Cell cycle progression protein serine threonine kinases. Medical search. Frequent questions

Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 μM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (rcsb.org)
Epidemiologic, animal, and laboratory studies suggest that 5-amino-salicylic acid (5-ASA) protects from the development of CRC by altering cell cycle progression and by inducing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Our previous studies have shown that the free fatty acid extract (FFAE) of krill oil inhibits the proliferation of both CRC and osteosarcoma cells, and induces the apoptosis of CRC cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This prevents DNA damage checkpoint activation, disrupts DNA damage repair, and induces tumor cell apoptosis. (cancertreatmentsresearch.com)
New anticancer therapy strategies refer to the inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes as an important target to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
Conclusions These findings ascertained an conversation between p53, c-myc, p21, p27, Bcl-2, PI3K/Akt pathway, and CF-induced apoptosis in MSTO-211H and HCT-116 cells, suggesting that CF acts as an important regulator of cell growth in human malignancy cell lines. (bioinf.org)
Many physiological processes, including proper tissue development and homeostasis, require a balance between apoptosis and cell 123653-11-2 manufacture proliferation. (bioinf.org)
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) occurs in a wide variety of physiological NIK settings, where its role is to remove harmful, damaged or unwanted cells. (bioinf.org)
Apoptosis and cell proliferation are linked by cell-cycle regulators and apoptotic stimuli that affect both processes. (bioinf.org)
A failure in regulating proliferation together with suppression of apoptosis are the 123653-11-2 manufacture minimal requirements for a cell to become cancerous [4]. (bioinf.org)
METHODS: Cell viability, apoptosis and cycle were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)
miR-28-5p inhibitor inactivated Wnt signaling, inhibited cell viability and cell cycle, while enhanced cell apoptosis of NSCLC cells by targeting STK4. (bvsalud.org)
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a key enzyme which regulates proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, representing a pharmacological target for tumor therapy. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
By this basic mechanism, protein kinases mediate most of the signal transduction in eukaryotic cells, regulating cellular metabolism, transcription, cell cycle progression, cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell movement, apoptosis, and differentiation. (insulin-receptor.info)
Protein kinases are, therefore, https://doi.org/10.3390/ key enzymes in the function of cellular signaling pathways and are crucial in the regulation applbiosci1010004 of key functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [3]. (sagepub.com)
Molecular mechanisms and the influences of different regulation the expression of AKT1 on HCC cell growth, proliferation were determined by western blotting, MTT and colony formation assays, cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry. (spandidos-publications.com)
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC seine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic target owing to its frequent dysregulation in HCC and the critical functions it has in regulating cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis through phosphorylation of distinct protein substrates ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which AKT1 promotes cell proliferation and regulates apoptosis ( 18 , 19 ) remain largely unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
High expression of activated AKT can be detected in HCC, and AKT may promote cell proliferation and regulation of cells apoptosis in HCC ( 20 , 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Subsequent mechanism investigations revealed that AKT1 served a notable function in cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis by directly regulating the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Notch1. (spandidos-publications.com)
PP2A is involved in diverse regulatory functions, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA repair. (cancerbiomed.org)
Classic anti-cancer strategies aimed at actively killing cancer cells include alkylating agents that generate crosslinks in DNA and trigger repair mechanisms to induce apoptosis, antimetabolites that severely disrupt nucleic acid synthesis, and alkaloids that interfere with microtubule polymerization/depolymerization and halt mitosis 2 . (cancerbiomed.org)

These researchers have explored the use of rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor drops as an alternative to corneal transplantation, which could greatly impact the way we treat and manage corneal diseases. (reviewofoptometry.com)
As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos, MD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and colleagues, a U.S. Experimental Therapeutics Clinical Trials Network phase II trial has shown significantly prolonged progression-free survival with the addition of the ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) kinase inhibitor berzosertib to gemcitabine in women with recurrent platinum -resistant high-grade serous ovarian cancer. (cancertreatmentsresearch.com)
An inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) kinase, a DNA damage response kinase, with potential antineoplastic activity. (cancertreatmentsresearch.com)
Purvalanol, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is referred to as a strong apoptotic inducer which causes cell cycle arrest in various cancer cells such as prostate, breast and colon cancer cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
Introduction: CDKN1B gene, which encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, regulates the progression throughout G1 to S cell cycle progression. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
SMA-RL71 was extremely steady and experienced a diameter of 181.6 nm in buffer and 275.1 nm in serum as measured by dynamic light scattering and a near neutral charge of ?0.0432 mV.30 We first examined the tissue distribution pattern LGK-974 kinase inhibitor of SMA-RL71 and compared it to free RL71. (insulin-receptor.info)
Open up in another screen LGK-974 kinase inhibitor Amount 1 Medication deposition in tissue following treatment with SMA-RL71 and RL71. (insulin-receptor.info)
Records: Tumor-bearing mice had been treated with (A) an individual iv dosage of 10 mg/kg of either RL71 or SMA-RL71 and euthanized 6 h afterwards or (B) intravenously implemented 10 mg/kg of RL71 or SMA-RL71 LGK-974 kinase inhibitor on times 4, 7, 11, and 14 and euthanized 3 times afterwards. (insulin-receptor.info)
Protein phosphorylation is also involved in the global control of Zambon, A. Expedient Access to DNA replication during the cell cycle, as well as in the mechanisms that cope with stress- Type II Kinase Inhibitor Chemotypes induced replication blocks [1]. (sagepub.com)

This gene encodes a regulator of the cell division cycle 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae) protein, a serine-threonine kinase which links cell cycle regulation to genome duplication. (absave.com)
This protein localizes to the nucleus and, in complex with the cell division cycle 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae) protein, may facilitate M phase progression. (absave.com)

regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
HCT 116 colon cancer cells were exposed to purvalanol, which activated ER stress via upregulation of PERK, IRE1α gene expression, eIF-2α phosphorylation and ATF-6 cleavage at early time-points in the HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The reversible phosphorylation of proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues represents a fundamental strategy used by eukaryotic organisms to regulate a host of biological functions, including DNA replication, cell cycle progression, energy metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. (rupress.org)
Levels of cellular protein phosphorylation are modulated both by protein kinases and phosphatases. (rupress.org)
Protein phosphorylation can regulate enzyme function, mediate protein-protein interactions, alter subcellular localization, and control protein stability. (rupress.org)
To fully understand this complex and essential regulatory process, the kinases and phosphatases mediating the changes in cellular phosphorylation must be identified and characterized. (rupress.org)
Dual phosphorylation of S145 and S149 in the TrCP1-binding motif of F-box only protein 5 (FBXO5) targets the protein to the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex, which marks it for degradation. (eu.org)
Protein phosphorylation in eukaryotes plays a key role in cell signaling, gene expres- Gobbi, A. (sagepub.com)
Importantly, one other individual meats directly influence Aurora T localization, and phosphorylation of conserved residues in the C terminus of INCENP greatly raises Aurora B kinase activity. (smadpathway.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. (bvsalud.org)

What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
In this study, we hypothesized that 5-ASA restrains cell cycle progression by activating checkpoint pathways in colorectal cell lines, which would prevent tumor development and improve genomic stability. (nih.gov)
Additionally, CK1 regulate key signaling pathways such as Wnt (Wingless/ Int-1), Hh (Hedgehog), and Hippo, known to be critically involved in tumor progression. (longdom.org)
Alteration of signalling pathways regulating cell cycle progression is a common feature of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Through extensive biochemical and genetic analysis, we now know that pathways are not simply switched on with kinases and off with phosphatases. (rupress.org)
Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways are most widely studied. (frontiersin.org)
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 36: Involved in signaling pathways. (github.io)
Academic Editor: Robert Henry Aberration of PK-mediated cellular pathways is a most common factor in the onset and progression of cancer [4,5], and starting from the early 2000s PKs have emerged as Received: 29 April 2022 prominent targets for the development of cancer therapies, with 43 protein kinase inhibitors Accepted: 28 May 2022 (PKI) approved by FDA for the treatment of solid and liquid tumors [6]. (sagepub.com)

Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase, Mammalian Ste20-like protein kinase 3. (umbc.edu)
Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), mammalian Ste20-like protein kinase 3 (MST3) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
PP2A, a serine/threonine phosphatase composed of 3 distinct subunits-65-kDa PP2A-A (scaffold subunit), 55-kDa PP2A-B (regulatory subunit), and 37-kDa PP2A-C (catalytic subunit)-constitutes 0.2%-1.0% of the total protein content in mammalian cells and has been implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle progression, DNA replication, gene transcription, and protein translation 5 - 8 . (cancerbiomed.org)

This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
The orthologous gene product in humans can associate with and phosphorylate polo-like kinase 1, and overexpression of a kinase-dead version of the protein interferes with normal cell cycle progression. (utsouthwestern.edu)
The role of kinases is to phosphorylate serine, threonine, or by Microwave-Assisted Suzuki tyrosine residues of speci﫿c protein substrates via the transfer of the -phosphate group of Coupling. (sagepub.com)
Preeminent among these proteins are the cyclin dependent kinases, which upon binding to cyclins, phosphorylate numerous targets to trigger cell cycle progression. (smadpathway.com)

Development of Highly Potent and Selective Diaminothiazole Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. (proteopedia.org)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (rcsb.org)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are members of the serine-threonine protein kinase family and are responsible for taking control of cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
CDKs show their action by interacting with cyclins and different CDK-cyclin complexes regulate the cell cycle in the G1, S and G2/M phases ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 9. (umbc.edu)
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 9 (CDK9) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
CDK9 together with a cyclin partner (cyclin T1, T2a, T2b, or K) is the main component of distinct positive transcription elongation factors (P-TEFb), which function as Ser2 C-terminal domain kinases of RNA polymerase II. (umbc.edu)
Cyclin which controls both the G1/S and the G2/M transition phases of the cell cycle. (wuxibiortus.com)
Functions through the formation of specific serine/threonine protein kinase holoenzyme complexes with the cyclin-dependent protein kinases CDK1 or CDK2. (wuxibiortus.com)
The cyclin subunit confers the substrate specificity of these complexes and differentially interacts with and activates CDK1 and CDK2 throughout the cell cycle. (wuxibiortus.com)
Furthermore, the data of the present study indicated that B‑cell lymphoma 2 and cyclin D1 is involved in the regulation of AKT1 expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
Along with Cdk1/cyclin N, members of the Aurora/Ipl1 kinase family are also crucial regulators of mitosis. (smadpathway.com)

Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
P21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, and PAK3 affects the EMT, proliferation, metastasis and invasion of HCC. (jcancer.org)
In addition, after the overexpression or knockdown of PAK3 in cells, the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of these cells were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing and Transwell assays, and the results were confirmed in vivo experiments in mice. (jcancer.org)
We subsequently confirmed that PAK3 was overexpressed in HCC clinical samples and HCC cell lines and that PAK3 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro . (jcancer.org)
Natural polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Two proteins involved intimately in regulating cell proliferation are Akt and the tumor suppressor p53 (p53). (bioinf.org)
p53 has an important protective role against undesired cell proliferation. (bioinf.org)
More than a decade later, sustained proliferation was still considered as, arguably, the main feature of cancer cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine-threonine kinases that regulate many cellular processes including proliferation and survival. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Stimulates proliferation and differentiation of early progenitor cells within hair follicles. (plurisomes.com)
The RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) family of serine/threonine protein kinases, particularly the AKT1 isoform, has been identified abnormally expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and is highly associated with cell behavior, including proliferation, survival, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
The purpose of the present study was to reveal the effects of AKT1 on the survival and proliferation of HCC cells, and to investigate the mechanisms involved. (spandidos-publications.com)
AKT is a key molecule in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which has been shown to serve notable functions in the regulation of cell viability and to be closely associated with a variety of disorders caused by dysfunctional cellular proliferation ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

But changes in the expression of lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins in urine exosomes remain unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
This study is to investigate the expression changes of lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins in urine exosomes of lung cancer patients, and further verify their correlation with the development and progression of lung cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Mass spectrometry was used to screen and explore the expression changes of lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins in healthy people of different ages. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting were used to detect the expression changes of lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins in lung cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Analyzing the data of urine exosome proteomics, a total of 12 lymphocyte related proteins were identified, 5 of which were lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins were differentially expressed in the urine exosome of lung cancer patients, and WASL, STK10 and WNK1 may serve as potential biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
CK1 members, which commonly exist in all eukaryotes, are involved in the regulation of many cellular processes linked to cell cycle progression, spindledynamics, and chromosome segregation. (longdom.org)
Considering the importance of CK1 for accurate cell division and regulation of tumor suppressor functions, it is not surprising scientific effort has enormously increased. (longdom.org)
LKB1 is involved in the regulation of cell growth and division by phosphorylating and activating several downstream proteins that control cell cycle progression. (nutrahacker.com)
CF treatment on leukemia cell lines induces cell death due to apoptotic mechanisms and altering 123653-11-2 manufacture cell metabolism through HIF-1 and GLUT-1 regulation [3]. (bioinf.org)
these P21-activating kinases (PAKs) are essential in signal transduction and cellular regulation (cytoskeletal dynamics, cell motility, death and survival signaling and cell cycle progression). (nih.gov)
Overall, genes are mainly involved in developmental progression and regulation. (github.io)
Negative regulation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as an adjuvant therapy has demonstrated such chemo- and radio-sensitizing effects 4 . (cancerbiomed.org)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle responsible for protein synthesis, folding, post-translational modification of proteins and protein trafficking in eukaryotes ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The protein kinase family is one of the largest families of proteins in eukaryotes, classified in 8 major groups based on sequence comparison of their tyrosine ,PTK) or serine/threonine ,STK) kinase catalytic domains. (insulin-receptor.info)
Eukaryotes have evolved complex regulatory systems to ensure the cell cycle continues in a timely and appropriate way. (smadpathway.com)
Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. (bvsalud.org)

A variety of approaches, including biochemical purification, gene isolation by homology, and genetic screens, have been successfully used for the identification of putative protein kinases and phosphatases. (rupress.org)
The new protocol allowed quick access a large library of target analogues covering a broad chemical space of putative protein kinases inhibitors (PKIs). (sagepub.com)

STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. (umbc.edu)

The profiling of compound 51 against a panel of 339 kinases revealed high selectivity for CDKs, with preference for CDK2 and CDK5 over CDK9, CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6. (rcsb.org)

This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
Magmas, a gene encoding for the mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit, Tim16, protects different cell lines from the antitumoral effects of several pro-apoptotic stimuli (i.e. chemicals and chemotherapeutic agents). (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
Inhibition of EHMT2 expression or activity in human ERMS cell lines reduced DKK1 expression and elevated canonical Wnt signaling resulting in myogenic differentiation in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
Our study demonstrates that ERMS cells are vulnerable to EHMT2 inhibitors and suggest that targeting the EHMT2-DKK1-β-catenin node holds promise for differentiation therapy. (elifesciences.org)
Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)

The CDK9 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)

STP, serine/threonine protein phosphatase. (rupress.org)
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is highly conserved and is the predominant serine/threonine phosphatase in the nervous system, constituting more than 70% of all neuronal phosphatases. (cancerbiomed.org)
Crystallization and Structural Determination of ABLT315I:AP24534 The kinase domain of murine ABLT315I was coexpressed with YopH protein tyrosine phosphatase in E. coli as described previously and purified in the clear presence of AP24534 to near homogeneity using metal affinity, Mono Q, and measurement exclusion chroma tography. (smadpathway.com)

It may also regulate paxillin and consequently, cell migration. (umbc.edu)

Although B- and T-cell development were normal, CD4(+)T cells lacking Emk exhibited a marked upregulation of the memory marker CD44/pgp-1 and produced more gamma interferon and interleukin-4 on stimulation through the T-cell receptor in vitro. (jcvi.org)
Epidermal Growth factor receptor ,EGFR) is the prototype member of the type 1 receptor tyrosine kinases. (insulin-receptor.info)

FUNCTION: This gene encodes a member of the Ste20 family of serine/threonine protein kinases, and is similar to several known polo-like kinase kinases. (utsouthwestern.edu)

Fifteen micromoles of purvalanol induced a reduction in cell viability by 20 and 35% within 24 and 48 h, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
Consistently, among 13 drugs targeting chromatin modifiers, EHMT2 inhibitors were highly effective in reducing ERMS cell viability. (elifesciences.org)

BCSCs can develop into many cell types and repopulate heterogeneous tumors following conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy [ 4 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Preclinical success has led to a profusion of clinical trials on LB100 adjuvant therapies, including a phase I trial in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, a phase I/II trial in myelodysplastic syndrome, a phase II trial in recurrent glioblastoma, and a completed phase I trial assessing the safety of LB100 and docetaxel in various relapsed solid tumors. (cancerbiomed.org)
The risk is increased 1000-fold for squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and fibrosarcoma and is increased 10-fold to 20-fold for other tumors. (medscape.com)
Increasingly, renal cell cancers are diagnosed at an earlier stage, and nephron-sparing surgery and thermal ablation are gaining acceptance as a treatment of choice for smaller tumors. (medscape.com)

Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek8, also known as never in mitosis A-related kinase 8, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NEK8 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Nek8 is a member of the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase family related to NIMA (never in mitosis, gene A) of Aspergillus nidulans. (wikipedia.org)
Serine/threonine-protein kinase that phosphorylates histone H3 at 'Ser-3' (H3T3ph) during mitosis. (antibodies-online.com)
This phase is also characterized by the synthesis of other proteins required for the upcoming M phase (mitosis and the cytokinesis). (androbose.in)
In the mitosis, the chromosomes are aligned and the two sister chromatids are separated, each becoming the genetic material of the daughter cells. (androbose.in)
Mitosis progression was monitored by time-lapse microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
Downregulation of PI3K-C2β delays mitosis progression in PC3 and HeLa cells, resulting in reduced ability to form colonies in clonogenic assays in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
These data reveal a novel role for the class II PI3K PI3K-C2β during mitosis progression. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, these drugs are known to induce serious side effects due to inhibition of mitosis in other proliferating cells (mainly bone marrow and gut) as well as inhibition of other microtubules-dependent functions, such as neuronal processes [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plk1 belongs to a family of conserved serine/threonine kinases with a polo-box domain and plays a critical role in the initiation of mitosis, centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle formation, and cytokinesis. (nature.com)
Plk1 protein and activity are low in G1, accumulate during S and G2/M phases, and are rapidly reduced in the late stages of mitosis [ 7 ]. (nature.com)

This study determines the effects of krill oil extract on the migration of human CRC cells, and its potential role in modulating EGFR signalling pathway and the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (biomedcentral.com)

Purvalanol is a purine-derived CDKI that binds with a high selectivity and competitively to the ATP binding side of CDK1/2 and leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)

Phosphorylates FOXP3 and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity and protein stability (By similarity). (wuxibiortus.com)

The expression of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) as well as PD-L1 were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)

2017). Several serine/threonine-protein kinases contained DML in C. virginica (Venkataraman et al. (github.io)

The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. (affbiotech.com)
This protein acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a critical role in maintaining the stability of the cell cycle and preventing the development of cancer. (nutrahacker.com)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Our previous results indicate that 5-ASA improves replication fidelity in colorectal cells, an effect that is active in reducing mutations. (nih.gov)

In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. (affbiotech.com)
Protein phosphatases play essential roles as negative regulators of kinases and signaling cascades involved in cytoskeletal organization. (cancerbiomed.org)

All somatic cells proliferate via a mitotic process determined by progression through the cell cycle. (bioinf.org)

The difference in miR-28-5p expression between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and normal tissues or lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tissues and normal tissues was retrieved from TCGA-LUAD and TCGA-LUSC, respectively. (bvsalud.org)

Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
Immune system dysfunction and autoimmune disease in mice lacking Emk (Par-1) protein kinase. (jcvi.org)
Emk(-/-) mice displayed growth retardation and immune cell dysfunction. (jcvi.org)
The present study showed that Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) was upregulated in the kidneys of CKD patients and mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) with location in proximal tubules and tubulointerstitial fibroblasts. (nature.com)
In this study, we explored the role of Plk1 in the classical kidney fibrosis model, UUO, and cultured fibroblast and renal tubular epithelial cells by using specific Plk1 inhibitors, genetic silencing, and heterozygous global knockout mice. (nature.com)

Proteins involved in the ATM-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR)-dependent S-phase checkpoint response (Chk1 and Rad17) were also phosphorylated but not ataxia telengectasia mutated kinase. (nih.gov)
The ataxia telangiectasia Rad3-related (ATR) protein responds to UV damage, whereas the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein responds to double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by ionizing radiation and radiomimetic compounds. (medscape.com)

[email protected] (M.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Functionalized pyrazole-urea scaffolds are a common type II chemotype for the inhibition of protein kinases (PKs), binding simultaneously into the ATP-binding pocket with an ATP bioisostere and into a vicinal allosteric pocket with a pyrazole group. (sagepub.com)

13 Genome Plasticity and B Cell, University of Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cancer Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. (jci.org)
The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Although the importance of kinases in this process has long been recognized, an appreciation for the complex and fundamental role of phosphatases is more recent. (rupress.org)
Furthermore, kinases and phosphatases may work together to modulate the strength of a signal. (rupress.org)
Adding further complexity to this picture is the fact that both kinases and phosphatases can function in signaling networks where multiple kinases and phosphatases contribute to the outcome of a pathway. (rupress.org)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
Part of the ubiquitin ligase family and broadly involved in protein ubiquitination processes (Hu 2005, Jiang 2011). (github.io)

Upon administration, berzosertib selectively binds to and inhibits ATR kinase activity and prevents ATR-mediated signaling in the ATR-checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) signaling pathway. (cancertreatmentsresearch.com)
Taken jointly, our data suggest that sELR1 serves as a secreted mobile aspect that inhibits EIAV an infection in web host cells. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
The p53 protein is a transcription factor that normally inhibits cell growth and stimulates cell death in response to myriad stressors, including DNA damage (induced by either UV or chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide), oxidative stress, and deregulated oncogene expression [6-10]. (bioinf.org)

In addition, Plk1 also prevented partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) of tubular epithelial cells via autophagy pathway. (nature.com)
Due to its key role in the eukaryotic cell cycles, Plk1 has been one of the most validated drug targets for cancer treatment. (nature.com)

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play a critical role in chemoresistance, metastasis, and poor prognosis of breast cancer. (hindawi.com)
is known to exert anticancer effects, such as inducing cell cycle arrest, inhibiting metastasis, and overcoming immunotherapy resistance in breast cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
The migration of lymphocytes shares many similarities in mode and mechanism with the metastasis of lung cancer tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The malignant biological behavior of HCC is closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and EMT plays an important role in the progression, migration and metastasis of HCC. (jcancer.org)

The casein kinase 1 (CK1) belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinases. (longdom.org)

inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α), PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6). (spandidos-publications.com)
Activated and released IRE1α acts as an RNase to initiate transcription of XBP1 mRNA and it becomes a transcriptional activator for unfolded protein response (UPR) gene targets, such as BiP and calreticulin ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Together, they are involved in the control of cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal function. (umbc.edu)
A hallmark of events observed during segmentation was the induction of multiple transcription factors, including a large group of homeobox proteins in pace with decay of a large fraction of maternal transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
Below is a small sample of the many proteins, growth factors, transcription factors it contains. (plurisomes.com)
Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) to evaluate the expression levels of AKT1 in HCC SMMC‑7721 cell line. (spandidos-publications.com)

Protein, which is both involved in DNA repair and protein ubiquitination. (plurisomes.com)

It synthesizes a group of proteins and nucleotides which are required for the synthesis (replication) of the DNA along with other normal processes. (androbose.in)
Increased expression of this gene in Artemia sinica can suppress cell division and macromolecule synthesis (Jiang 2011), so methylation may be regulating gonad development. (github.io)

however, purvalanol triggered autophagy, which functions as a cell survival mechanism at early time-points. (spandidos-publications.com)
Cells like neurons usually get differentiated and perform their functions. (androbose.in)

This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from a phosphate donor onto an acceptor amino acid in a substrate protein. (insulin-receptor.info)

The CPC includes, as well as Aurora B, three regulatory subunits: the inner centromeric protein, Survivin, and Borealin/Dasra W. Beginning in prophase, the CPC localizes to condensing chromosomes and steadily concentrates at the internal centromere where one function would be to correct poor Infectious causes of cancer spindle kinetochore devices. (smadpathway.com)

The intersection between the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the HNK-targets was determined using a Venn diagram, and the results were analyzed using a protein-protein interaction network, hub gene selection, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, genetic alteration analysis, survival rate, and immune cell infiltration levels. (hindawi.com)
Kaplan-Meier Plotter was conducted to analyze the survival rate for different serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (STK4) expressions with different prognostic risks. (bvsalud.org)

Compared to control cells, PC3 cells lacking PI3K-C2β form smaller and more compact colonies in vitro and they form tumours more slowly in vivo in the first weeks after cells implant. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent research has provided new insights into the function of Hox proteins in different germ layers and the mechanisms they employ to control tissue morphogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
PKC is a serin/threonin kinase involved in the control of neoplastic transformation, carcinogenesis, neoplastic invasion, chemoresistance. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Emk is a serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in regulating polarity, cell cycle progression, and microtubule dynamics. (jcvi.org)

Small molecules targeting the NADH-binding pocket of VDAC modulate mitochondrial metabolism in hepatocarcinoma cells. (musc.edu)
Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)

The tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes BCSC survival and cancer progression, and targeting the TME can aid in successful immunotherapy. (hindawi.com)
Increased levels of polyamines in cells are considered to be involved in cancer progression. (spandidos-publications.com)

Various physiological and pathological conditions such as glucose starvation, inhibition of protein glycosylation and oxidative stress may cause an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the present study, our aim was to determine the time-dependent, ER-mediated apoptotic and autophagy induction of purvalanol in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)

Using bioinformatics analyses, we predicted HNK protein targets from several databases and retrieved the genes differentially expressed in mBCSCs from the GEO database. (hindawi.com)
This domain occurred 392 times on human genes ( 904 proteins). (umbc.edu)
This domain occurred 392 times on human genes ( 902 proteins). (umbc.edu)

As a result, viral receptors over the cell membrane offer binding sites for the trojan and so are also mixed up in structural modulation of viral envelopes, resulting in the fusion Pseudouridimycin from the viral and mobile membranes and virion entrance, the first step in viral an infection of focus on cells [2]. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
As inactive This article is an open access article protein kinase conformations exhibit greater structural variation than the conserved active distributed under the terms and conformation to which Type I PKIs bind, Type II PKIs are considered potentially more conditions of the Creative Commons selective than Type I ones [13,14]. (sagepub.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms8

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs141

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Apoptosis23

Inhibitor9

Homolog2

Phosphorylation12

Pathways8

Mammalian3

Phosphorylate4

Inhibitors of Cyclin-Depende1

Cyclin12

Proliferation14

Regulation13

Eukaryotes4

Putative protein kinases2

Residues1

CDKs1

Subunit2

Differentiation4

Phosphoinositide1

Phosphatase3

Regulate1

Receptor2

Encodes a member1

Viability2

Tumors4

Mitosis11

Signalling pathway1

CDK11

Cyclins1

Regulates1

EGFR1

20171

Tumor suppressor2

Mutations2

Regulators2

Mitotic1

Squamous cell carc1

Mice5

Ataxia2

Abstract1

Genome2

Phosphatases3

Family2

Inhibits3

Plk12

Metastasis4

Casein1

Transcription6

Ubiquitination1

Synthesis2

Functions2

Enzymes2

Regulatory1

Survival Rate2

Control3

Polarity1

Metabolism2

Cancer progression2

Autophagy2

Mitochondrial1

Genes3

Structural2