Cell polymerase factor. Medical search. Frequent questions

Characterization of human cytomegalovirus uracil DNA glycosylase (UL114) and its interaction with polymerase processivity factor (UL44). (uib.no)
Viral DNA synthesis involves a DNA repair enzyme, the uracil-DNA glycosylase D4 linked to the structural protein A20 forming the processivity factor, which in turn binds to E9 forming the complex required for processive DNA synthesis. (biorxiv.org)

Snapshots of the RNA processing factor SCAF8 bound to different phosphorylated forms of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. (nih.gov)

Olaparib is a type of drug called a PARP (poly [adenosine diphosphate-ribose] polymerase) inhibitor. (cancersa.org.au)
PARP inhibitors can destroy cancer cells that are not good at repairing DNA damage. (cancersa.org.au)
Although inhibition of PARP activity does not sensitize TDP1-deficient cells to Top1 poisons, it confers increased sensitivity to alkylation damage, highlighting partially overlapping roles for PARP and TDP1 in response to genotoxic challenge. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Poly(adenosine 5′-diphosphate [ADP]-ribose)-polymerase (PARP)-14 belongs to a family of intracellular proteins that generate ADP-ribose posttranslational adducts. (imperial.ac.uk)
TF mRNA regulation by PARP-14 was selective, as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α mRNA, which is also regulated by TTP, was not altered in PARP-14 deficient macrophages. (imperial.ac.uk)

Sigma factors are a class of proteins constituting essential dissociable subunits that confer sequence-specific DNA binding properties to RNA polymerase (RNAP). (hindawi.com)
Finally, IGF‑1R protein, phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/Akt signaling pathway‑associated proteins and cyclin pathway‑associated proteins were differentially expressed between miR‑497‑overexpressing cells and miR-497-silenced cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
For example, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-2 and −9, have been shown to be typical NF-κB target proteins that are responsible for extracellular matrix breakdown and cell invasion ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
Medical experts then extract large protein quantities from the eukaryotic or bacterial cell and test the proteins for enzymatic activity. (alternativemedicine.com)
CLL cells have distinctive markers, called cell surface proteins, on the outside of the cell. (cancer.net)
Your doctor may recommend testing the leukemia cells for specific genes, proteins, chromosome changes, and other factors unique to the leukemia. (cancer.net)
This balance is maintained by the combinatorial activity of transcription factors and chromatin proteins that dictate the transcription of coding gene networks instructing fate choice decisions. (upenn.edu)
Both genes are highly conserved, and their proteins are thought to have 2 functions: (1) formation of a bridge or scaffold between the DNA-binding transcription factors and the RNA polymerase II complex and (2) serving as histone acetyltransferases that open the chromatin structure, a process essential for gene expression. (medscape.com)

The role of hypoxia-inducible factors-1 and -2 in the regulation of CXCL12 expression was examined using over-expression and short hairpin RNA knockdown constructs, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. (haematologica.org)
Assays on the cell culture showed that the genetically engineered cells released the BMP-2 for at least 14 days. (dovepress.com)
Cell migration was detected by wound healing and Transwell assays, while cell invasion was detected by a Matrigel‑coated Transwell method. (spandidos-publications.com)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays and other genetic tests, such as polymerase chain reaction, are used to find genetic changes. (cancer.net)
We demonstrate that this selective regulation of RNA polymerase II phosphorylation state exists within human cells, consistent with in vitro assays. (rcsb.org)
Information on risk factors was obtained by personal interviews, and cervical cells were collected for detection of HPV DNA and typing in a central laboratory by polymerase-chain-reaction-based assays (with MY09/MY11 and GP5+/6+ primers). (nih.gov)

The proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells give rise to progeny that can populate the entire immunologic and hematopoietic systems through committed progenitors of both the lymphoid and myeloid lineages. (medscape.com)
However, the molecular mechanisms which regulate Th1 cell differentiation in CD mucosa are unknown. (bmj.com)
Many of these miRNAs act as tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes, and are involved in cell activities that include development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and immunity ( 7 , 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The expression of osteogenesis-related gene was increased, which demonstrated that released BMP-2 could effectively induce the cell sheet osteogenic differentiation in vitro. (dovepress.com)
It is a complex and dynamic process to form a continuous construct via the cells' adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition on a scaffold. (dovepress.com)
Repression of Pumilio Protein Expression by Rbfox1 Promotes Germ Cell Differentiation. (tcd.ie)
Dysfunction in a myriad of overlapping signalling pathways can promote endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and differentiation, smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, migration and vasoconstriction, pericyte proliferation, migration and differentiation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, immune cell infiltration and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling in the pulmonary artery. (ersjournals.com)
In addition to regulating each other through feedback loops, these genes also regulate downstream target genes involved in the maintenance and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)

Elongation factor for RNA polymerase II 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELL2 gene. (wikipedia.org)

14 , 15 HIF-1 and HIF-2 mediate adaptive responses to hypoxia by inducing the transcription of genes associated with erythropoiesis, glycolytic metabolism, cell survival and angiogenesis. (haematologica.org)
The precise pathophysiology of inherited single cell and multilineage cytopenias has not been elucidated despite the identification of many of the genes mutated in these disorders. (medscape.com)
Here we review the most recent advancements on C. concisus and other human hosted Campylobacter species including their clinical relevance, transmission, virulence factors, disease associated genes, interactions with the human immune system and pathogenic mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
Here we show, however, that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) inside human nucleoli operates near genes encoding rRNAs to drive their expression. (nature.com)
Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
This was accompanied by a selective and pronounced disruption of cell type-specifying transcriptional circuits, whose constituent genes featured exceptionally high rates of Pol II turnover. (nih.gov)
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: To identify the genes involved in pancreatic cancer metastasis, we analyzed the gene expression profiles between highly metastatic Colo357L3.6pl and parental Colo357FG pancreatic cancer cell lines using cDNA microarrays and confirmed differential gene expression by reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunologic analysis of 54 samples from pancreatic cancer patients. (duke.edu)
Research in the Paralkar Lab spans the spectrum from human patient sample studies and mouse models to cutting-edge molecular biology tools, high-throughput sequencing approaches, and novel computational algorithms, all with the goal of gaining insight into how the transcription of coding genes and noncoding ribosomal DNA genes is regulated in hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid progenitors, and in leukemia. (upenn.edu)
Although the mechanism is unclear, mutations in these genes lead to the deletion of large segments of mtDNA in muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
With a kinetic modeling approach we ascribe function to the observed OCT4-SOX2-NANOG network by making plausible assumptions about the interactions between the transcription factors at the gene promoter binding sites and RNA polymerase (RNAP), at each of the three genes as well as the target genes. (lu.se)

Conversely, SMMC‑7721 human HCC cells transfected with a miR‑497 inhibitor exhibited enhanced colony formation and tumor growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
Using this cell line, we have identified emetine as a specific inhibitor of HIF-2α protein stability and transcriptional activity. (aspetjournals.org)
Emetine-induced HIF-2α down-regulation was confirmed in three additional VHL-renal cancer cell lines, was insensitive to the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxaloyl glycine, and did not require neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated-8, suggesting that emetine accesses a previously undescribed cullin-independent proteasome degradation pathway for HIF-2α. (aspetjournals.org)
Compound 27 displayed improved potency in inhibiting the proliferation and colony formation of PANC-1 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and exhibited enhanced potency in reducing the levels of H3K9me2 in cells compared to noncovalent inhibitor 26. (bvsalud.org)

Within the RNAP holoenzyme, sigma factors provide promoter recognition specificity to the polymerase and contribute to DNA strand separation, then they dissociate from RNAP core enzyme and transcription initiation follows [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Besides the vegetative sigma factor, which recognizes the "standard" promoter, many bacteria possess alternative sigma factors that confer altered promoter specificity upon RNAP [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
This transcription initiation-factor structural module preorganizes template-strand ssDNA to engage the RNAP active center, thereby facilitating binding of initiating nucleotides and enabling transcription initiation from initiating mononucleotides. (osti.gov)

We present the strategy for the production of the VACV DNA polymerase holoenzyme composed of the E9 polymerase associated with its co-factor, the A20-D4 heterodimer, which led to the 3.8 Å cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the DNA-free form of the holoenzyme. (biorxiv.org)
Here we present the first structure of the vaccinia virus polymerase holoenzyme E9-A20-D4 at 3.8 Å obtained by cryo-electron microscopy. (biorxiv.org)

6 Recent animal studies involving systemic injection of labeled MM plasma cells have also demonstrated that blocking the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis leads to a 20% reduction in bone marrow tumor burden. (haematologica.org)
12 It is well established that hypoxia is an important selective force in the evolution of tumor cells, 13 and elevated expression of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF-1 and HIF-2 has been documented in several human cancers. (haematologica.org)
In addition, overexpression of miR‑497 was observed to inhibit colony formation and tumor growth in MHCC‑97H human HCC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Inactivating mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL ) tumor suppressor gene are associated with inherited VHL syndrome, which is characterized by susceptibility to a variety of neoplasms, including central nervous system hemangioblastoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). (aspetjournals.org)
Inactivation of VHL ubiquitin ligase is associated with normoxic stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and 2-α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), transcriptional regulators of tumor angiogenesis, invasion, survival, and glucose utilization. (aspetjournals.org)
Notably, many natural compounds have been found to effectively suppress NF-κB signaling, providing an experimentally validated molecular explanation for their functional outcomes in tumor cells ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Cancer stem cells are responsible for tumor chemoresistance and recurrence in adjuvant and metastatic settings. (isciii.es)
After analyzing different tumor stem cell markers (SOX2, OCT4, CD133, CD44 and CD24) in pancreatic cancer cells treated with different chemotherapeutic protocols by means of RT-qPCR, Oxaliplatin and Gemcitabine in monotherapy were the chemotherapies that selected the most cancer stem cells while the FOLFIRI protocol decreased them. (isciii.es)
The aim of this study was to determinate the effect of different chemotherapy protocols used in the clinic on tumor stem cell markers in vitro . (isciii.es)
AIR begins at the plasma membrane where tumor cell-intrinsic cytokine signaling is initiated. (bvsalud.org)

Without altering HIF-2α mRNA level, emetine rapidly and dramatically down-regulated HIF-2α protein expression in 786-O cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Quant-seq (3' mRNA-seq) in engineered and wild-type KBM7 cells after 6h treatments with DMSO, 500nM dTAG7, 250nM THAL-SNS-032 (dCDK9), or 100nM dBET6. (nih.gov)

We correctly predict that HIV-1 can develop resistance by decreasing NRTI incorporation rate, increasing its excision rate, or decreasing its affinity for the viral polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)

However, the role of C1QBP in metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells have not yet been explored. (medsci.org)
Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the urinary system, causing over 140,000 deaths worldwide each year[ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
E6 and Metabolic syndrome and risks of colon and rectal renal cell carcinoma. (who.int)

Interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4 RNA expression was examined in T lamina propria lymphocytes by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. (bmj.com)
Therefore, the present study investigated miR‑497 expression in HCC samples and HCC‑derived cell lines using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)

In this study, a gene encoding for an rpoS -like sigma factor, rpoX , has been cloned and characterized. (hindawi.com)
Mutations in the VHL gene are also found in the majority of sporadic clear cell renal carcinoma, the most common malignant neoplasm of the human kidney. (aspetjournals.org)
To enhance the osteogenic potential of stem cell sheet, we fabricated bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP-2 ) gene-engineered cell sheet using a complex of polyethylenimine-alginate (PEI-al) nanocomposites plus human BMP-2 complementary(c)DNA plasmid, and studied its osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. (dovepress.com)
PEI-al nanocomposites carrying BMP-2 gene could efficiently transfect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (dovepress.com)
Our results suggested that PEI-al nanocomposites efficiently deliver the BMP-2 gene to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and that BMP-2 gene-engineered cell sheet is an effective way for promoting bone regeneration. (dovepress.com)
Recently, stem cell- and gene-based therapy has been applied in BTE and achieved some good clinical results. (dovepress.com)
We found a significant increase, in both gene and protein expression, of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult TPH2-deficient (TPH2 −/− ) male and female rats in comparison to wild type (TPH2 +/+ ) counterparts. (frontiersin.org)
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knockout of the Neuropsychiatric Risk Gene KCTD13 Causes Developmental Deficits in Human Cortical Neurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. (nih.gov)

Involved in negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled and positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation. (nih.gov)

Predicted to enable RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity. (jax.org)
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a major transcription factor that is essential for the development of inflammation and cancer ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Accelerated hematopoietic cell apoptosis has been demonstrated in virtually all IBMFS. (medscape.com)
C1QBP knockdown and overexpression cells were established via lentiviral infection and subjected to apoptosis and ROS assay in vitro . (medsci.org)
C1QBP promotes the catabolism of hypoxanthine and elevates the apoptosis of RCC cells by modulating XDH-mediated ROS generation. (medsci.org)
It is reportedly involved in many physiological functions of cells, including apoptosis, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The amino-terminal peptide of Bax perturbs intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis to enhance apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. (osu.edu)

However, new forms of diagnosis are being used to evaluate the onset and progression of periodontitis, such as the identification of concentrations of inflammatory mediators, such as the interleukins, as well as the analysis of specific mediators of bone metabolism, following the example of the activating receptor of nuclear factor Kappa B (RANK), its ligand RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) 8-11 . (bvsalud.org)

CXCL12 is a constitutively expressed chemokine which binds primarily to the CXCR4 receptor and regulates cell growth, chemotaxis, myelopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and development of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. (haematologica.org)
The protein expression of one of the predicted common targets of miR‑497, insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R), was assessed using western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry. (spandidos-publications.com)
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and contains two extracellular α subunits (including the ligand-binding site) and two β subunits (with intracellular tyrosine kinase activity) ( 22 , 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Olaparib is also approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA) and in other countries for treating women with BRCA-mutated, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer. (cancersa.org.au)
Lurbinectedin is under clinical development by Jazz Pharmaceuticals and currently in Phase II for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Negative Breast Cancer (HER2- Breast Cancer). (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
According to GlobalData, Phase II drugs for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Negative Breast Cancer (HER2- Breast Cancer) have a 49% phase transition success rate (PTSR) indication benchmark for progressing into Phase III. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
The on-and-off switch is operated by transforming growth factor (TGF) β3 levels, which are undetectable in plasma and high in serum, and by TGFβ receptor (TβR) type II levels, which are low in epidermal cells and high in dermal cells. (rupress.org)

Traditionally, the nucleolar Pol I and nucleoplasmic Pol III are viewed as the sole mammalian RNA polymerases that directly mediate housekeeping ribosome biogenesis. (nature.com)
HectD1 controls hematopoietic stem cell regeneration by coordinating ribosome assembly and protein synthesis. (nih.gov)
rRNA transcription rates vary dramatically between different normal cell types in the hematopoietic tree, and leukemic cells have characteristic prominent nucleoli, indicating robust ribosome synthesis. (upenn.edu)
The rate of ribosome production has far-reaching influence on the fate of the cell, and dictates its size, proliferation, and ability to translate global or specific mRNAs. (upenn.edu)
The Paralkar Lab has identified that key hematopoietic and leukemic transcription factors bind to rDNA and regulate rRNA transcription, and we are interested in understanding how the binding of cell-type-specific transcription factors regulates the activity of Polymerase I and the transcription of rRNA in normal hematopoiesis, and how this regulation is co-opted in leukemia to drive abundant ribosome biogenesis. (upenn.edu)

For zidovudine triphosphate (AZT-TP), we predict that this selective advantage, as well as the minimal concentration required to select thymidine-associated mutations (TAMs) are highly cell-dependent. (plos.org)

Design and Methods The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor protein was examined in patients' bone marrow biopsy specimens using immunohistochemistry. (haematologica.org)
Results Strong hypoxia-inducible factor-2 protein expression was detected in CD138 + multiple myeloma plasma cells in patients' biopsy specimens. (haematologica.org)
Prolonged exposure to hypoxia strongly up-regulated CXCL12 expression in multiple myeloma plasma cells and hypoxia-inducible factor-2 was found to play a key role in this response. (haematologica.org)
Promoter analyses revealed increased hypoxia-inducible factor-2 binding to the CXCL12 promoter under hypoxic conditions. (haematologica.org)
Over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor in multiple myeloma plasma cells strongly induced in vivo angiogenesis, and administration of a CXCL12 antagonist decreased hypoxia-inducible factor-induced angiogenesis. (haematologica.org)
Conclusions Hypoxia-inducible factor-2 is a newly identified regulator of CXCL12 expression in multiple myeloma plasma cells and a major contributor to multiple myeloma plasma cell-induced angiogenesis. (haematologica.org)
Targeting the hypoxic niche, and more specifically hypoxia-inducible factor-2, may represent a viable strategy to inhibit angiogenesis in multiple myeloma and progression of this disease. (haematologica.org)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. (haematologica.org)
Clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common subtype among the malignant RCCs, accounting for 70-80%, followed by papillary (15%), chromophobe (4-5%), and other fewer subtypes[ 2 ]. (medsci.org)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
The Paralkar Lab has developed customized genomes and computational pipelines to map datasets to rDNA, and we are interested in developing advanced tools to map and interpret the genetic and epigenetic profiles of rDNA in normal and malignant cells. (upenn.edu)

We present the first mechanistic mathematical model of polymerase inhibition by NA s that takes into account the reversibility of polymerase inhibition. (plos.org)
Despite this pivotal position, mechanistic understanding of Mediator in human cells remains incomplete. (nih.gov)

Our model correctly predicts for HIV-1 that resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be conferred by decreasing their incorporation rate, increasing their excision rate, or decreasing their affinity for the polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
786-O is a VHL -deficient CCRCC cell line that constitutively expresses only HIF-2α and is therefore suitable for the screening of novel HIF-2α inhibitors. (aspetjournals.org)

Existing models suggest that RNA polymerases I and III (Pol I and Pol III) are the only enzymes that directly mediate the expression of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) components of ribosomes. (nature.com)
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that overexpression of TrkB and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AP-1, which may in turn induce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8, may mediate the cardinal clinical features of locally aggressive growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. (duke.edu)

MUKHERJEE,A,B. "Cells in vivo and in vitro from osteopetrotic mice homozygous for c-src disruption show suppression of synthesis of osteopontin, a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein. (osu.edu)

The hypoxic regulation of CXCL12 was examined in multiple myeloma plasma cell lines using polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. (haematologica.org)
Overexpression of Bax induces down-regulation of store-operated calcium entry in prostate cancer cells. (osu.edu)

Scholars@Duke publication: Overexpression of tropomysin-related kinase B in metastatic human pancreatic cancer cells. (duke.edu)

Mol Biol Cell. (tcd.ie)
J Cell Biol (2006) 172 (7): 1093-1105. (rupress.org)

Several studies have clearly demonstrated that distinct cytokine activated signalling and transcription factors regulate the commitment of a naïve T cell along the Th1 or T helper cell type 2 (Th2) phenotype, as well as maintenance of the polarised phenotype. (bmj.com)

DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
CDK1, also named as CDC2, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family and CDC2/CDKX subfamily.CDC2 plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
CDC2 is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF) , which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)

The role of miR‑497 in regulating the proliferation of HCC‑derived cells was also investigated in vitro and in vivo. (spandidos-publications.com)
This leads to diversified phosphorylation states of CTD in vitro and in cells. (rcsb.org)

Because CLL cells divide very slowly, looking at the chromosomes is often less useful than using tests to find specific genetic mutations or changes. (cancer.net)
Several of the critical factors involved in these decisions are mutated in acute and chronic leukemias, and their mutations tip the equilibrium in the bone marrow towards accumulation of aberrant progenitor populations. (upenn.edu)

Durvalumab is a type of anticancer drug called immunotherapy that targets cancer cells by blocking the signal that prevents the immune system from seeing the cancer cell. (cancersa.org.au)
It is a synthetic alkaloid which targets RNA polymerase II. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)

They include specific cell-signaling factors and inducible promoters. (alternativemedicine.com)

Zepzelca is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)

The procedure takes palace using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or restriction enzymes. (alternativemedicine.com)
Polymerase chain reaction allows medical experts to copy or modify a specific DNA sequence in prearranged means. (alternativemedicine.com)
The procedure does not need gel electrophoresis or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (alternativemedicine.com)
It involves various techniques like molecular cloning, polymerase chain reaction, mutagenesis, and gel electrophoresis procedures. (alternativemedicine.com)
Transcript levels for collagen I, collagen III, and transforming growth factor-beta were assessed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (cdc.gov)
The threshold values of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in asymptomatic patients were similar to those in symptomatic patients. (cdc.gov)
The DNA to investigate the polymorphisms of osteoprotegerin, obtained through the technique of polymerase chain reaction, was obtained from the blood serum of the participants. (bvsalud.org)

Surprisingly, target cells with low dNTP/NTP levels may not confer hyper-susceptibility to inhibition, whereas cells with high dNTP/NTP contents are likely to confer natural resistance. (plos.org)
von Kleist M, Metzner P, Marquet R, Schütte C (2012) HIV-1 Polymerase Inhibition by Nucleoside Analogs: Cellular- and Kinetic Parameters of Efficacy, Susceptibility and Resistance Selection. (plos.org)

The structures reveal that-for both the primary σ-factor and extracytoplasmic (ECF) σ-factors, and for both 5'-triphosphate RNA and 5'-hydroxy RNA-the "σ-finger" is displaced in stepwise fashion, progressively folding back upon itself, driven by collision with the RNA 5'-end, upon extension of nascent RNA from ~5 nt to ~10 nt. (osti.gov)

Many important questions remain however regarding factors which induce and maintain Th1 cell polarisation in CD. (bmj.com)

Background Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy of bone marrow plasma cells. (haematologica.org)
6 , 7 CXCL12 is an important mediator of several aspects of MM biology including transendothelial migration, 8 , 9 MM plasma cell migration and retention within the bone marrow, 10 , 11 angiogenesis, 7 and osteoclastic bone resorption. (haematologica.org)
The etiology of bone marrow failure (BMF) includes defective stem/progenitor cells and/or stroma/accessory cells/growth factors, as well as deficient nonspecific nutrients or, as in the case of acquired aplastic anemia, immune-mediated abnormalities. (medscape.com)
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are usually the result of intrinsic stem cell/progenitor defects. (medscape.com)
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are multipotent stem cells and are considered good candidates for cell restoration in injured brain tissue. (sld.cu)
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are adult stem cells with characteristics that make them an attractive candidate in cellular therapy for neurological diseases (1). (sld.cu)
Normal hematopoiesis requires an intricate balance in the bone marrow between the ability of stem cells to maintain themselves for decades of life while producing billions of mature blood cells every day. (upenn.edu)

The microenvironment, consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial elements, and stroma in which hematopoietic cells reside, creates a regulatory niche that determines the local area network. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, interleukin 8 and vascular endothelial growth factor were more strongly expressed in Colo357L3.6pl than Colo357FG cells, and these findings were confirmed in Colo357L3.6pl and Colo357FG orthotopic tumors. (duke.edu)

Molecular biology plays a vital role in helping understand formations, regulations, and actions of various cell sections. (alternativemedicine.com)

Hematopoietic cells are almost totally absent. (medscape.com)

To further test the osteogenic potential of the cell sheet in vivo, enhanced green fluorescent protein or BMP-2-producing cell sheets were treated on the cranial bone defects. (dovepress.com)

Our findings revise theories of labour division between the major RNA polymerases, and identify nucleolar Pol II as a major factor in protein synthesis and nuclear organization, with potential implications for health and disease. (nature.com)
The animal had multiple oral tumors characterized by proliferation of latent nuclear antigen 1-positive spindle cells and was not co-infected with immunosuppressive simian viruses, suggesting that it had Kaposi sarcoma caused by this novel rhadinovirus. (cdc.gov)
In addition, nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression was examined by western blotting, and MMP‑2/‑9 activities were determined by gelatin zymography. (spandidos-publications.com)

2008). Abolition of stress-induced protein synthesis sensitizes leukemia cells to anthracycline-induced death. (uib.no)

Collectively, our work positions human Mediator as a globally acting coactivator that selectively safeguards the functionality of cell type-specifying transcriptional networks. (nih.gov)
Given that rRNA accounts for the bulk of the transcriptional output of the cell, the inability to map datasets to rDNA has historically been a major limitation, and has created a significant knowledge gap in our understanding of the most abundant RNA in the cell. (upenn.edu)
Recent ChIP experiments of human and mouse embryonic stem cells have elucidated the architecture of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry responsible for cell determination, which involves the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. (lu.se)

Traditional BTE involves three-dimensional biodegradable scaffolds, stem cells, and osteoinductive growth factors. (dovepress.com)
The objective of this article was to evaluate how these chemotherapeutic regimens affect the proportion of cancer stem cells and the expression of stemness markers. (isciii.es)
Recurrence and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer are largely related to cancer stem cells. (isciii.es)

Evidence shows that chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is involved in cancer cell pathogenesis and progression. (bvsalud.org)

3 - 5 CXCL12 is highly expressed by MM plasma cells, 6 and circulating levels of CXCL12 are higher in the peripheral blood of MM patients than in age-matched normal donors and MGUS patients. (haematologica.org)
Durvalumab is approved by the FDA and the EMA for the treatment of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer after receiving chemoradiation therapy and extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in combination with chemotherapy. (cancersa.org.au)
Underlying health conditions or risk factors included substance abuse (nine patients), current smoking (five), alcoholism (three), and diabetes (one). (cdc.gov)
In patients with clinical findings typical of Lyme disease, a complete blood cell count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and liver function tests generally are unnecessary. (medscape.com)
Most patients have fever, dyspnea, and a dry, nonproductive cough that evolves over several weeks (HIV infection) or over several days (other causes of compromised cell-mediated immunity). (msdmanuals.com)

They partially and/or temporarily replace the vegetative sigma factor and are thus crucial for many stress responses [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Recently, genome sequences revealed that in addition to rpoS , an rpoS -like sigma factor was found in V. alginolyticus 12G01. (hindawi.com)

Your immune system can then attack and kill the cancer cells. (cancersa.org.au)
In the current study, the anti‑invasive activities and associated signaling pathways of celastrol were determined in ovarian cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
With regard to cancer treatment, celastrol has been shown to exert considerable cell-killing effects and to shrink xenografted tumors in tissue and animal models of various malignancies including cancers of the prostate ( 16 - 18 ), breast ( 19 ), liver ( 20 , 21 ) and lung ( 22 , 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Finally, we demonstrate that cancer cells in which TDP1 is inherently deficient are hypersensitive to alkylation damage and that TDP1 depletion sensitizes glioblastoma-resistant cancer cells to the alkylating agent temozolomide. (whiterose.ac.uk)
We pooled data from 11 case-control studies from nine countries involving 1918 women with histologically confirmed squamous-cell cervical cancer and 1928 control women. (nih.gov)
Adaptive immune resistance (AIR) is a protective process used by cancer to escape elimination by CD8+ T cells. (bvsalud.org)
Cancer Lett, 300:215-224.doi:10.1016/j. squamous cell carcinoma in north-eastern Iran. (who.int)
Cancer Prev Res (Phila), factor 1. (who.int)
99:209 -215.doi:10.1007/s11060 - 010 - 0129 -5 cell carcinoma-a population-based study in with and without cervical cancer in Tbilisi, Georgia. (who.int)

PMID:21684805 oncoprotein in HPV 16-positive cells. (who.int)

Tras analizar mediante RT-qPCR diferentes marcadores de células madre tumorales (SOX2, OCT4, CD133, CD44 y CD24) en células de cáncer de páncreas tratadas con diferentes protocolos quimioterapéuticos, el Oxaliplatino y la Gemcitabina en monoterapia fueron los quimioterápicos que seleccionaron en mayor medida las células madre cancerosas mientras que el protocolo FOLFIRI las disminuyó. (isciii.es)

Here, we report that depletion of Tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) sensitizes human cells to alkylation damage and the additional depletion of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease I (APE1) confers hypersensitivity above that observed for TDP1 or APE1 depletion alone. (whiterose.ac.uk)
In this study, we report that human serum selectively promotes epidermal cell migration and halts dermal cell migration. (rupress.org)
In contrast, human plasma promotes dermal but not epidermal cell migration. (rupress.org)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)

Neurotrophic factors promote neuronal survival and stimulate axonal growth (6). (sld.cu)

In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
However, this transcription initiation-factor structural module occupies the path of nascent RNA and thus presumably must be displaced before or during initial transcription. (osti.gov)
In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)

Cell migration is a rate-limiting event in skin wound healing. (rupress.org)

Anatomy9

Organisms18

Chemicals and Drugs121

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care4

Processivity factor2

Carboxyl-terminal domain1

PARP5

Proteins9

Assays6

Differentiation8

Elongation factor1

Genes10

Inhibitor4

RNAP4

Holoenzyme2

Tumor10

MRNA2

Viral1

Renal cell carc3

Quantitative2

Gene8

Poly1

Transcription factor2

Apoptosis5

Metabolism1

Receptor7

Ribosome5

Selective1

Hypoxia-induci7

Malignant4

Mechanistic2

Inhibitors2

Mediate2

Extracellular matrix1

Regulation2

Pancreatic cancer cells1

Biol2

Phenotype1

Eukaryotic3

Vitro2

Mutations2

Targets2

Promoters1

Metastatic1

Chain7

Inhibition2

Extracytoplasmic1

Induce1

Bone marrow7

Endothelial2

Biology1

Hematopoietic1

Vivo1

Nuclear3

Protein synthesis1

Transcriptional3

Stem cells3

Progression1

Patients5

Sigma factor2

Cancer9

Pmid1

OCT41

Human4

Survival1

Initiation3

Migration1