• Many different cell types possess microtubule patterns which appear to be polarized and oriented, in part, by cytoplasmic factors not directly associated with a centrosome. (rupress.org)
  • On the other hand, slowly exchanging sodium is restricted to the cytoplasm, sorbed to or sequestered in some as yet unidentified cytoplasmic constituent. (biologists.com)
  • The cytoplasmic melanin content in melanoma cells can vary considerably. (aao.org)
  • The relative dispersion of cellular residence times is introduced as a model-independent measure of cytoplasmic equilibration kinetics, which indicates whether diffusion through the cytoplasm is rate limiting. (nih.gov)
  • In every these features could supply the cell using the means for a far more powerful and reversible segregation of cytoplasmic parts. (ampkpathway.com)
  • Processing physiques (P-bodies) and tension granules are two of the best-characterized cytoplasmic RNP granules in eukaryotic cells. (ampkpathway.com)
  • cytoplasm and a characteristic serrated cytoplasmic border. (bvsalud.org)
  • With cell growth, the amount of cytoplasm mainly increases in the first stages, then differentiation and growth of cell organelles takes place, the cells become specialized and acquire the necessary shape, size in accordance with the functions performed. (bystudin.com)
  • Oocytes of Rana pipiens were incubated in 22 Na-Ringer's solution and 22 Na ‐ 23 Na exchange in the nucleus and cytoplasm followed by low-temperature microdissection. (biologists.com)
  • Our findings are consistent with a model of compartmentalization in which rapidly exchanging sodium is nearly uniformly distributed in the water of the nucleus and cytoplasm and its exchange limited by movement through the cell surface. (biologists.com)
  • In an earlier paper, we described a low-temperature microdissection technique and its application to the determination of sodium, potassium, and water in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the mature amphibian oocyte ( Century, Fenichel & Horowitz, 1970 ). (biologists.com)
  • the nucleus and cytoplasm sharing only a smaller, rapidly exchanging sodium fraction. (biologists.com)
  • In this study, we used the low-temperature microdissection technique to investigate the 22 Na exchange in the nucleus and cytoplasm of Rana pipiens oocytes incubated in 22 Na-Ringer's solution. (biologists.com)
  • This study aims to reveal the mechanisms of miRNA-RNA interactions in nucleus and cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, the miRNAs and their target mRNAs in the Argonaute2 (Ago2) complex of nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of RNAs isolated by crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The target mRNAs in the Argonaute2 (Ago2) complex of nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells were analyzed through Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results revealed that there were 243 miRNAs and 265 miRNAs in the Ago2 complexes of nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The target genes of miRNAs in the Ago2 complexes of nucleus and cytoplasm played important roles in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, innate immune response and tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • microRNA-mRNA interactions occur in nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Occasionally may be irregularly distorted by pressure from vacuoles in cytoplasm. (cdc.gov)
  • A specialized structure found inside cells that carries out a specific life process (e.g. ribosomes, vacuoles). (coursehero.com)
  • Other than the fact that vacuoles are somewhat larger than vesicles, there is a very subtle distinction between them: the membranes of vesicles can fuse with either the plasma membrane or other membrane systems within the cell. (coursehero.com)
  • By then it was known that Listeria infects cells such as macrophages-motile human immune cells that engulf pathogens and cellular debris-by being taken up into vacuoles and breaking out of those vacuoles into the cytoplasm. (the-scientist.com)
  • A eukaryotic cell has a true membrane-bound nucleus and has other membranous organelles that allow for compartmentalization of functions. (coursehero.com)
  • Like a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. (coursehero.com)
  • All of these organelles are found in each and every eukaryotic cell. (coursehero.com)
  • The cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell is subdivided into specific functional domains by the current presence of a number of membrane-bound organelles. (ampkpathway.com)
  • An exchange of genetic material that occurred when ancient giant viruses infected ancient eukaryotic cells could have caused the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell -- its defining feature -- to form. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The most widely accepted theories that have emerged state that the eukaryotic cell is the evolutionary product of the intracellular evolution of proto-eukaryotic cells, which were the first complex cells, and symbiotic relationships between proto-eukaryotic cells and other unicellular and simpler organisms such as bacteria and archaea. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In a way, Prof Takemura's hypothesis has its roots in 2001 when, along with PJ Bell, he made the revolutionary proposal that large DNA viruses, like the poxvirus, had something to do with the rise of the eukaryotic cell nucleus. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Prof Takemura further explains the reasons for his inquiry into the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell as such: "Although the structure, function, and various biological functions of the cell nucleus have been intensively investigated, the evolutionary origin of the cell nucleus, a milestone of eukaryotic evolution, remains unclear. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The eukaryotic cell is neatly compartmentalized into membrane-bound organelles that perform various functions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The 2001 hypothesis by Prof Takemura and PJ Bell is based on striking similarities between the eukaryotic cell nucleus and poxviruses: in particular, the property of keeping the genome separate in a compartment. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Figure 12-16 Spindle-cell choroidal nevus (between arrows) is composed of slender spindle-shaped cells with thin, homogeneously staining nuclei. (aao.org)
  • Histologically, a melanocytoma is composed of large polyhedral cells with small round to oval nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. (aao.org)
  • Spindle-A melanoma cells have slender, elongated nuclei with small nucleoli. (aao.org)
  • In spindle-B melanoma cells, coarse, granular chromatin and plump, large nuclei are seen. (aao.org)
  • Epithelioid melanoma cells resemble epithelium because of their abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and enlarged round to oval nuclei. (aao.org)
  • Histologically, ALCL is characterized by sheets of large pleomorphic cells with abundant cytoplasm, horseshoe- or wreath-shaped nuclei, and multiple prominent nucleoli. (medscape.com)
  • Having complex cells in which the genetic material is organized into membrane-bound nuclei. (coursehero.com)
  • Numerous eosinophils and large histiocytic cells with pale nuclei and frequent mitoses, in some instances showing a pseudolymphomatous aspect, are characteristic 8 . (bvsalud.org)
  • This 96-well plate has images of cytoplasm to nucleus translocation of the Forkhead (FKHR-EGFP) fusion protein in stably transfected human osteosarcoma cells, U2OS. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The high expressed CBY1 in non-BCSC interacts with 14-3-3 and β-catenin to form a ternary complex, which leads a translocation of the ternary complex into cytoplasm from nucleus and degradation of β-catenin in phosphorylation-dependent pattern. (nature.com)
  • Activation of Nrf2 by Cd involved stabilization of the Nrf2 protein, increased formation of Nrf2/Keap1 complex in the cytoplasm, translocation of the complex into the nucleus, and subsequently disruption of the complex. (cdc.gov)
  • Mitochondria generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-the cell's main source of energy-via aerobic respiration, and as a result, they are known as the "power plants" of the cell. (visiblebody.com)
  • A vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, which means the cell's DNA is surrounded by a membrane. (coursehero.com)
  • These organelles are often called the "energy factories" of a cell because they are responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy-carrying molecule, by conducting cellular respiration. (coursehero.com)
  • As a trade-off, they have had to come up with ways to bypass a cell's internal immune system, navigate the complicated, busy environment of the cell cytoplasm, and ultimately escape that environment to infect other cells-becoming tiny maestros of manipulation in the process. (the-scientist.com)
  • They must enter a "host" cell and use that cell's machinery to replicate its genetic material, and therefore multiply. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The nucleolus is a sub-organelle of the cell nucleus though itself is a nucleus. (protopage.com)
  • Located in cytoplasm and nucleolus. (jax.org)
  • These cells exhibited pleomorphism, voluminous cytoplasm and nucleus with prominent nucleolus and were identified by immunohistochemical method as CD68+ cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) is an autophagy-related pathway in yeast. (wikipedia.org)
  • The abbreviation Cvt comes from the emphasis Cytoplasm vacuole targeting, not from Cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is one vacuole in a plant cell. (protopage.com)
  • As you can see, the vacuole takes up a lot of room in each plant cell. (protopage.com)
  • Plant cells have a cell wall, a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and other specialized plastids, whereas animal cells do not. (coursehero.com)
  • CircHERC1 was significantly upregulated in lung cancer tissues and cells, ectopic expression of circHERC1 strikingly facilitated the proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and inhibited the apoptosis of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The accumulation of FOXO1 in the cytosol and nuclear exclusion promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, circHERC1 can promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis by sequestering FOXO1 in the cytoplasm to regulate AKT activity and BIM transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and negative regulation of cell population proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • The proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells are regulated by a number of extracellular signals ( Wang & Rudnicki, 2012 Wang YX, Rudnicki MA. (scielo.br)
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was conducted by using the avidin-biotin complex technique for detecting the antibodies to hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) alpha, cytokeratin 20 (CK20), and cell proliferation factor Ki67. (hindawi.com)
  • plump polyhedral nevus cells: Abundant cytoplasm is filled with pigment and has a small round to oval nucleus with bland appearance. (aao.org)
  • balloon cells: Abundant, foamy cytoplasm lacks pigment and has a bland nucleus. (aao.org)
  • Note the balloon cells (arrowheads) with abundant foamy cytoplasm. (aao.org)
  • and abundant, deeply basophilic cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
  • Plasmodium parasites are always intracellular, and they demonstrate, if stained correctly, blue cytoplasm with a red chromatin dot. (cdc.gov)
  • Cell Metabolism 2013;17(2):210-24. (scielo.br)
  • lymphocytes have very little cytoplasm. (histology-world.com)
  • Histopathologic analysis revealed an ulcerated lesion with a dense mixed infiltrate of eosinophils, variably sized lymphocytes and epithelioid cells extending into submucosa. (bvsalud.org)
  • Others components of the infiltrated include lymphocytes, plasma cells, granulocytes and mast cells and occasionally it is misdiagnosed as lymphoma on microscopic examination 4,7,12 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of the cell. (protopage.com)
  • Further, unlike other viruses, it does not construct its own enclosed "viral factory" in the cytoplasm of the cell within which to replicate its DNA and contains none of the genes required to carry out the replication process. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells and have a "true" nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and rod-shaped chromosomes. (coursehero.com)
  • Prokaryotic cells do not contain such compartmentalization. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of an organism and is often called the "building block of life. (visiblebody.com)
  • Intensive investigations have identified a collection of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their functional machineries in cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Artificial reproduction of Descemet membrane with respect to topography and similar stiffness offers a potential innovative way to bioengineer a functional CEC monolayer from autologous stem cells. (lww.com)
  • This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications. (abcam.com)
  • We propose that cell signalling initiated by extracellular GAS compromises the epithelial barrier by inducing premature keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis, thereby facilitating GAS invasion of deeper tissues. (lu.se)
  • however, a tumor consisting entirely of spindle-A cells is considered a nevus. (aao.org)
  • ALCL was recognized in 1985, when tumor cells consistently demonstrated labeling by the monoclonal antibody Ki-1, a marker later shown to recognize the CD30 antigen. (medscape.com)
  • 1. Equipped with HlyE, EcNe significantly caused tumor regression in mice xenografted with human colorectal cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Nevertheless, they have intrinsic limitations that most of the produced payloads are restricted to proliferating cells or/and afflicted with tumor penetration. (nature.com)
  • Seminoma is the most common pure germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis, accounting for up to 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, 60% of germ cell neoplasms have seminoma in their composition, but pure seminomas are genetically different from those that present as a component of a mixed tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Less frequently, a tubular morphology can be seen (see the images below), posing a differential diagnosis with Sertoli cell tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is a well-known biomarker for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the patients with metastatic CRC [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Tumor initiation, development, and relapse may be closely associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). (nature.com)
  • however, restoration of CBY1 expression in tumor cells reduces BCSC and its enrichment, thus lnc408 plays an essential role in maintenance of BCSC stemness. (nature.com)
  • The chromosomes are located inside the cell. (protopage.com)
  • The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). (enchantedlearning.com)
  • Cell with chromosomes in pairs. (marxist.com)
  • Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
  • This 'fast' or freely exchangeable fraction, which distributes throughout the cell, is thought to be sodium in solution whose cellular level is maintained by a pump. (biologists.com)
  • Microtubules serve as structural components within cells and are involved in many cellular processes including mitosis, cytokinesis, and vescular transport. (protopage.com)
  • It surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, and physically separates the inner cellular components from the outter cellular enviroment. (protopage.com)
  • Since patients with GPA have augmented neutrophil PR3 expression, and PR3-expressing apoptotic cells frustrate macrophage phagocytosis and cellular clearance, we investigated the role of PR3 in stimulating giant cell and granuloma formation. (bmj.com)
  • Methods We stimulated purified monocytes and whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with GPA, patients with MPA or healthy controls with PR3 or MPO and visualised MGC and granuloma-like structure formation using light, confocal and electron microscopy, as well as measuring the cell cytokine production. (bmj.com)
  • Scientists studying pathogens such as Chlamydia , Legionella , and Listeria get a master class in how to control the internal workings of mammalian cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • Cytoplasm is a semi-transparent fluid that fills most cells. (protopage.com)
  • The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • These microbes all enjoy at least part of their lives shielded from the onslaught of white blood cells, antibodies, and other immune defenses that the body launches against pathogens that live outside of host cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • Objectives Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are autoimmune vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies that target proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO) found within neutrophils and monocytes. (bmj.com)
  • Although the structure of the granulomas and multinucleated giant cells in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is known, little is established about what drove granuloma formation and why it is infrequently found in patients with myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies. (bmj.com)
  • Our lab specializes in modifying the chemistry of the particle surfaces to control the type of structures that they interact with inside of cells. (rochester.edu)
  • A s a grad student in cell biology, Shaeri Mukherjee was always on the lookout for new ways to fiddle with cells' internal structures. (the-scientist.com)
  • PBMCs stimulated by PR3 formed granuloma-like structures with central MGC surrounded by T cells. (bmj.com)
  • There is only 1 in each cell and it transports protein around. (protopage.com)
  • cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • They are present in all cells in the body and consist of DNA and a supporting structure of protein. (marxist.com)
  • If you require a native form of the protein please use the live cell version - found here . (abcam.com)
  • Roy's team had found that "this protein called AnkX, when microinjected into cells-even at picomole levels-could cause the entire Golgi to fragment in, like, five minutes," Mukherjee says. (the-scientist.com)
  • Ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is a protein essential for the maintenance of DNA methylation in somatic cells. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • They digest foreign bacteria that invade the cell, rid the cell of toxic substances, and recycle worn-out cell components. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Bacteria: occasionally red blood cells. (cdc.gov)
  • For Mukherjee, the paper was a revelation: not only did it identify the fastest way yet to target Golgi biology, it suggested that scientists could use intracellular bacteria "as a lens to understand basic processes inside the cell. (the-scientist.com)
  • So-called facultative intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Legionella pneumophila do not need to be inside a host cell to reproduce. (the-scientist.com)
  • Results In vitro, PR3 promoted monocyte-derived MGC formation using cells from patients with GPA but not from patients with MPA, and this was dependent on soluble interleukin 6 (IL-6), as well as monocyte MAC-1 and protease-activated receptor-2, found to be overexpressed in the cells of patients with GPA. (bmj.com)
  • Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2012;13(2):127-33. (scielo.br)
  • In the recent decades, with exponential advancement in the fields of genomics, molecular biology, and virology, several scientists on this quest have taken to looking into the evolutionary twists and turns that have resulted in eukaryotic cells, the type of cell that makes up most life forms today. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The nucleus stores information in the form of DNA and controls the activities of the cell by selectively transcribing RNA, which exits via the nuclear pores. (visiblebody.com)
  • It extends from the outer nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm. (visiblebody.com)
  • The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope, which protects the DNA and separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The nuclear envelope is punctuated with pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. (coursehero.com)
  • A focus is the role of nuclear localization of WASp family members and actin in immune cells ( Kuznetov et al, Genome Med 2017 ). (ki.se)
  • All the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus. (marxist.com)
  • Typically, the nucleus is the most prominent organelle in a cell. (coursehero.com)
  • This ulcerated nodule of localized primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma is relatively nonspecific in appearance. (medscape.com)
  • When skeletal muscle is injured due to physical or chemical insult, a pool of self-renewing muscle stem cells residing within the skeletal muscles, called satellite cells, can give rise to differentiated myofibers to repair injured muscle ( Charge & Rudinicki, 2004 Chargé SBP, Rudnicki MA. (scielo.br)
  • Günther S, Kim J, Kostin S, Lepper C, Fan CM, Braun T. Myf5-positive satellite cells contribute to Pax7-dependent long-term maintenance of adult muscle stem cells. (scielo.br)
  • Because human mesenchymal stem cells are known to be sensitive to their mechanical environments, we investigated the mechanotransductive potential of Descemet membrane-like microtopography (DLT) to differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells into CEC-like cells. (lww.com)
  • Master molds with inverted DLT were produced by 2-photon lithography (2-PL). To measure the mechanotransductive potential of DLT, mesenchymal stem cells were cultivated on silicone or collagen imprints with DLT. (lww.com)
  • A cell has three main parts: the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. (visiblebody.com)
  • This arrangement creates a selectively permeable barrier, enabling the plasma membrane to surround and protect the cytoplasm while allowing the passage of certain materials in and out of the cell. (visiblebody.com)
  • and plasma membrane bounded cell projection. (wormbase.org)
  • Located in neuronal cell body and plasma membrane bounded cell projection. (wormbase.org)
  • They are usually found in all eukaryotic cells. (protopage.com)
  • More importantly, we found that circHERC1 could bind FOXO1 and sequester it in the cytoplasm, adjusting the feedback AKT pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A chain of genes found in cells. (marxist.com)
  • By analysis of the actin sensor MKL1/MRTFA, we found that its overactivity leads to changed expression of integrins and decreased cell-to-cell contact. (ki.se)
  • The proliferative cell marker Ki67 is induced under hypoxia conditions in which Ki67 has been found to be highly expressed [ 17 , 29 , 30 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Granulomas are exclusively found in GPA and form around multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), at sites of microabscesses, containing apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils. (bmj.com)
  • Lastly, Nrf2 was found ubiquitinated in the cytoplasm but deubiquitinated in the nucleus. (cdc.gov)
  • Cytokeratin (CK) is a marker for epithelial cells [ 25 , 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The intestinal epithelial cells play an important critical role in the immune response within the intestinal tissue and they are involved in the responses to hypoxic situation [ 27 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, most animals have a mouth and a gut, the lining of which is continuous with the epithelial cells on the surface of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Loss of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) bears disastrous consequences for the patient, including corneal clouding and blindness. (lww.com)
  • 1 If the number of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) falls below a certain threshold because of traumatic injury, disease, or normal aging processes, functionality of the CE is decreased, and the cornea swells and becomes milky, leading to eventual vision loss. (lww.com)
  • Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are not only important intermediary cells for substance exchange between blood and hepatocytes, but also important hepatic non-parenchymal cells to cause liver fibrosis and cirrhosis because of chronic liver injury factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were implemented to observe the impacts of circHERC1 on the growth, invasion, and metastasis of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To determine their possible roles in tissues and satellite cells in vitro, their expression pattern was examined in tissues from 40-day-old chickens and in satellite cells from the breast muscles of 1-week-old and 2-week-old chickens using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses. (scielo.br)
  • We use RT-PCR reverse transcription system and the expand high fidelity PCR system to detect spliced XBP1 mRNA, and fraction cells to determine the location of the unconventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA. (mdpi.com)
  • Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, GCTs, including seminomas, can occur in extragonadal sites along the midline of the body, following the embryologic migration route of its precursor cells -- the primordial germ cells. (medscape.com)
  • In this assay, export is inhibited by blocking PI3 kinase / PKB signaling by incubating cells for 1 h with Wortmannin or with the compound LY294002. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Is an ortholog of human MAK (male germ cell associated kinase). (wormbase.org)
  • This organelle helps process molecules created by the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • also transports these molecules to their specific destinations either inside or outside the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Further mechanistic research indicated that circHERC1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-142-3p to relieve the repressive effect of miR-142-3p on its target HMGB1, activating the MAPK/ERK and NF-κB pathways and promoting cell migration and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bober E, Franz T, Arnold HH, Gruss P, Tremblay P. Pax-3 is required for the development of limb muscles:a possible role for the migration of dermomyotomal muscle progenitor cells. (scielo.br)
  • There can be several hundred chloroplasts in one cell. (protopage.com)
  • Part of the chloroplasts in plant cells, located within the inner membrane of chloroplasts, between the grana. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • Genetic changes have also been studied in the past few decades, with documentation of aneuploid DNA content in seminomas and intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the unclassified type (IGCNU), the precursor lesion. (medscape.com)
  • Independent phylogenetic analyses suggested that genes had been transferred between these viruses and eukaryotic cells as they interacted at various points down the evolutionary road, in a process called "lateral gene transfer. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
  • Induction of the genes required antioxidant response elements (ARE) as Cd drove ARE-dependent reporter expression and Cd-activated Nrf2 bound to endogenous AREs in mouse hepa1c1c7 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Knockout cell lysate achieved by CRISPR/Cas9. (abcam.com)
  • Access thousands of knockout cell lysates, generated from commonly used cancer cell lines. (abcam.com)
  • See here for more information on knockout cell lysates. (abcam.com)
  • On the other hand, Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2(-/-)) MEF cells exhibited an elevated level of ROS under a basal condition, and Cd dramatically increased the ROS production at concentrations as low as 2 mu M, resulting in increased sensitivity to Cd-induced cell death. (cdc.gov)