• The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Therefore, many genetically programmed cell suicide pathways have evolved to promote long-term survival of species from yeast to humans. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Since angiogenesis and metastatic spread are strictly related, in this study we analyzed the regulation of multiple signaling pathways responsible for cancer cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Next, the results of cell-cell communication analysis suggested that pericytes interact with broad immune cells via MDK-NCL pathways in metastasis samples, MIF-(CD74+CXCR4) and MIF-(CD74+CC44) interaction especially occurred between different cell types in tumor and normal samples. (aging-us.com)
  • High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, an important mediator in late inflammatory responses, interacts with transmembrane receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) to activate downstream signaling pathways, such as the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway, leading to a cascade amplification of inflammatory responses, which are related to neuronal damage after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sphingolipids are an extensive class of lipids with different functions in the cell, ranging from proliferation to cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. (haematologica.org)
  • Although it is believed that anticancer properties of Silibinin are related to its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metabolism, its accurate biochemical anticancer mechanism is still under investigation (4-12). (researchsquare.com)
  • WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
  • A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
  • In addition, we found that BMP-2, a 4HPR target with antiangiogenic activity, decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by down-regulating the pathway described involving AKT phosphorylation, β-catenin stability and cyclin D1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a consequence, 4HPR led to the regulation of genes controlling cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These foam cells in turn produce more inflammatory cytokines and growth factors to promote the migration of the quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the medial layer to intima and activate VSMC proliferation and increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in the thickening of intima and occlusion of the blood vessel [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These immunosuppressive properties of THC were confirmed in vitro, with spleen cells extracted from the mice showing limited proliferation and impaired production of interferon-, a cytokine involved in atherosclerosis, and reduced leukocyte migration. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, EPB41L4A-AS2 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. (cancerindex.org)
  • In addition, expression of M2 in primary murine B cells leads to secretion of high levels of IL-10 along with enhanced proliferation and survival. (prelekara.sk)
  • indicated that ATMs colocalized with T cells in lymphoid clusters within adipose tissue and may act as APCs, which express high levels of MHCII and also costimulatory molecules and process and present antigens to induce CD4+ T-cell proliferation and activation in adipose tissue of obese mice (29, 68, 105). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • showed that adipose tissue from obese mice induced proliferation of splenic CD8+ T cells, indicating a CD8+ T cell-activating environment in obese adipose tissue (31). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • However, potentially erroneous characterization of cytotoxicity and cell proliferation can arise if verification of baseline interaction of test article with method employed is neglected. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-tumorigenic Beas-2B cells were treated with graded concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 24 and 48h prior to cytotoxicity and proliferation assessment with commonly used MTT, MTS, WST1, and Alamar Blue assays. (cdc.gov)
  • These agents inhibit cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Vinblastine inhibits microtubule formation, which, in turn, disrupts the formation of a mitotic spindle, causing cell proliferation to arrest at metaphase. (medscape.com)
  • Etoposide inhibits topoisomerase II and causes DNA strand breakage, causing cell proliferation to arrest in the late S or early G2 portion of the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Mercaptopurine is a purine analog that inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, causing cell proliferation to arrest. (medscape.com)
  • Cytarabine blocks the progression from G1 to the S phase and, in turn, kills cells that undergo DNA synthesis in the S phase of the cell proliferation cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Parasitic helminths generally induce strong type 2 immunity that normally controls parasite infection and is characterized by production of type 2 cytokines like interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-5, and IL-13 by innate cells (group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages) and CD4 + T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
  • This antiatherosclerotic effect is probably mediated by the CB2 receptor, as it is strongly expressed by macrophages and T lymphocytes within atherosclerotic lesions. (medscape.com)
  • CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta ) is a 7.8 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). (rndsystems.com)
  • Another statement showed the preadipocyte- and endothelial cell-derived stromal-derived element-1 (CXCL12), mediated early infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes in obesity, which preceded the increase of macrophages in adipose cells of mice on HFD (101). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • In obese humans, adipocyte-secreted CCL20 may contribute to the deposition of Compact disc4+ helper and Compact disc8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes within adipose tissues, possibly via connections with CCR6 which was upregulated on T cells in obese adipose tissues (100). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), also known as glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF), L-dopachrome isomerase, or phenylpyruvate tautomerase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIF gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Full length human recombinant protein of human S100A9 produced in SF9 cell. (thermofisher.com)
  • The only ligand recognized to bind MST1R (RON) is Macrophage Stimulating 1 (MST1), also known as Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP) or Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Protein (HGFL). (frontiersin.org)
  • Design and Methods The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor protein was examined in patients' bone marrow biopsy specimens using immunohistochemistry. (haematologica.org)
  • Results Strong hypoxia-inducible factor-2 protein expression was detected in CD138 + multiple myeloma plasma cells in patients' biopsy specimens. (haematologica.org)
  • The spike protein binds to the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 on the surface of its host cell. (medicaltrend.org)
  • The protease induces a conformational change, exposes the fusion peptide of the spike protein and promotes fusion with the cell or endosomal membrane. (medicaltrend.org)
  • In a prior study, senior author Richard Bucala, M.D. described a unique protein produced by malaria parasites, Plasmodium macrophage migration inhibitory factor (PMIF), which suppresses memory T cells, the infection-fighting cells that respond to threats and protect the body against reinfection. (yale.edu)
  • Siglec-E, a mouse orthologue of human Siglec-9, is a sialic acid binding lectin predominantly expressed on the surface of myeloid cells to transduce inhibitory signal via recruitment of SH2-domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1/2 upon binding to its sialoglycan ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By performing proximity labeling and proteomic analysis, we identified scavenger receptor CD36 as a cell surface protein interacting with Siglec-E. Further experiments performed in HEK293T cells transiently overexpressing Siglec-E and CD36 and peritoneal macrophages demonstrated that depletion of cell surface sialic acids by treatment with sialyltransferase inhibitor or sialidase did not affect interaction between Siglec-E and CD36 but retarded Siglec-E-mediated inhibition on oxidized LDL uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)
  • Assessment of microglial activation in lesioned sites and protein markers for proinflammatory, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and HMGB1 were used to evaluate neuroinflammatory responses and anti-inflammation effects of ω-3 PUFA supplementation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The membranes inhibitory for the NTs download manual of structural kinesiology 2011 of sufficient synapsis and homodimeric excitability corepressor of protein by ciliary early transporters and tails are found in this domain as six unintegrated dynamics: protein 1. (erik-mill.de)
  • We have previously shown that the MHV68 M2 protein is important for virus reactivation from B cells and, when expressed alone in primary murine B cells, can drive B cell differentiation towards a pre-plasma cell phenotype. (prelekara.sk)
  • Murine Gammaherpesvirus M2 Protein Induction of IRF4 via the NFAT Pathway Leads to IL-10 Expression in B Cells. (prelekara.sk)
  • Ibudilast showed modest anti-proliferative activity however, when combined with TMZ, significant synergism was observed, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • As a consequence of treatments, the most frequent mechanism of cell death is apoptosis, followed by autophagy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sphingolipids are remarkably diverse and have crucial roles in maintaining barrier function and fluidity, as well as regulating the cell cycle, cell motility, differentiation, adhesion, and apoptosis ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the present study, the mechanistic role of Foxc1 on microglial migration, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in SAE was investigated. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment was found to trigger BV‑2 cell migration, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • After Foxc1 was overexpressed, the cognitive dysfunction of mice that underwent CLP surgery was improved, with the expression of IκBα also increased, microglial cell migration, the expression of p65, IL‑1β and TNF‑α and neuronal apoptosis were all decreased in vivo and in vitro , which were in turn reversed by the inhibition of IκBα in vitro . (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Overall, these results suggest that the overexpression of Foxc1 inhibited microglial migration whilst suppressing the inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis by regulating the IκBα/NF‑κB pathway, thereby improving cognitive dysfunction during SAE. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) isolated from mulberry fruit against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The MIN6 pancreatic β-cells were used to investigate the cytoprotective effects of C3G on the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Taken together, our results suggest that C3G isolated from mulberry fruit has potential for use as a phytotherapeutic agent for the prevention of diabetes by preventing oxidative stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of C3G isolated from mulberry fruit against the H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis of MIN6N pancreatic β-cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this area, our recent research has included studying cutaneous shave biopsies for diagnosing primary colonic adenocarcinoma as well as growth inhibition and apoptosis in human brain tumor cell lines using selenium. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • In the later generations, when telomeres are short, cells die via apoptosis or senescence. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Apoptosis and other forms of cell death are required for trimming excess, expired and damaged cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • It was found that ω-3 PUFA supplementation inhibited TBI-induced microglial activation and expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ), reduced brain edema, decreased neuronal apoptosis, and improved neurological functions after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, mitochondria control cell death through apoptosis and supply Ca 2+ and metabolites required for cellular homeodynamics [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Role of PDL-1 in NSCLC chemoresistance was assessed using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown and various functional assays including MTT, cell invasion, sphere formation, and cell apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Mechanistically, an upregulation of PDL-1 in chemotherapy-treated CAFs led to an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion, which stimulates cancer progression, cell invasion, and stemness of lung cancer cells, while inhibiting apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • Background Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy of bone marrow plasma cells. (haematologica.org)
  • 6 , 7 CXCL12 is an important mediator of several aspects of MM biology including transendothelial migration, 8 , 9 MM plasma cell migration and retention within the bone marrow, 10 , 11 angiogenesis, 7 and osteoclastic bone resorption. (haematologica.org)
  • 6 Recent animal studies involving systemic injection of labeled MM plasma cells have also demonstrated that blocking the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis leads to a 20% reduction in bone marrow tumor burden. (haematologica.org)
  • People with this disease die of bone marrow failure, likely due to stem cell loss. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Here, we show that MM-derived macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) stimulates bone marrow stromal cells to produce the disease critical cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, prior to any cell-cell contact. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we investigate the function of MM-derived MIF in the MM microenvironment by examining its effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein for mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood, comprising the administration of an effective amount of an inhibitor of GTPases, such as Rac1 and Rac2 alone or in combination. (justia.com)
  • Therefore, hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into a subject's peripheral blood by the method of the invention is useful as a source of donor cells in bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including cancer, anemia, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. (justia.com)
  • The present invention relates generally to improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions for mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell from bone marrow into peripheral blood by administration of at least one inhibitor of a GTPase, such as Rac1 and/or Rac2 GTPase. (justia.com)
  • Stem cells represent a very small percentage of bone marrow cells, and are normally quiescent. (justia.com)
  • These therapies decrease a patient's white blood cell counts, suppress bone marrow hematopoietic activity, and increase the patient's risk of infection and/or hemorrhage. (justia.com)
  • Current treatments to manage the problems that result from prolonged bone marrow suppression include the reinfusion of a patient's own previously harvested hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (justia.com)
  • In such procedures, patients undergo successive treatments with cell mobilization agents to cause mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation for harvesting. (justia.com)
  • After harvesting, the patient is given high dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the bone marrow function is reconstituted by infusion of the cells harvested earlier. (justia.com)
  • The use of high-dosage chemotherapy or radiotherapy for bone marrow ablation requires subsequent incorporation of hematopoietic stem cells into the patient, in which case prior harvesting of such cells is required. (justia.com)
  • The success of treatment crucially depends on the mobilization of the bone marrow stem cells, the subsequent return of which permits the patient to achieve reconstitution of a functioning hematopoietic system. (justia.com)
  • 6,7 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also been isolated from other sources, such as bone marrow, 8 the placenta, 9 muscle, 10 or blood. (jcadonline.com)
  • In RA, synovial cells express genes and erosive enzymes that contribute to joint degradation. (cellapplications.com)
  • Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
  • 14 , 15 HIF-1 and HIF-2 mediate adaptive responses to hypoxia by inducing the transcription of genes associated with erythropoiesis, glycolytic metabolism, cell survival and angiogenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)
  • We found that 4HPR impairs DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells migration and invasion by down-regulating FAK and AKT activation and by enhancing β-catenin degradation, causing the downregulation of target genes like cyclin D1, survivin and VEGF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have identified a large group of regulated genes with putative binding sites for the FOXO transcription factor, DAF-16. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we also see strong regulation of many novel hedgehog- and patched-related genes, hormone biosynthetic genes, cell cycle genes, and other regulatory genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While macrophages were reported to act as one of the cells in LUAD, enrichment analysis of macrophage marker genes revealed the important role of macrophages in the activation of neutrophils. (aging-us.com)
  • Although several studies revealed the important role of immune cells and related marker genes impact on LUAD prognosis and process, a comprehensive understanding of TIME malignant and metastatic change in LUAD is still limited. (aging-us.com)
  • Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down- regulation of specific genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Two major thrusts in the last decade have dramatically impacted our understanding of biofilms: the utilization of the confocal laser scanning microscope to characterize biofilm ultrastructure, and an investigation of the genes involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. (cdc.gov)
  • A microglia‑mediated inflammation model was induced by LPS in BV‑2 microglial cells in vitro , whilst a SAE‑related cognitive impairment model was established in mice using cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) surgery. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidants present in natural products protect cells by reducing H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Alternative activation of macrophages by IL-4 in vitro was described as an opposite phenotype of classically activated macrophages, but the in vivo reality is much more complex. (hindawi.com)
  • Modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and foam cell formation in wild type (WT) and Siglec-E −/− - peritoneal macrophages were examined in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Siglec-E deficiency promotes foam cell formation by enhancing acetylated and oxidized LDL uptake without affecting cholesterol efflux in macrophages in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scientific Methods: In vitro growth inhibition assays were completed with AHCC alone and in combination with PLD in panel of human cancer cell lines and findings confirmed in vivo in an ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model. (researchgate.net)
  • 1997. In vitro genotoxic effects of hard metal particles assessed by alkaline single cell gel and elution assays. (cdc.gov)
  • The working group of the Histiocyte Society divided histocytic disorders into three groups: (1) dendritic cell histiocytosis, (2) macrophage-related disorders, and (3) malignant histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • More recently, histiocytic diseases have been reclassified into five groups: (1) Langerhans-related, (2) cutaneous and mucocutaneous, (3) malignant histiocytosis, (4) Rosai-Dorfman disease, and (5) hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • This is attributable, in part, to the highly protective nature of the BM micro-environment niche in which the malignant plasma cells proliferate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wang H , Han G , Chen J , . Heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironment in malignant and metastatic change in LUAD is revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. (aging-us.com)
  • Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis and cell reproduction in malignant cells. (medscape.com)
  • Intradermal adipocyte progenitor cells are activated toward the end of the telogen phase to proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes. (jcadonline.com)
  • In addition to a role in adaptive immunity, memory CD8+ T cells are involved in innate immunity, being able to become activated and to proliferate under cytokine stimulation (107, 108). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Indeed, CD8+ T cells from mouse adipose tissue respond to cytokines and become activated and proliferate under stimulation of IL-12 and IL-18, which are mainly produced by APCs and are elevated in obese adipose tissue (44). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Cell cycle progression was also affected. (frontiersin.org)
  • Targeting the hypoxic niche, and more specifically hypoxia-inducible factor-2, may represent a viable strategy to inhibit angiogenesis in multiple myeloma and progression of this disease. (haematologica.org)
  • however, little has been done to investigate the MM cell's ability to 're-program' cells within its environment to benefit disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is apparent that macrophage-derived foam cells play a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of THC on atherosclerosis progression are abolished in the presence of a CB2-receptor antagonist. (medscape.com)
  • They found that the inhibitory effect of THC on atherosclerotic lesion progression was completely abolished in the presence of the antagonist. (medscape.com)
  • These cells, surrounding the hair follicles, secrete signaling molecules that control the progression of the hair cycle. (jcadonline.com)
  • Plenty of research had reported that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) impacts cancer progression and metastases, as well as affects patient prognoses and outcomes [ 6 , 7 ], which emphasizes the important role of immune cells, vital components of the tumor microenvironment, impacting on patient survival and tumor progression [ 8 , 9 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • In 1868, Paul Langerhans discovered the epidermal dendritic cells that now bear his name. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • To unravel the possible mechanism of action, an analysis of the lesions in the THC-treated mice revealed these mice had fewer plaque-infiltrating macrophages than the control mice. (medscape.com)
  • Over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor in multiple myeloma plasma cells strongly induced in vivo angiogenesis, and administration of a CXCL12 antagonist decreased hypoxia-inducible factor-induced angiogenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • Furthermore, the absence of M2 in vivo leads to a defect in the appearance of MHV68 infected plasma cells in the spleen at the peak of MHV68 latency. (prelekara.sk)
  • In vivo experiments were conducted using a co-implantation xenograft mouse model with live cell imaging and immunohistochemistry. (cdc.gov)
  • The INRG classification takes into account several factors, such as tumor stage and differentiation, patient age, histology, MYCN oncogene status, DNA ploidy, and segmental chromosomal anomalies, in particular chromosome 11q aberration [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • According to the risk classification, there are different therapeutic approaches for NB patients, such as observation, surgical tumor removal, chemo- and radiotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), differentiation therapy, and immunotherapy [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Like cell division and differentiation, cell death is also critical for normal development and maintenance of healthy tissues. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Sequential rounds of division and differentiation give rise to an enormous amplification of cell numbers, necessary for the production of mature blood cells. (justia.com)
  • This process of division and differentiation is subject to regulation at many levels to control cell production. (justia.com)
  • Reactivation of the gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) from latently infected B cells has been linked to plasma cell differentiation. (prelekara.sk)
  • Together, these studies argue in favor of a model wherein M2 activation of the NFAT pathway initiates events leading to increased levels of IRF4 - a key player in plasma cell differentiation - which in turn triggers IL-10 expression. (prelekara.sk)
  • In the context of previous findings, the data presented here provides insights into how M2 facilitates plasma cell differentiation and subsequent virus reactivation. (prelekara.sk)
  • This non-migratory phenotype was similarly produced in both cell lines by stable silencing of β-catenin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data point to 4HPR as a negative regulator of AKT phosphorylation, effectively targeting the β-catenin pathway and inducing a relatively benign phenotype in prostate cancer cells, limiting neoangiogenesis and cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, methods are disclosed for mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood. (justia.com)
  • In particular, embodiments of the method involve inhibition of both Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases to increase the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood of a subject. (justia.com)
  • The various mature blood cell types are all ultimately derived from a single class of progenitor cell known as hematopoietic stem cells. (justia.com)
  • Leukocytic, hematopoietic cells are important in maintaining the body's defense against disease. (justia.com)
  • Other cell types derived from hematopoietic stem cells include platelets and erythrocytes. (justia.com)
  • In many cases, successfully mobilization is not effected in the patient and inadequate numbers of hematopoietic stem cells are harvested from these patients using current methods. (justia.com)
  • Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a key role in several diseases, including cancer. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • To investigate the effects of MIF secretion by MM on its microenvironment, we used cytokine arrays to establish if cytokine changes occur when MM cells are cultured with primary BMSC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • c Representative ( n = 3) Human XL cytokine array output after a 24-h incubation in either mono or co-culture, cell supernatant was used for analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a mammalian cytokine that participates in innate and adaptive immune responses. (pberghei.eu)
  • Overexpression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was identified in human GBM specimens that were MGMT methylated but showed poor survival. (nature.com)
  • This gene encodes a lymphokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, we focus on the hypothesis that the macrophage is an important cell type in the propagation of inflammation and induction of insulin resistance in obesity. (jci.org)
  • CCL4 attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammation such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium (3 - 8). (rndsystems.com)
  • During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
  • Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • It decreases inflammation by suppressing the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reducing capillary permeability. (medscape.com)
  • T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
  • However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • CXCL12 is a constitutively expressed chemokine which binds primarily to the CXCR4 receptor and regulates cell growth, chemotaxis, myelopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and development of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. (haematologica.org)
  • Furthermore, we show that expression of IRF4 alone in a B cell line up-regulates IL-10 expression in culture supernatants, revealing a novel role for IRF4 in B cell induced IL-10. (prelekara.sk)
  • The monocytes then differentiate into macrophages and uptake modified LDLs to become foam cells with a feature of intracellular cholesterol accumulation as lipid droplets, which is the hallmark of early lesion [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In support of the immunomodulatory role of cannabinoids, the CB2 receptor has been identified on several types of immune cells, including -cells, T-cells, and monocytes. (medscape.com)
  • The circulating MIF binds to CD74 on other immune cells to trigger an acute immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, glucocorticoids also stimulate white blood cells to release MIF and hence MIF partially counteracts the inhibitory effects that glucocorticoids have on the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • MIF is upregulated in NB tumor tissues and cell lines and it contributes to NB aggressiveness and immune-escape. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • July 2023 - Researchers at the Erturk lab have introduced wildDISCO, a groundbreaking method that utilizes standard antibodies to achieve deep penetration into the whole mouse body, generating high-resolution 3D atlases of neurons, immune cells, the vasculature, and lymphatic vessels. (isd-research.de)
  • Macrophages are highly plastic innate immune cells that adopt an important diversity of phenotypes in response to environmental cues. (hindawi.com)
  • Helminth infections induce strong type 2 cell-mediated immune responses, characterized among other things by production of high levels of interleukin- (IL-) 4 and IL-13. (hindawi.com)
  • Their exact activation state as well as the role of these cells and associated molecules in type 2 immune responses remains to be fully understood. (hindawi.com)
  • These often-complex life cycles have lead helminths to develop mechanisms to invade and migrate through the host while modulating the immune system and ensure their long-lasting persistence in their host [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Besides, appropriate immune response is needed to repair tissue damage linked to parasite migration or to avoid damage caused by excessive immune activation. (hindawi.com)
  • STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. (medsci.org)
  • Most mRNA vaccines currently undergoing preclinical trials and clinical use are injected into the skin, muscle or subcutaneously in a single dose, where they are absorbed by immune or non-immune cells and converted into antigens, which are displayed to T cells And B cells. (medicaltrend.org)
  • The vaccine would be used in children so that they would already have an immune response to this particular malaria product, and when they became infected with malaria, they would have a normal T cell response, clear the parasite, and be protected from future infection," he stated. (yale.edu)
  • Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like receptors predominantly expressed on cells of immune system to regulate their functions through recognizing their glycan ligands [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Researchers suggest that THC and other cannabinoids, which are active at CB2, the cannabinoid receptor expressed on immune cells, may be valuable in treating atherosclerosis . (medscape.com)
  • Firstly, the transcriptome landscape of heterogeneous cell types in LUAD was analyzed and memory T cells, NK cells, and helper T cells were revealed to be the common immune cells in tumor, normal, and metastasis tissue, respectively. (aging-us.com)
  • Then, multivariate analysis was performed to demonstrate that the signature was an independent prognostic factor and highly correlated with immune-cell infiltrations and immune-suppressive states. (aging-us.com)
  • TBI-induced microglial activation and the release of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL), and interferon (IFN), cause direct neuronal cell death and also induce vascular endothelial cells to express a variety of cell adhesion molecules and cell chemotaxis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Family in Cancer" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/16148 (accessed December 01, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • On the other hand, the infiltration of organs by a monoclonal population of aberrant cells, the possibility of lethal evolution, and the cancer-based modalities of successful treatment are all consistent with a neoplastic process. (medscape.com)
  • Insufficient cell death underlies human cancer and autoimmune disease, while excessive cell death underlies human neurological disorders and aging. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Of particular interest to our group are the mechanisms by which Bcl-2 family proteins and other factors regulate programmed cell death, particularly in the nervous system, in cancer and in virus infections. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85-90% of cases, while lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype [ 2 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Others found that Silibinin targeted the onset of angiogenesis in prostate cancer and inhibited signalling originated by Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) (13, 14). (researchsquare.com)
  • We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
  • Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer and accounts for approximately 40% of all lung cancer cases. (aging-us.com)
  • In this study, we investigated programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) as a potential biomarker for CAF-induced chemoresistance and evaluated its role and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)
  • Silencing PDL-1 expression suppressed CAFs' ability to promote stem cell-like properties and invasiveness of lung cancer cells, favoring chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Promoter analyses revealed increased hypoxia-inducible factor-2 binding to the CXCL12 promoter under hypoxic conditions. (haematologica.org)
  • Consistent with the latter observation, we show that IRF4 can regulate the IL-10 promoter in B cells. (prelekara.sk)
  • Our results demonstrate that tumor growth, peritoneal dissemination and peritoneum or organ metastasis implanted MKN45 cells were significantly decreased in shAhR and Biseugenol-treated mice and that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was caused. (oncotarget.com)
  • The efficacy of every anticancer agent is usually assessed by its ability to kill tumor cells without damaging normal tissues. (researchsquare.com)
  • Processes involved in later stage disease, like development of androgen independence as a consequence of androgen depletion therapy, neoangiogenesis and homing of metastatic cells in lymphatic or bone tissues are generally undetectable at early stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been found that some of the SVF cell types possess regenerative and anti-inflammatory potentials in damaged tissues due to their ability to secrete growth factors and anti-inflammatory molecules. (jcadonline.com)
  • However, the main element substances that mediate T cell infiltration into adipose tissues in maturing remain to become discovered. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Activation of Typical T Cells in Adipose Tissues Compact disc4+ Purpureaside C T Cell Activation TCRs recognize the current presence of a particular antigen by binding to brief peptide sequences in the antigen that's shown on APCs. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • further defined that mostly huge adipocytes from obese adipose tissues exhibited an increased expression degree of MHCII substances and acted as APCs to activate Compact disc4+ T cells to secrete IFN- (103). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Indeed, the principal adipocytes isolated from obese mice could induce antigen-specific Compact disc4+ T cell activation (58). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • We have reported that many insults can trigger cells to activate a cellular death pathway (Nature, 361:739-742, 1993), that several viruses encode proteins to block attempted cell suicide (Proc. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • We have shown that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins can be converted into killer molecules (Science 278:1966-8, 1997), that Bcl-2 family proteins interact with regulators of caspases and regulators of cell cycle check point activation (Molecular Cell 6:31-40, 2000). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • Conclusions Hypoxia-inducible factor-2 is a newly identified regulator of CXCL12 expression in multiple myeloma plasma cells and a major contributor to multiple myeloma plasma cell-induced angiogenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • Here, we reviewed the recent advances from the laboratory mouse about macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during parasitic helminth infection. (hindawi.com)
  • Similar to CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells exhibit effector memory or effector phenotypes expressing elevated levels of IFN- in obese adipose tissue (31, 44). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • MIF plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hypoxic regulation of CXCL12 was examined in multiple myeloma plasma cell lines using polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. (haematologica.org)
  • The role of hypoxia-inducible factors-1 and -2 in the regulation of CXCL12 expression was examined using over-expression and short hairpin RNA knockdown constructs, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. (haematologica.org)
  • As an example, the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus produces a TGF- β mimic during its invasive stages causing the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice [ 9 ], a T cell subset that controls immunity in infection, allergy, and autoimmunity [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The lab also is using the telomerase null mice to explore the essential role of telomerase stem cell viability. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • 1 × 10 6 MM.1S-luc cells (ShE control n = 10, and ShMIF n = 7) were injected via the tail vein of 6-8-week-old NSG mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First, using a strain of the malaria parasite with PMIF genetically deleted, they observed that mice infected with that strain developed memory T cells and showed stronger anti-parasite immunity. (yale.edu)
  • As a final test, the researchers transferred memory T cells from the immunized mice to "naïve" mice never exposed to malaria. (yale.edu)
  • A CCL4 deficiency in mice promotes the development of autoantibodies, possibly as a result of compromised regulatory T cell recruitment (6). (rndsystems.com)
  • 4. UsherwoodEJ, StewartJP, RobertsonK, AllenDJ, NashAA (1996) Absence of splenic latency in murine gammaherpesvirus 68-infected B cell-deficient mice. (prelekara.sk)
  • However, the excessive generation of ROS, such as super oxide anions (O 2 − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) due to environmental stress results in significant oxidative damage to cell structures, such as DNA, the mitochondria and cell membranes ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Nonetheless, it is likely that any genetic component must interact with environmental factors in order for insulin resistance to develop into a pathophysiologically meaningful abnormality. (jci.org)
  • Single-cell genetic analysis of clonal dynamics in colorectal adenomas indicates CDX2 gain as a predictor of recurrence. (cancerindex.org)
  • An established biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells. (cdc.gov)
  • In some investigations, silibinin decreases micro-vessel density in prostate carcinoma tumours by decreasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. (researchsquare.com)
  • The accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages, foam cells, within sub-endothelial intima is a key feature of early atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Forkhead box C1 (Foxc1) is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family that has been found to regulate in cell migration. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here, employing an inducible B cell expression system, we have determined that M2 activates the NFAT pathway in a Src kinase-dependent manner - leading to induction of the plasma cell-associated transcription factor, Interferon Regulatory Factor-4 (IRF4). (prelekara.sk)
  • 4HPR was able to decrease AKT phosphorylation also when powerfully upregulated by IGF-1 and, consequently, to impair IGF-1-stimulated cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, cell death regulators also regulate many other cellular processes prior to a death stimulus, including neuronal activity, mitochondrial dynamics and energetics. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Adipose cells organized in small clusters under the reticular dermis closely interact with hair follicular cells and regulate the hair cycle. (jcadonline.com)
  • building Having in weakly cells: In subunit to subject ligand muscle, p21 compounds reserve family. (erik-mill.de)
  • 26,27 Dermal adipocytes are organized in small clusters under the reticular dermis and interact with the hair follicular cells regulating the hair cycle. (jcadonline.com)
  • We can take advantage of a variety of helminth models available, each of which have their own feature including life cycle, site of infection, or pathological mechanisms influencing macrophage biology. (hindawi.com)
  • A biofilm is an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that is enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix. (cdc.gov)
  • A-site was others to specific response absorption will skip transported in unknown factors of Reactome. (erik-mill.de)
  • When stimulated to divide, they give rise to more committed, differentiated daughter cells with less proliferative potential, called "early progenitor" cells. (justia.com)
  • Adipose tissue is a loose connective tissue composed of cells supported by an intracellular matrix as well as by vascular, lymphatic, and neural networks. (jcadonline.com)
  • However, its role in aging-related adipose tissue CD4+ T cell activation remains to be investigated. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • CD8+ T Cell Activation Compared to CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells show a greater increase in adipose tissue in obesity and in aging (31, 43, 106). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The mechanism for CD8+ T cell activation in adipose tissue is not fully understood. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Type 1 diabetes, classified as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is caused by the loss of insulin secretion due to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • The pathogenesis of SAE involves a number of factors, including neuroinflammation, collapse of the blood brain barrier (BBB), ischemic injury, alterations in the neurotransmitter profile and mitochondrial dysfunction. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • PC cells usually remain confined in the organ, while a small proportion of carcinomas acquire the ability to metastasize and approximately 80% of patients who have died of advanced hormone refractory PC have clinical evidence of bone metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we collected single-cell sequencing datasets of LUAD and applied an integrated bioinformatic method to depict the transcriptome characteristic of LUAD in normal, tumoral, and metastasis condition. (aging-us.com)
  • Telomerase is required for cells that undergo many rounds of divisions, especially tumor cells and some stem cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • True stem cells are both pluripotent-that is they can give rise to all cell types-and capable of self-renewal. (justia.com)
  • RESULTS: We demonstrated that chemotherapy-stimulated CAFs promoted tumorigenic and stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells, which contribute to their chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: Our results show that PDL-1-positive CAFs modulate stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells by secreting elevated HGF, thereby promoting chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Previous researchers had conducted a comprehensive analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data of LUAD and identified prognostic signatures based on B cells [ 12 ] and natural killer cells [ 13 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • These brief peptide sequences in the antigen are often presented over the cell surface area of APCs by using MHCII substances, which are necessary for activation of Compact disc4+ T cells (102). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Taken together, one important mechanism for obese adipose CD4+ T cell activation may be mediated through MHCII expressed on ATMs and adipocytes. (exposed-skin-care.net)