- autophagy
- Recently, matrine has been reported to induce autophagy and autophagic cell death in cancer cells, although the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. (bjmu.edu.cn)
- Here, we describe an Atg7- and Atg3-independent autophagy pathway that facilitates programmed reduction of cell size during intestine cell death. (umassmed.edu)
- Although multiple components of the core autophagy pathways, including Atg8, are required for autophagy and cells to shrink in the midgut of the intestine, loss of either Atg7 or Atg3 function does not influence these cellular processes. (umassmed.edu)
- Rather, Uba1, the E1 enzyme used in ubiquitylation, is required for autophagy and reduction of cell size. (umassmed.edu)
- Our data reveal that distinct autophagy programs are used by different cells within an animal, and disclose an unappreciated role for ubiquitin activation in autophagy. (umassmed.edu)
- In this study, we used rapamycin to mimic starvation-induced autophagy in human malignant neuroblastoma SK-N-BE2 and IMR32 cells and then investigated capability of the combination of LC3 II knockdown and genistein (GST) treatment for inhibition of autophagy and promotion of apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
- Our AO staining and flow cytometric quantitation of AVO confirmed that combination of LC3 II shRNA and GST completely inhibited rapamycin-induced autophagy to promote apoptotic death. (aacrjournals.org)
- Down regulation of LC3 II and upregulation of mTOR in both cell lines showed inhibition of autophagy. (aacrjournals.org)
- Collectively, our results clearly show that combination of LC3 II knockdown and GST treatment serves as promising therapeutic strategy for inhibition of autophagy and induction of apoptosis in different human malignant neuroblastoma cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- apoptosis
- In situ Wright staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that combination therapy most effectively induced apoptosis in both cell lines when compared with control shRNA, LC3 II shRNA, or GST alone. (aacrjournals.org)
- AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor) is an important caspase-independent death regulator in multiple neuronal injury pathways. (jneurosci.org)
- Neurons carrying double mutations for Hq/Apaf1 -/- (apoptosis proteases-activating factor) are impaired in both caspase-dependent and AIF-mediated mitochondrial cell death pathways. (jneurosci.org)
- In Hq mice, instead of supernumerary cells attributable to failed apoptosis, surprisingly their cerebellum degenerates progressively and Hq neurons are more sensitive to oxidative stress. (jneurosci.org)
- PROTEINS
- Mitochondria release proteins that propagate both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death pathways. (jneurosci.org)
- pathways
- Mitochondria relay signals for both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent death pathways. (jneurosci.org)
- Our results demonstrate that AIF plays an important proapoptotic role in neuronal injury involving both BAX-dependent and BAX-independent cell death pathways. (jneurosci.org)
- role
- To evaluate the role of AIF in BAX-dependent (DNA damage induced) and BAX-independent (excitotoxic) neuronal death, we used Harlequin ( Hq ) mice, which are hypomorphic for AIF. (jneurosci.org)
- Presently, the role of AIF as a death executor or as an oxidative stress scavenger is controversial. (jneurosci.org)
- studies
- Then, we carried out dose-response studies by transfecting the rapamycin-exposed cell lines with various concentrations of LC3 II short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid and treating them with several doses of GST alone and in combination. (aacrjournals.org)