• Cell cycle progression is regulated by multiple pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • The molecular components of key Ca2+ signalling pathways have been identified. (hstalks.com)
  • Consequently our understanding of Ca2+ signalling is now advancing rapidly through experimental approaches that involve the controlled expression, inhibition of expression and use of naturally occurring or engineered mutations of channels, pumps, effectors and other proteins related to Ca2+ signalling pathways. (hstalks.com)
  • Calcium is a major constituent of bones and teeth and also plays an essential role as second messenger in cell-signaling pathways. (oregonstate.edu)
  • These signals are transmitted to specific targets within the cell by intracellular signalling pathways that employ post-translational modifications, particularly phosphorylation. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The fidelity of signal transmission by these pathways and the cross-talk between them are tightly controlled. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • This unit will cover how key signalling pathways in cells transduce extracellular signals to regulate gene expression and cellular processes such as growth and apoptosis. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Intracellular signalling pathways: covering the major pathways in cells (MAPK, PI3K-AKT, mTOR, JAK-STAT, SMAD, IKK-NF- k B, Wnt), their components and key roles of protein kinases and phosphatases. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Transcriptional regulation by signalling pathways: roles of transcription factors and chromatin modifications. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Neuronal control of behavior arises from the activity of underlying neural circuits, which in turn are specified by the interaction of various signaling pathways. (jneurosci.org)
  • Early steps in this transition are complex, with at least 2 signaling pathways identified: 1 stops yeast growth and another, with a heat shock protein 70-type profile, initiates the assembly of proteins necessary for mycelial growth. (cdc.gov)
  • Yeast-form-specific genes identified in Histoplasma capsulatum function in calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways and sulphur metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • Calcium-dependent signaling pathways and heat shock protein expression regulate dimorphism in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and have broad implications for other pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, both robust phosphorylation of Homer3 and its dissociation from metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α (mGluR1α) were triggered by depolarization in primary cultured Purkinje cells, and these events were inhibited by CaMKII inhibitor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cell lines were evaluated for their sensitivity (calcium signalling) towards trypsin and the receptor-activating peptides, SLIGRL-NH2, SLIGEL-NH2, trans-cinnamoyl(tc)-LIGRLO-NH2, and SFLLR-NH2. (nih.gov)
  • 7 The differential reductions in the potencies of SLIGRL-NH2, compared with trypsin in the PAR2PRR and PAR2NET cell lines point to differences between the interactions of the trypsin-revealed tethered ligand and the free receptor-activating peptide with PAR2. (nih.gov)
  • Their function depends on T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and cytokines that activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (autophagy.center)
  • In addition, more cells signaled on ligand-free SLBs with copper-chelating lipids instead of nickel-chelating lipids and the signaling was found to be predominantly via T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using calcium imaging, we show that AQP-mediated fast swelling kinetics also significantly increases the amplitude of calcium transients inhibited by Gadolinium and Ruthenium Red, two inhibitors of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels, and prevented by removing extracellular calcium. (elsevierpure.com)
  • As an example, hair cells express different sets of ion channels that shape the frequency, gain and time course of receptor potentials to optimize sensitivity to sounds, head or body motions. (frontiersin.org)
  • While resting lymphocytes maintain a low cytosolic calcium ion concentration, antigen receptor signaling results in calcium ion influx, predominantly via store-operated calcium channels. (degruyter.com)
  • We identified a subset of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients with high Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptor-related signaling that showed an indolent clinical course. (nature.com)
  • Since the SLAMF low signature was strongly associated with an unmutated CLL immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) status in large datasets, we investigated the impact of SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 on the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling axis. (nature.com)
  • B cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a critical role in driving proliferation and survival of the malignant clone in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), supported by the clinical activity of inhibitors targeted toward BCR-associated kinases [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
  • Non-thermal disruption of β-adrenergic receptor-activated Ca2+ signalling and apoptosis in human ES-derived cardiomyocytes by microwave electric fields at 2.4 GHz. (swansea.ac.uk)
  • Magnesium Acts as a Second Messenger in the Regulation of NMDA Receptor-Mediated CREB Signaling in Neurons. (rochester.edu)
  • The release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP 3 R) occurs in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • OBJECTIVES: In this study, we assessed the activity of TCC, its analogs, and TCS in in vitro nuclear-receptor-responsive and calcium signaling bioassays. (cdc.gov)
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined the biological activities of the compounds in in vitro, cell-based, and nuclear-receptor-responsive bioassays for receptors for aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and ryanodine (RyR1). (cdc.gov)
  • The interaction between the T cell receptor (TCR) and the antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) on a contacting T cell and APC, is widely accepted to be the key interaction. (lu.se)
  • In the second part of the thesis, a new method to measure the two-dimensional dissociation constant (2D Kd) of ligand-receptor interactions on single cells is presented. (lu.se)
  • For this purpose, a SLB functionalized with TCR and an adhesion ligand, was allowed to bind cell with pMHC and the corresponding adhesion receptor. (lu.se)
  • About ten years ago researchers in the United States discovered that there was also a third light receptor in the retina - a form of so-called retinal ganglion cells. (lu.se)
  • During their sojourn, the T cells perceive stimuli and respond to their microenvironment through signal transduction mechanisms. (listlabs.com)
  • this study investigates the mechanisms by which H(2)S excites carotid body type 1 cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Herein, we review possible mechanisms by which glutamate may act in facilitating the growth of projections in astrocytic cells. (mdpi.com)
  • However, the mechanisms that affect OPC activity in vivo and the physiological roles of neurotransmitter signaling in OPCs are unclear. (nature.com)
  • By providing detailed understanding of calcium signaling and electrical signaling in the brain, we extended prospects to precisely understand how functional mechanisms get disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases and what can be future druggable targets" says co-first author and UVM Assistant Professor of Pharmacology Amreen Mughal, Ph.D. (uvm.edu)
  • This is important to avoid "false" signaling events in cell studies with SLBs, but also to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in T-cell signaling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recent advances feature the identification of proteins constituting the mechanosensing machinery of hair bundles, how electromechanical amplification arises from prestin, novel mechanisms of signal transmission across specialized synapses and how supporting cells contribute to the homeostasis , maturation and regeneration of hair cell epithelia. (frontiersin.org)
  • There are several hypotheses about the mechanisms by which calcium antagonists induce gingival hyperplasia, but further investigation is still needed. (medscape.com)
  • Research in this laboratory focuses on gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms which underlie these signaling patterns with a primary goal of relating this knowledge to the physiology and pathophysiology of exocrine cells. (rochester.edu)
  • For unravelling the molecular response to chemicals and for detecting mechanisms underlying deleterious phenotypes of cells, organs and organisms, proteomics and metabolomics are well established tools, since they are characterising actual molecular functions. (ufz.de)
  • This thesis highlights the complexity of Wnt signaling in general and Wnt5a signaling in melanoma in particular and extends our knowledge of the mechanisms behind progression of malignant melanoma. (lu.se)
  • However, murine models, including knockout and transgenic mice, have been useful in understanding the mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis, B-cell differentiation, and antibody formation. (medscape.com)
  • Using the information-theoretic measure Transfer Entropy (Schreiber 2000) we studied the properties of this signal transduction under different conditions. (videolectures.net)
  • Detailed molecular analyzes showed that SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 receptors mediate their BCR pathway antagonistic effects via recruitment of prohibitin-2 (PHB2) thereby impairing its role in signal transduction downstream the IGHV-mutant IgM-BCR. (nature.com)
  • Each APC displayed different potential to stimulate T cells likely due to the limited availability of immunogenic myelin proteins. (listlabs.com)
  • Calcium plays an important role in this communication, because it exerts regulatory effects on many cellular proteins and cellular processes. (uib.no)
  • Lastly, we used RNA knockdown methods to diminish the expression of connexin proteins, which generate so-called "gap junctions" between cells - channels of communication which calcium and other molecules can traverse. (uib.no)
  • Inside the cell, elevated Ca2+ will activate regulatory proteins (many of its actions are mediated through Ca2+-binding proteins such as calmodulin) or enter intracellular organelles where it can regulate their internal processes. (hstalks.com)
  • Study biologically important molecules including DNA, RNA and proteins, as well as the molecular events that govern cell function. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • This study involves precisely defining by molecular techniques the individual signaling proteins expressed in the acinar cell and then subsequently assessing if individual agonists utilize discrete and different elements of the PI-signaling pathway. (rochester.edu)
  • Free Ca 2+ is then rapidly sequestered by the action of calcium pumps and exchangers and also with buffering by cytosolic calcium binding proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • When there is too much calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum, four TMCO1 proteins come together to form a channel that releases the excess calcium into the surrounding fluid inside the cell ( cytoplasm ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • In many T cell activation studies, the SLB contains the nickel-chelating lipid DGS-NTA(Ni) to functionalize the SLB with histidine-tagged proteins. (lu.se)
  • Calcium binding to proteins and other large biological anion centers. (medscape.com)
  • Junghans V, Santos AM, Lui Y, Davis SJ, Jönsson P, "Dimensions and interactions of large T-cell surface proteins" Front. (lu.se)
  • Its activation is tightly controlled by numerous other signaling proteins including protein kinase C (PKC), Sab/SH3BP, and caveolin-1. (medscape.com)
  • Calcium plays a crucial role in regulating the events of cellular division. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, CaMKII activates MEK/ERK, which degrades the cell cycle arresting p27 protein In general, transformed cells proliferate in a calcium-independent manner, whereas non-transformed cells show high sensitivity to extra-cellular calcium concentration, suggesting oncogenic growth may include disruption of calcium signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intracellular Ca 2+ signals of oligodendroglia, the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system, regulate vital cellular processes including myelination. (biorxiv.org)
  • Evolution utilised this gradient together with an ability of Ca2+ to interact with many biological molecules to create the most widespread and versatile signalling system, controlling the majority of cellular processes and executing complex routines of intercellular communications. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Autophagy is a catabolic process that is important for degradation of cellular components, and for cell survival, and has also been associated with pathological disorders and tumour growth. (open.ac.uk)
  • Additional studies used a well-characterised Ca 2+ transport pathway to generate cellular Ca 2+ signals, and examined their ability to trigger autophagy. (open.ac.uk)
  • It was found that sustained cellular Ca 2+ signals arising via chronic inhibition of SERCA were pro-autophagic. (open.ac.uk)
  • Since a number of different effectors and cellular targets exist, it has been suggested, that specific information is encoded in the amplitude, frequency and waveform of the Ca-signal and decoded again, later on, by cellular targets. (videolectures.net)
  • In quick succession, the preimplantational mouse embryo undergoes a series of cellular divisions involving two critical cell fate decisions. (zeiss.com)
  • To determine which cells are expressing specific cellular markers and how these cells are organized relative to each other requires volumetric imaging of the pre-implantation embryos by confocal microscopy. (zeiss.com)
  • His group uses molecular and cellular tools combined with network theory to explore the links between calcium signaling, cellular behavior and the early events leading to the destruction of normal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). (swansea.ac.uk)
  • Calcium acts as a signal for many cellular functions including control of cell growth and division and gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Furthermore, by analyzing the effects of Wnt5a on the malignant melanoma proteome, we provide evidence for a cell context dependent reprogramming of cellular metabolism induced by Wnt5a. (lu.se)
  • Blocking the SLB with bovine serum albumin reduced the signaling fraction to 11%, while preserving CD2 binding and the exclusion of the phosphatase CD45 from the cell-SLB contacts. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) functioned as a blocking agent, preventing unspecific cell adhesion and decreased the fraction of signaling cells down to a basal level. (lu.se)
  • In this study, we revealed that Homer3 was phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in Purkinje cells, and the phosphorylation reduces the affinity for Homer target molecules, resulting in change of the solubility. (jneurosci.org)
  • A previous study demonstrated that SLAMF1, SLAMF2, and SLAMF7 receptors are rather downregulated on CLL cells as compared to their normal B cell counterpart [ 12 ], suggesting that high expression of these molecules may have detrimental (e.g., antiproliferative) effects in the CLL context. (nature.com)
  • A low level of signaling was also obtained when functionalizing the blocked SLBs with adhesion molecules binding to receptors on the T cell. (lu.se)
  • In addition, the TCR-pMHC distributed non-homogeneously in the cell-SLB contacts when having height-mismatched adhesion molecules, but homogeneously when having height-matched adhesion molecules. (lu.se)
  • During this time he also had the opportunity to collaborate with Prof. Yuri Korchev's group at Imperial College London, UK, on using nm- to µm-sized pipettes to manipulate and stimulate molecules on cells. (lu.se)
  • Together with researchers in Prof. Klenerman's group and in Prof. Davis' group he has investigated how molecules on the surface of cells in the adaptive immune system behave and organize at the start of an immune response. (lu.se)
  • In contrast, calcium entry through extrasynaptic NMDA receptors, triggered by bath glutamate exposure or hypoxic/ischemic conditions, activated a general and dominant CREB shut-off pathway that blocked induction of BDNF expression. (nih.gov)
  • Overexpression of SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 in IGHV mutated CLL cell models resulted in reduced proliferation and impaired responses to BCR ligation, whereas the knockout of both receptors showed opposing effects and increased sensitivity toward inhibition of components of the BCR pathway. (nature.com)
  • Although all Ca2+ mobilizing agonists in pancreatic acinar cells utilize the phosphoinositide-signaling (PI) pathway, stimulation by individual agents results in markedly different temporal and spatial patterns of Ca2+ signaling. (rochester.edu)
  • Given that tremendous molecular diversity is expressed at all levels of this signaling pathway, our working hypothesis is that individual agonists do not couple to the signaling machinery in an identical fashion. (rochester.edu)
  • We are utilizing fluorescence imaging techniques including high-speed confocal microscopy to monitor [Ca2+]i while manipulating the signaling pathway with neutralizing antibodies and antisense technology. (rochester.edu)
  • The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved and crucial during embryonic development. (lu.se)
  • Activation of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via Wnt5a has been correlated with increased migration and invasion as well as a poor prognosis in malignant melanoma patients. (lu.se)
  • We now report an alternate mechanism of GAS-mediated apoptosis of primary human keratinocytes, initiated by extracellular GAS and involving dysregulation of intracellular calcium to produce endoplasmic reticulum stress. (lu.se)
  • Two bacterial virulence factors are required for effective induction of apoptosis by extracellular GAS: (i) hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits bacterial internalization and (ii) secreted cytolysin, streptolysin O (SLO), that forms transmembrane pores that permit extracellular calcium influx into the cytosol. (lu.se)
  • Induction of keratinocyte apoptosis by wild-type GAS was accompanied by cell detachment and loss of epithelial integrity, a phenomenon not observed with GAS deficient in capsule or SLO. (lu.se)
  • We propose that cell signalling initiated by extracellular GAS compromises the epithelial barrier by inducing premature keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis, thereby facilitating GAS invasion of deeper tissues. (lu.se)
  • It regulates life and death processes that include fertilization, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell necrosis. (hstalks.com)
  • They are known to be involved in the regulation of NK and T cell responses, mostly by homotypic interactions except for SLAMF2 (CD48) and SLAMF4 that interact with each other [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
  • Current available data suggest that adequate calcium intakes may play a role in body weight regulation and have therapeutic benefits in the management of moderate-to-severe premenstrual symptoms. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In exocrine acinar cells regulation of intracellular calcium plays a pivotal role in controlling fluid and protein secretion. (rochester.edu)
  • A further project relates to the organization and regulation of calcium release sites in exocrine cells. (rochester.edu)
  • In addition the regulation of these receptors by phosphorylation and the consequences this may have for Ca2+ signaling are also being studied. (rochester.edu)
  • Silver J, Yalcindag C, Sela-Brown A, Kilav R, Naveh-Many T. Regulation of the parathyroid hormone gene by vitamin D, calcium and phosphate. (medscape.com)
  • Using melanocyte and malignant melanoma cell lines, we demonstrate that the down-regulation is due to methylation. (lu.se)
  • Activation of Btk results in a cascade of signaling events resulting in calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (medscape.com)
  • During development dorsal epithelial cells receive signals from the notochord that causes them to differentiate into neural tissue to form the neural tube. (brainmass.com)
  • In orthodontic patients, gingival overgrowth has been suggested to be due to nickel accumulation and epithelial cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • However the signals that initiate and regulate the homeostatic repair response following barrier disruption are still not well understood. (brainmass.com)
  • These results suggest that the phosphorylation may regulate postsynaptic molecular architecture and Ca 2+ signaling of Purkinje cells in response to synaptic activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the work presented here, we provide compelling data that SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 receptors may not only enhance immune control of CLL but also negatively regulate BCR signaling and thereby impact sensitivity towards BTK inhibition in the substantial fraction of patients with SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 expressing M-CLL. (nature.com)
  • In deuterosome eggs (mammals, fish, amphibians, ascidians, sea urchins, etc.), successful sperm entry leads to a distinct rise in intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+), with mammals and ascidians displaying a series of intracellular calcium spikes required for completion of meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calcium ions act as second messenger in many cell types. (videolectures.net)
  • We therefore hypothesized that desensitization by low-dose immunotherapy is associated with reduced influx of calcium ions into lymphocytes. (degruyter.com)
  • it is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist that inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. (medscape.com)
  • [ 13 ] Currently, the leading explanation is that calcium antagonists inhibit the influx of calcium ions needed for the degradation and synthesis of collagen. (medscape.com)
  • This gene provides instructions for making a protein that forms specialized structures called channels through which positively charged calcium atoms (calcium ions) flow. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein is found in the membrane of a cell structure called the endoplasmic reticulum, which acts as a storage center for calcium ions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The proper balance of calcium ions in cells and cell compartments is important for the development and function of various tissues and organs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The imbalance of calcium ions disrupts development of the brain and structures in the head, face, and torso, resulting in the features of cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ions level. (lu.se)
  • Thus, we can now propose that intricately choreographed calcium signaling through gap junctions plays a pivotal role in steering the early development of the embryo. (uib.no)
  • Calcium is required for muscle contractions and also for many cells (like neurons) to properly secrete signals and hormones. (brainmass.com)
  • Research shows that calcium signals play a serious role in the control of neuronal (nerve) functions and plasticity (the ability of the brain to change formations during interconnections between neurons). (brainmass.com)
  • Here, we revealed an unknown universe of calcium signaling in capillaries, and much like traffic lights, these calcium signals direct vital nutrients to nearby active neurons. (uvm.edu)
  • They found that when neurons fire electrical signals, they cause an increase in calcium in the cells lining the blood vessels. (uvm.edu)
  • Understanding how embryonic cells biomolecularly restrict their early developmental potential and promote specific cell commitment helps to provide key insights on cancer plasticity and could improve fertilization protocols. (zeiss.com)
  • Mamo S, Kobolak J, Borbíró I, Bíró T, Bock I, Dinnyes A. Gene targeting and Calcium handling efficiencies in mouse embryonic stem cell lines. (wjgnet.com)
  • After stimulation, the calcium concentration in the cytosol of hepatocytes, for example, can display complex dynamic behavior including spiking and bursting oscillations. (videolectures.net)
  • Therefore, we coupled a simple Ca2+-dependent enzyme activation process to a model of calcium oscillations (Kummer 2000) and to experimentally measured calcium time series. (videolectures.net)
  • Ca2+ signals can be complex with some involving periodic oscillations of varying frequencies or responses that are restricted to specific regions of the cell. (hstalks.com)
  • The prevalence, but not the amplitude or frequency, of LH-induced [Ca 2+ ] i oscillations in thecal cells was dependent on the agonist concentration. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Putative phospholipase C inhibition with U-73122 (10 μM) also abolished or frequency-damped LH-driven [Ca 2+ ] i oscillations in 95 ± 4.7% of cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Ca 2+ ] i oscillations in thecal cells were not abrogated by overnight pretreatment with pertussis toxin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Accordingly, the present data extend the apparent complexity of LH-induced [Ca 2+ ] i second messenger signaling and identify at the single cell level LH's dose-responsive drive of [Ca 2+ ] i oscillations in gonadal cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Calcium was found to concentrate on condensed DNA to much higher levels compared to normal cytosolic calcium concentration. (wikipedia.org)
  • This homeostatic system produced a steep (∼20,000 times) concentration gradient between extracellular and intracellular compartments, which has both survival importance (even relatively short increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations higher then 100 nM are incompatible with life) and signalling function. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The Ca 2+ signal is characterized by a rapid increase in the concentration of free cytosolic calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) attributable to the opening of calcium channels located in the plasma membrane and in the membranes of intracellular calcium stores. (jneurosci.org)
  • The major downstream calcium effectors are the calcium-binding calmodulin protein and downstream calmodulin-dependent protein kinases I / II. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calcium concentrations in the blood and fluid surrounding the cells ( extracellular fluid ) must be maintained within a narrow concentration range for normal physiological functioning. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The physiological functions of calcium are so vital to survival that the body will stimulate bone resorption (demineralization) to maintain normal blood calcium concentrations when calcium intake is inadequate. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Calcium concentrations in the blood and fluid that surround cells are tightly controlled in order to preserve normal physiological function. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The cells of our body integrate signals from multiple stimuli in order to mount appropriate physiological responses. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptors are a group of nine type I transmembrane receptors that are mainly expressed on a variety of immune cells. (nature.com)
  • It is a crucial enzyme in transmembrane signaling. (hmdb.ca)
  • For many years Cl- channels have been well studied in neurological systems, where these channels initiate action potentials at synapses, propagate signals along axons and dendrites, and trigger neurotransmitter release and Calcium influx. (brainmass.com)
  • Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that express neurotransmitter receptors. (nature.com)
  • abstract = "Specific Ca2+ homeostatic system appeared very early in the history of the cell, as a survival system preventing Ca2+-mediated cell damage. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • This spiking relies on the transient operation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and is initiated - in a threshold-dependent manner - with inositol-triphosphate-mediated Ca 2+ responses in permeabilized cells. (wiley.com)
  • Evidence that mitochondrial Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release contributes to inositol-triphosphate-mediated Ca 2+ responses in intact cells is also reported. (wiley.com)
  • We found that Homer3, the predominant isoform in Purkinje cells, is phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) both in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • It is concluded that H(2)S excites type 1 cells through the inhibition of background (TASK) potassium channels leading to membrane depolarisation and voltage-gated Ca(2+) entry. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses membrane-anchored GCaMP6s in OPCs and used longitudinal two-photon microscopy to monitor OPC calcium (Ca 2+ ) dynamics in the cerebral cortex. (nature.com)
  • Ca2+ signals are attenuated by sequestration of Ca2+ into intracellular organelles that function as Ca2+ stores or by the expulsion of Ca2+ back across the plasma membrane. (hstalks.com)
  • Synaptic NMDA receptors have anti-apoptotic activity, whereas stimulation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (an early marker for glutamate-induced neuronal damage) and cell death. (nih.gov)
  • Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are one of the most common cell-membrane model systems to study cell-cell interactions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using biophysical techniques to measure water flux through the plasma membrane of wild-type (WT) and AQP4 knockout (KO) astrocytes and of an astrocyte cell line (DI TNC1) transfected with AQP4 or AQP1, we here show that AQP-mediated fast swelling kinetics play a key role in triggering and accelerating RVD. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Peter graduated as PhD in Physics from Chalmers, Sweden, in 2010 under the supervision of Prof. Fredrik Höök , where he got to work with artificial model systems of a cell membrane, so called supported lipid bilayers, and with fluorescence microscopy, two techniques that have become central for his work since then. (lu.se)
  • In this recently published study , we dynamically imaged changes in intracellular calcium concentration in the early embryos of Oikopleura dioica using the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6. (uib.no)
  • A slight drop in blood calcium concentration (e.g., in the case of inadequate calcium intake) is sensed by the parathyroid glands , resulting in their increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). (oregonstate.edu)
  • It was found that increasing the concentration of DGS-NTA(Ni) both increased cell adhesion and the fraction of signaling cells. (lu.se)
  • We show here that these lipids by themselves can induce calcium signaling in T cells, also when having protein ligands on the SLB. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Functional studies show that SFRP3 can inhibit Wnt5a signaling and induce a decrease in migration and invasion. (lu.se)
  • Taken together these data suggests that, in melanoma, an altered Wnt5a signal can induce different pro-tumorigenic effects. (lu.se)
  • Calcium is a key signaling ion involved in many different intracellular and extracellular processes ranging from synaptic activity to cell-cell communication and adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plays also an essential role in vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract, probably by regulating vascular branching and/or remodelling processes in endothelial cells. (lu.se)
  • Aberrant Wnt signaling is important in several different disease processes. (lu.se)
  • Before moving to Lund, Peter did a three year postdoctoral stay in Cambridge, UK, where he worked with Prof. David Klenerman on developing new tools to study biological processes on the surface of cells. (lu.se)
  • The pons relays afferent information from the bladder to higher brain centers, which in turn communicate with the periaqueductal gray matter, a relay station that collects higher brain center intput and processes this in order to signal the PMC to trigger or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)
  • Calcium entry through synaptic NMDA receptors induced CREB activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression as strongly as did stimulation of L-type calcium channels. (nih.gov)
  • STIM1 deletion or inhibition of OXPHOS is associated with a non-pathogenic Th17 gene expression signature and impaired pathogenic Th17 cell function. (autophagy.center)
  • which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Patients who have common variable immunodeficiency and autoimmune conditions appear to have very low numbers of isotype-switched memory B cells in peripheral blood and are more likely to have a mutation in the gene that encodes TACI ( TNFRST13B ). (medscape.com)
  • The fungal cell cyle is considered with respect to the mechanism of sequential gene expression in Candida albicans, since little is known about the cell cycle in pathogenic molds. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we found that knockdown of connexin expression, and therefore of gap junction expression, disrupted the coordination of the intercellular calcium wave, and resulted in abnormal development. (uib.no)
  • Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulphide on calcium signalling, background (TASK) K channel activity and mitochondrial function in chemoreceptor cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Deletion of STIM1 in pathogenic Th17 cells reduces the expression of genes required for mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. (autophagy.center)
  • Our findings establish Ca2+ influx as a critical regulator of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in pathogenic Th17 cell-mediated multiorgan inflammation. (autophagy.center)
  • Upon demyelination, new oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and OLs can be generated and partial myelin repair can take place ( Franklin & Ffrench-Constant, 2017 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • By introducing GCaMP6 into the unfertilized egg, after which the indicator is transmitted to all the cells in the embryo, we were able to track calcium signals with a camera by filming the accompanying changes in GCaMP6 fluorescence. (uib.no)
  • Intracellular lymphocytic calcium ion concentrations were assayed in a total of 47 patients, following incubation with picogram amounts of the test allergens, using a cell-permeable calcium-sensing ratiometric fluorescent dye and fluorescence spectroscopy, both at baseline and following successful provocation neutralization treatment with low-dose immunotherapy. (degruyter.com)
  • Historically, one of the most well characterized roles of intracellular calcium is activation of the ovum after sperm fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pathogenic Th17 cells play important roles in many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. (autophagy.center)
  • This volume begins by discussing the cell wall which, besides its roles in pathogenesis, is now a practical drug target. (cdc.gov)
  • Together, these findings suggested that Homer3 in Purkinje cells might function as a reversible coupler regulated by CaMKII phosphorylation and that the phosphorylation is capable of regulating the postsynaptic molecular architecture in response to synaptic activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Stimulation of 388 cells with LH (5 μg/ml) elicited an intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) signal in 85 ± 5.3% of individual thecal cells (n = 11 experiments). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Calmodulin dependent kinase II was shown to be the protein responsible for converting the Ca2+ influx signal into inhibition of CSF and activation of cyclin degradation machinery to degrade cyclin B, resulting in progression through meiosis II. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, inhibition of TRPV4 or removal of extracellular calcium does not affect RVD. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We found that Wnt5a could activate regulated secretion of IL-6 and VEGF, dependent on cytoskeletal re-arrangements mediated via calcium signaling and Cdc42 activation. (lu.se)
  • Rebellato P, Islam MS. [6]-Shogaol induces Ca2+ signals by activating the TRPV1 channels in the rat insulinoma INS-1E cells. (unina.it)
  • Explain how a drug that interferes with the functioning of voltage-gated calcium channels could decrease the transmission of painful signals . (brainmass.com)
  • TCR engagement activates stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium (Ca2+) influx through Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. (autophagy.center)
  • Knocking down Cav1 calcium channels implicated in Th 2 cell activation prevents experimental asthma. (degruyter.com)
  • The functional properties and localization of the channels as well as the pumps, exchangers, and buffers are thought to play a crucial role in generating a range of calcium signals that vary from a brief local increase to repetitive calcium spikes and waves spreading over a larger region. (jneurosci.org)
  • The native ORAI channel trio underlies the diversity of Ca signaling events. (rochester.edu)
  • Small peptides containing the RGD sequence can modulate a variety of cell adhesion invents associated with thrombosis, inflammation, and tumor metastasis. (embl.de)
  • Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor type, in which Wnt signaling is essential. (lu.se)
  • During the transition from the naive epiblast to a pluripotent state, over 100 cells are organized into an approximately 60-80 µm diameter pre-implantation mouse embryo. (zeiss.com)
  • Exquisite control of intracellular calcium dynamics are required, as calcium appears to play a role at multiple cell cycle checkpoints. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, studies on oligodendroglia Ca 2+ signal dynamics are still scarce, especially during myelin repair, and there are no software solutions to properly analyze the unique Ca 2+ signal characteristics in these cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • Understanding the dynamics of calcium signals is achieved. (brainmass.com)
  • The dynamics of calcium signals which are achieved are given. (brainmass.com)
  • The Inscopix Miniature microscope system allows to image large-scale brain circuit dynamics via in vivo calcium imaging in freely behaving animals to correlate neural activity with behaviour. (lu.se)
  • On the other hand, NFAT sensor can reliably detect T cell activation induced by antigen recognition in vivo. (listlabs.com)
  • T cells presented longer-lasting elevated calcium levels (>2 min) after contacting local antigen presenting (APC) cells, whereas OVA specific T cells presented only short calcium spikes. (listlabs.com)
  • This T cell reaction was most pronounced in the prodromal phase, and followed a 'first come - first served' rule for antigen recognition. (listlabs.com)
  • Interactions between immune cells such as T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are integral for mounting an adaptive immune response. (lu.se)
  • In general, PLC enzymes stimulate calcium release by internal stores through the breakdown of PIP2 into IP3 and DAG. (wikipedia.org)
  • They transfer extracellular signals (e.g. from hormones) to targets within the cell, like Ca2+-dependent enzymes or transcription factors. (videolectures.net)
  • Enzymes detect this calcium and direct the cells to make nitric oxide. (uvm.edu)
  • GLIA 2016;64:139-154 Main Points: The speed of swelling kinetics is the main trigger for Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD) and for calcium response in astrocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This review discusses the similarities and differences between the morphology of astrocytes and astrocytoma cells, and the role that dysregulation in glutamate and calcium signaling plays in the aberrant morphology of astrocytoma cells. (mdpi.com)
  • Calcium Signaling in T Cells Is Induced by Binding to Nickel-Chelating Lipids in Supported Lipid Bilayers. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dam T, Junghans V, Humphrey J, Chouliara M, Jönsson P, "Calcium Signaling in T Cells Is Induced by Binding to Nickel-Chelating Lipids in Supported Lipid Bilayers" Front. (lu.se)
  • In a heterologous system, the Ca 2+ signaling pattern induced by mGluR1α activation was modulated by the Homer3 phosphorylation state. (jneurosci.org)
  • Moreover, the phosphorylation altered Ca 2+ signaling patterns induced by mGluR1α in heterologous expression system. (jneurosci.org)
  • Introduction to cell signalling: signalling networks, protein-protein interactions, protein phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • abstract = "Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) is a process by which cells restore their original volume in response to swelling. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Calcium moderates nerve and muscle performance by regulating the action potential excitation threshold and facilitating normal cardiac function. (medscape.com)
  • These data suggest that Ca 2+ signals arising from InsP 3 Rs suppress autophagy. (open.ac.uk)
  • By altering intracellular Ca 2+ and InsP 3 levels through genetic means, we now show that signaling through the InsP 3 R is required at multiple steps for generating the neural circuit required in air puff-stimulated Drosophila flight. (jneurosci.org)
  • Low-dose immunotherapy may affect baseline levels of intracellular calcium in lymphocytes, supporting the premise that allergens affect cell signaling in immune cells and provocation neutralization immunotherapy helps to promote more normal immune cell signaling. (degruyter.com)
  • Calcium acts both to modulate intracellular signaling as a secondary messenger and to facilitate structural changes as cells progress through division. (wikipedia.org)
  • nVue enables imaging of two distinct brain signals to gain deeper insight into how an ensemble of brain signals interacts during free behaviour in a single imaging session. (lu.se)
  • It has been clear for quite some time is that this involves communication among the cells, a communication that becomes increasingly more intricate as the number of cells increases. (uib.no)
  • The researchers used a protein that emits green light when calcium increases in the cell. (uvm.edu)
  • read more keep the cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]c) low and then allow selective increases in [Ca2+]c by stimulating either Ca2+ release from the cells' internal Ca2+ stores or the influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular environment. (hstalks.com)
  • However, the use of large doses of supplemental calcium, together with absorbable alkali, increases the risk of hypercalcemia, especially in postmenopausal women. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Calcitriol increases calcium levels by promoting calcium absorption in the intestines and calcium retention in the kidneys. (medscape.com)
  • Circulating calcium concentrations are tightly controlled by the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D at the expense of the skeleton when dietary calcium intakes are inadequate. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In acinar cells the distribution of these receptors is tightly localized to an area associated with the actin cytoskeleton in the apical secretory pole of the cell. (rochester.edu)
  • Jurkat T cells transfected with the non-signaling molecule rat CD48 were found to bind to ligand-free SLBs containing ≥2 wt% nickel-chelating lipids upon which calcium signaling was induced. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Both the signaling fraction and signaling time did not change significantly compared to ligand-free SLBs when adding the CD48-ligand rat CD2 to the SLB. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, without blocking these functionalized SLBs again signaled at a similar level to the unblocked, not functionalized DGS-NTA(Ni) SLBs. (lu.se)