therapy of cancer is thought to depend on the activation and expansion of tumor reactive and infiltrating CD8+ T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
To evaluate the clinical activity, tolerability and anti-tumor activity of AM0010 alone or in combination with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors a multi-basket phase 1 study was conducted. (aacrjournals.org)

Th1 cells are effectors of cell- sis on these mediators. (who.int)

The distinct MAS phenotype that arises with hypercytokinaemia can be explained by activation of macrophages that are closely juxtaposed to sinusoids that permit direct phagocytic access to haematopoietic lineage cells. (nature.com)

Complement activation promotes chemotaxis and adherence of neutrophils to the site of immune complex deposition. (medscape.com)
IgG helps in opsonization, complement fixation and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. (anobase.org)
Mouse IgG2a is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, and it is involved in opsonization, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (thermofisher.com)

For the purposes of this workshop, immune mediated ear disease was defined to include both primary autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) originating in the inner ear and secondary immune mediated ear disease/hearing loss (IMED) from systemic immune/autoimmune disease originating outside the inner ear. (nih.gov)

It is also involved in the regulation of immune responses, including the activation of T cells and the inhibition of B cell activation. (thermofisher.com)
In addition to its roles in the regulation of inflammatory diseases and the maintenance of local immune cells, CCL5 expressed by cancer cells plays diverse roles in shaping cancer microenvironments toward their own survival. (nature.com)

Immune complex formation is a common event and does not typically cause symptoms. (medscape.com)
Patients typically have recurrent infections and presentation and complications can vary depending upon where the defect has occurred in B-cell development or the degree of functional impairment. (medscape.com)

Defects occurring at the CLP stage or those affecting processes common to B- and T-cell development result in combined immunodeficiency involving B, T, and NK cells (see Combined B-Cell and T-Cell Disorders ). (medscape.com)
In this regard, his lab has identified a novel family of hematopoietic cell surface proteins, called the CD34 family, and shown that these are essential for a number of developmentally important processes. (ubc.ca)

However, the biomarkers sICAM-1 and sE-selectin (as mechanism of this immune dysregulation markers of endothelial dysfunction) in dia- is still unclear. (who.int)

Von Pirquet and Schick first described the syndrome in 1905, reporting fever, skin eruptions (mainly consisting of urticaria), joint pain, and lymphadenopathy in regions draining the site of injection after patients were given antitoxin in the form of horse serum. (medscape.com)
As a group, sera from 29 H. pylori-infected patients neutralized the activity of the purified cytotoxin to a significantly greater extent than sera from 24 uninfected persons (P = 0.007). (jci.org)
This study retrospectively analyzed serum lymphocyte subsets and survival outcomes in intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) patients. (researchsquare.com)
Serum from145 iGCTs patients were collected and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. (researchsquare.com)
Ils ont été répartis en deux groupes : 12 patients souffrant d'une thrombocytopénie à médiation immunitaire (groupe 1) et 12 patients atteints d'une thrombocytopénie à médiation non immunitaire (groupe 2). (who.int)
Methods Serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were measured by ELISA in paired samples of 100 SLE patients at time points of higher and lower disease activity. (lu.se)
Results Serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were increased in SLE patients with high disease activity compared to paired samples at low disease activity (p = 0.01 and p = 0.008, respectively). (lu.se)
Les IFN et les IL-10 étaient signi cativement élevés chez ceux qui présentaient une néphropathie diabétique (ND) et une maladie rénale en phase terminale (MRPT) par rapport aux témoins et aux patients diabétiques sans ND. (who.int)
T-cells have 2 subsets of betic patients with and without nephropathy. (who.int)

Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious bronchitis virus after vaccination and challenge of chickens varying in serum mannose-binding lectin concentrations. (southernbiotech.com)

Bloodstream examples had been acquired at the College or university Children's Medical center Zurich, Swiss, or mononuclear cells had been bought as a item from the Welsh bloodstream loan company in Cardiff, UK. (immune-source.com)
Mononuclear cells had Rabbit Polyclonal to p130 Cas (phospho-Tyr410) been separated from heparinized venous bloodstream on a Ficoll-Paque In addition gradient relating to the process offered by GE-Healthcare (Dietikon, Swiss). (immune-source.com)
Chicken CD8 is expressed on approximately 80% of thymocytes, 45% of blood mononuclear cells, and 50% of spleen cells but less than 1% of cells in the bursa and bone marrow. (southernbiotech.com)

cells could initiate tumors in rodents. (immune-source.com)

This study explored whether serum miRNAs are associated with both altered innate immune responses and changes in mitochondrial respiration as a link of regulatory mechanisms for these two common abnormalities in ASD subjects. (frontiersin.org)

What is the Clinical Evidence for Erythrocyte Immune Destruction? (vin.com)
clinical download not delves one cell of google. (runkwitz.com)
Whether the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis (AD) are the result of violation of the epidermis and the subsequent contact between environmental irritants and immune cells, or the reverse sequence, is debatable. (medscape.com)
We also review clinically apparent differences in the immune responses elicited by these viruses according to the latest clinical data and recommend that investigators note these differences in ongoing efforts to elucidate the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. (ersjournals.com)

Phase III is the product of chronic scratching and is characterized by the formation of IgE autoantibodies against proteins of keratinocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading selectin), and soluble thrombomodulin--are cause of chronic renal failure and is a grow- providing further evidence of the relation- ing concern given the increasing incidence ship between endothelial cell activation and of type 2 diabetes. (who.int)
found evidence and they did not require insulin therapy of endothelial cell injury in renal failure for glucose control. (who.int)

IL-18 stimulates the proliferation and IFN-γ release of CD4 + T cells in the chicken: conservation of a Th1-like system in a nonmammalian species. (southernbiotech.com)
IL-10 activates with STAT3 an essential survival and proliferation signal in antigen activated CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)

Serum miRNA levels differed between the overall ASD sera (N = 116) and non-ASD control sera (N = 35) and also differed across the IL-1ß/IL-10-based ASD subgroups. (frontiersin.org)
Immunosuppressive therapy was associated with a reduction of S100A8/A9 serum levels (p = 0.002). (lu.se)

On July 22-23, 2008, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) convened a workshop at the Hyatt Regency Bethesda in Bethesda, MD, titled Immune Mediated Ear Disease/Hearing Loss . (nih.gov)
Dynamic changes of activated Tc cells were associated with treatment patterns and evaluation of the disease(p = 0.038 and p = 0.043). (researchsquare.com)
Eczema is a biphasic T-cell - mediated disease: TH2 is more prevalent in the acute phase, and TH1 predominates in the chronically affected skin. (medscape.com)
Immune responses in celiac disease include both IgA and IgG and possibly IgM responses. (cdc.gov)

The proposed model for MAS immune heterogeneity and cellular topography can be applied to understanding other hyper-inflammatory conditions. (nature.com)
Studies on particle characteristics, their cellular uptake into aforementioned cell lines and on subcellular localisation, and transfection efficiency in the cerebellar cells proved the feasibility of nanoparticle-based gene delivery. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Vitamin A promotes mucin secretion in the epithelium, which provides a physical barrier and slows viruses down so that the Cellular Immune System can find and kill them. (drhansen.com)
It is nature's key nutrient to boost your immune defense against invading organisms and cellular mutations. (drhansen.com)

While the vast majority of CD8 + cells in the thymus, spleen, and blood of adult chickens express both CD8α- and CD8β-chains, a relatively large proportion of the CD8 + TCRγδ cells in the spleens of embryos and young chicks express only the α-chain of CD8. (southernbiotech.com)

Briefly, for each of these six QC individuals, we aliquoted serum into 5 tubes at an NCI laboratory and thereafter sent the serum in blinded tubes to the Protein Immunology Laboratory at Mayo Clinic for analyses of M protein and FLC, respectively. (cdc.gov)

Deletion of the proximal enhancer decreases CCL5 expression and augments the cytotoxic activity of tissue-resident T and NK cells, which coincides with reduced melanoma metastasis in mouse models. (nature.com)
Cytotoxic T-cell (CD8(+) CD4(-)) counts were increased 50% only by the highest dose. (cdc.gov)
Mediated by IgG or IgM antibody (cytotoxic). (shiken.ai)

The role of the innate immune system in ASNHL. (nih.gov)
Previous literature reports have suggested that patulin is toxic to the immune system. (cdc.gov)
The studies presented were conducted to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effects of patulin on the immune system. (cdc.gov)
In addition, vitamin C plays a profound role in the health of the immune system. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
Vitamin C also plays a profound role in the health of the immune system, stimulating the production and function of white blood cells, including leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and phagocytes. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
The immune system of malaria infected host undergoes both activation and suppression during different phases of parasite's life cycle. (omicsonline.org)
The most effective way to boost your immune system and avoid the most serious consequences of Viral assaults is a 2-day megadose of Vitamin A. This is dose of Vitamin A has been recommended and used by the World Health Organization for years in millions of children worldwide. (drhansen.com)
Vitamin A can be taken safely to boost your immune system. (drhansen.com)
The human immune system defends against pathogens, but it can sometimes overreact causing undesirable consequences. (shiken.ai)
Black seed might have effects in the body that help boost the immune system, fight cancer, prevent pregnancy, reduce swelling, and lessen allergic reactions by acting as an antihistamine. (medlineplus.gov)
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are intrinsic defects of the immune system. (lu.se)
Immunodeficiencies impair the functioning of the immune system. (lu.se)
More than 70 primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) are known, and can be grouped according to the components of the immune system affected. (lu.se)

Lymphocytes, B and T cells, can respond selectively to thousands of non-self materials. (lu.se)

The transition from innate to adaptive immune responses in IMED. (nih.gov)

Anatomy35

Organisms18

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs91

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment44

Phenomena and Processes49

Information Science3

Health Care4

Cytokines11

Antibodies17

Immunity15

Antigen-prese4

Infection20

Vaccine9

Hypersensitivity17

Cytokine6

Immunoglobulins2

Humoral immune r2

Pathogenesis3

Assays7

Vitro5

Molecules8

Phagocytosis5

Receptor9

Epithelial cells2

Observed in serum sickness1

Induces1

Peripheral6

Inflammatory processes2

Immunoglobulin8

Induce3

Helper3

Dendritic3

Diagnosis2

Intestinal1

Subtype1

Inflammation8

Complexes6

Antigens1

Rheumatoid1

Response18

Differentiation4

Sickness7

Tumor13

Mediators1

Macrophages1

Complement3

Secondary1

Regulation2

Typically2

Processes2

Dysregulation1

Patients9

Vaccination1

Mononuclear cells3

Rodents1

Mechanisms1

Clinical4

Endothelial3

Proliferation2

Levels2

Disease4

Cellular4

Spleen1

Immunology1

Cytotoxic3

System13

Lymphocytes1

Adaptive immune responses1