Cell glucose transporter type 5. Medical search. Frequent questions

The two ways in which glucose uptake can take place are facilitated diffusion (a passive process) and secondary active transport (an active process which on the ion-gradient which is established through the hydrolysis of ATP, known as primary active transport). (wikipedia.org)
GLUT1 and GLUT3 are located in the plasma membrane of cells throughout the body, as they are responsible for maintaining a basal rate of glucose uptake. (wikipedia.org)
therefore GLUT1 and GLUT3 have a high affinity for glucose and uptake from the bloodstream is constant. (wikipedia.org)
As muscle is a principal storage site for glucose and adipose tissue for triglyceride (into which glucose can be converted for storage), GLUT4 is important in post-prandial uptake of excess glucose from the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
Upon reaching the plasmalemma, the vesicles fuse with the membrane, increasing the number of GLUT4 transporters expressed at the cell surface, and hence increasing glucose uptake. (wikipedia.org)
Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Glucose removal is determined by cellular glucose uptake and metabolism ( fig. 1 ) [ 4 , 12 - 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The actions of the proteins that control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc, the zinc transporters, are under intense investigation due to their emerging role in type 2 diabetes. (hindawi.com)
Cocoa flavonoids attenuate high glucose-induced insulin signalling blockade and modulate glucose uptake and production in human HepG2 cells. (voedingsgeneeskunde.nl)
This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)
Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
In addition, it reduced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and glycolysis, and led to defective TG synthesis and storage in HCs. (helsinki.fi)
insulin resistance state affecting GLUT4 translocation which is important in affecting glucose uptake. (sciencebiology.org)
Stimulation of GLUT4 Glucose Uptake by Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) via PI3K/Akt and AMPK/p38 MAPK Signaling in C2C12 Cells. (sciencebiology.org)
Mulberry Leaf Extract Stimulates Glucose Uptake and GLUT4 Translocation in Rat Adipocytes. (sciencebiology.org)
Portulaca oleracea L. Extract Enhances Glucose Uptake by Stimulating GLUT4 Translocation to the Plasma Membrane in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. (sciencebiology.org)
To identify and characterize potential GLUT2 and GLUT3 ligands, we developed a whole-cell system based on a yeast strain deficient in hexose uptake, whose growth defect on glucose can be rescued by the functional expression of human transporters. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Their increased glucose uptake fuels hexosamine biosynthetic pathway-dependent O-GlcNAcylation to promote cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. (sciencenet.cn)
Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)

Fig. 2: Fructose metabolism enhances hypoxic cell survival and decreases pyruvate kinase activity. (nature.com)
Directly linking cell motility to cell metabolism is technically challenging but biologically important. (nature.com)
Our data indicate that Rho-GTPase signalling coordinates energy metabolism with cytoskeleton remodelling to regulate endothelial cell motility. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Single-cell metabolism links migratory cell phenotypes to glycolysis states. (nature.com)
Laminar shear stress inhibits endothelial cell metabolism via KLF2-mediated repression of PFKFB3. (nature.com)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance, leading to defects in glucose metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary (or intermediate) metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
The metabolism of cancer cells is also different from the metabolism of normal cells, and these differences can be used to find targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)
The instructions for building nearly all the enzymes involved in metabolism are stored as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus of the cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Elisabeth Björk, Senior Vice President, Head of late Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, said: "This approval of Forxiga in Japan means that people with type-1 diabetes whose glucose levels are not adequately controlled with insulin alone now have a new oral treatment option available to them. (worldpharmanews.com)
In this study, we examined AA effects on metabolism in wild-type (WT) mice and GLUT10 G128E mice fed with a normal diet (CD) or HFD, as we previously showed that GLUT10 G128E mice are highly sensitive to HFD-induced T2DM 9 . (researchsquare.com)
Here, we characterize its functions in carbohydrate and TG metabolism in hepatocytes (HCs), examine its involvement on subcellular transport of cholesterol in endothelial cells (ECs) and assess the role of ORP2 in key cell signaling processes in both HCs and ECs. (helsinki.fi)
which, when activated, stimulate expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis, specifically the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids (Blaschke et al. (bodybuilding.com)
Cell Metabolism, 5(4), 237252. (sciencebiology.org)
pink mitochondrial OXPHOS) - Glucose metabolism in mitochondria . (elifesciences.org)
Due to the metabolism of Finger blood sugar test alcohol glucose will be turned into pyruvate and Blood Sugar Levels Normal blood glucose levels What Is A Normal Blood Sugar will drop. (avidreadery.com)
How glucose metabolism remodels pro-tumor functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) needs further investigation. (sciencenet.cn)
Glucose metabolism promotes O-GlcNAcylation of the lysosome-encapsulated protease Cathepsin B at serine 210, mediated by lysosome-localized O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), elevating mature Cathepsin B in macrophages and its secretion in the tumor microenvironment (TME). (sciencenet.cn)
Our study reports the biological and potential clinical significance of glucose metabolism in tumor-promoting TAMs and reveals insights into the underlying mechanisms. (sciencenet.cn)
Association of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 rs1746661 single nucleotide polymorphism with reduced brain glucose metabolism in elderly humans. (cdc.gov)
With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)

Mutation in ZnT8 has been associated with type 2 diabetes. (scirp.org)
In type 1 diabetes, there is a lack of insulin production, in type 2 diabetes, resistance of the effect of insulin is predominant. (scirp.org)
The role of zinc deficiency which could at least potentially exacerbate the cytokinine-induced damage in autoimmune attack which destroys the islet cell in type 1 diabetes is still not clear. (scirp.org)
It has been shown that there appears to be a complex interrelationship between zinc and type 1 and 2 diabetes. (scirp.org)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common metabolic diseases in the world. (frontiersin.org)
However, much subsequent research in this area was focused on the role of pulmonary SGLT transport as a modifier of lung liquid volume [ 3 , 4 ], and the effects of starvation and diabetes on glucose transport [ 1 , 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that is largely associated with increased rates of obesity and reduced physical activity [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Jiao H, Hu G, Gu D, Ni X. Having a promising efficacy on type II diabetes, it's definitely a green tea time. (voedingsgeneeskunde.nl)
Zunino S. Type 2 diabetes and glycemic response to grapes or grape products. (voedingsgeneeskunde.nl)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure, both reduced and preserved ejection fraction phenotypes, are indi-vidually associated with significant morbidity and mortality and, when co-morbid, compound their risks for poor outcomes. (cjgim.ca)
This article will explore the evidence for managing heart failure and type 2 diabetes patients and identify opportunities to improve outcomes. (cjgim.ca)
SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. (cjgim.ca)
SGLT2 inhibitors as adjunctive therapy for type 1 diabetes: balancing benefits and risks. (cjgim.ca)
9. Chu L, Fuller M, Jervis K, Ciaccia A, Abitbol A. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: The Canadian REgistry of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes Outcomes (CREDO) Study. (cjgim.ca)
12. Liu XY, Zhang N, Chen R, Zhao JG, Yu P. Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials for 1 to 2 years. (cjgim.ca)
Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
Importantly, we observed that enteroids from post-BS non-obese patients exhibited low dietary glucose absorption, indicating that altered glucose absorption is a potential mechanism for the immediate and clinically significant improvement in glucose homeostasis after BS, represented clinically by resolution of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) within weeks to months of surgery. (mayo.edu)
Type 1 diabetes (clinical diagnosis and/or positive GAD antibodies). (mayo.edu)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease resulting from the destruction of insulinproducing β cells in the pancreas, that leads to hyperglycemia [1,2,20]. (researchgate.net)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes) is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an insulin deficiency. (researchgate.net)
The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has approved Forxiga (dapagliflozin) as an oral adjunct treatment to insulin for adults with type-1 diabetes (T1D). (worldpharmanews.com)
Forxiga will help address a significant unmet need in this patient population, and this approval in type-1 diabetes builds on the well-established clinical profile of Forxiga. (worldpharmanews.com)
The safety profile of Forxiga in these T1D trials was consistent with its well-established profile in type-2 diabetes (T2D), with the exception of a higher number of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) events in Forxiga-treated patients versus placebo. (worldpharmanews.com)
Approximately five percent of people living with diabetes have type-1. (worldpharmanews.com)
4) Different factors, including genetics and some viruses, may contribute to type-1 diabetes. (worldpharmanews.com)
The DEPICT (Dapagliflozin Evaluation in Patients with Inadequately Controlled Type 1 Diabetes) clinical trial programme consists of two trials: DEPICT-1 and DEPICT-2 which are 24-week, randomised, double-blinded, parallel-controlled trials designed to assess the effects of Forxiga 5mg or 10mg on glycaemic control in patients with T1D inadequately controlled by insulin. (worldpharmanews.com)
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (DEPICT-1): 24-week results from a randomised controlled trial. (worldpharmanews.com)
The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly influenced by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors. (researchsquare.com)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major medical problem worldwide, and its development is highly affected by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors 1 . (researchsquare.com)
This review summarized the associations between various types of diabetes and cancers and updated available evidence of underlying mechanisms between diabetes and cancers. (frontiersin.org)
The risk of cancers appears to be increased in both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Further, previous studies have suggested that diabetes is associated with increased risk of cancer mortality ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, the underlying mechanisms between various types of diabetes and cancers have not yet been summarized. (frontiersin.org)
The gene is mapped to chromosome 20q12-q13.1, a region that has been shown to be linked to type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
None of the variants were associated with type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
These results suggest that variation in the coding region of SLC2A10 does not contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in the examined study population. (diabetesjournals.org)
SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of oral drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus currently in phase III studies. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for developing both microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease). (bjcardio.co.uk)
7 The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, in combination with limitations of current therapies, has led to the search for newer alternatives. (bjcardio.co.uk)
SGLT2 inhibitors represent a novel 'glucuretic' therapeutic strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and are currently in phase III trials. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Overview of clinically approved oral antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. (sciencebiology.org)
cell failure in type 2 diabetes. (sciencebiology.org)
Which Type Of Diabetes Is Not Associated With Obesity? (avidreadery.com)
Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed worldwide, and occurs in every race and nationality. (ucsf.edu)
Type 1 diabetes is most common in white people or individuals of Northern European heritage, in whom the incidence is 1 out of every 300 or 400 individuals. (ucsf.edu)
Finland and Sardinia are "hot spots" where the risk of type 1 diabetes is 1 out of every 100 to 200 people. (ucsf.edu)
The presence of antibodies directed against beta cell antigens or molecules is a significant risk factor for the development of type 1 diabetes. (ucsf.edu)
Up to 3-5% of the general population may test positive for one of these antibodies, but only about 20% of these individuals will develop diabetes. (ucsf.edu)
The presence of two antibodies, however, creates a more than 75% risk of developing type 1 diabetes within the next 10 years. (ucsf.edu)
And if one identical twin is positive for antibodies directed against the beta cell, and the other has type 1 diabetes, it is almost certain that both will eventually have diabetes. (ucsf.edu)
Data-driven subgroups of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and the relationship with cardiovascular diseases at genetic and clinical levels in Chinese adults. (cdc.gov)
Association of Met420del Variant of Metformin Transporter Gene SLC22A1 with Metformin Treatment Response in Ethiopian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. (cdc.gov)
The Predisposition for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome. (cdc.gov)
RS3480 Polymorphism of FNDC5/Irisin Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Maya-Mestizo Women. (cdc.gov)

The recently cloned SLC2A10 gene encodes a 541 amino acid putative facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT10) of the GLUT family class III with between 30 and 34% amino acid homology with the known GLUT proteins ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In HepG2 cells which express GLUT‐1 and GLUT‐2, the two isoforms showed distinct subcellular distribution patterns: GLUT‐2 was highly concentrated in LDM while very little GLUT‐1 was found in this fraction, indicating that a large portion of GLUT‐2 occurs in intracellular organelles. (ewha.ac.kr)
Our results suggest that rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells possess an intracellular storage pool for GLUT‐2, but lack the insulin‐responsive glucose transporter translocation mechanism. (ewha.ac.kr)
Human GLUT2 and GLUT3, members of the GLUT / SLC2 gene family, facilitate glucose transport in specific tissues. (uni-frankfurt.de)
This form of glucose transport is predominantly mediated by members of the GLUT transporter family. (medscape.com)
ii) The glucose carriers expressed in the basolateral domain are GULT-1 and GLUT-2 that do not require energy, sodium, or any other ion. (medscape.com)

1995). "Human and rat beta cells differ in glucose transporter but not in glucokinase gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
The article "Differential expression of the glucose transporter gene glcH in response to glucose and light in marine picocyanobacterial" by Moreno-Cabezuelo et al. (peerj.com)
The mutation of a single gene results in an alternation in the ability of the cell to carry out a single primary chemical reaction. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Most metabolic disorders are inherited from one or both parents who carry a defective gene that regulates a particular protein in a class of the body's cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
We have previously showed that genetic polymorphisms in glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) gene are associated with a T2DM intermediate phenotype in non-diabetic population, and GLUT10 G128E mice (carrying human orthologous GLUT10 G128E variant) are highly sensitive to HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation. (researchsquare.com)
The SLC2A10 gene encodes the GLUT10 facilitative glucose transporter, which is expressed in high amounts in liver and pancreas. (diabetesjournals.org)
The gene was examined in 61 Danish type 2 diabetic patients, and a total of six variants (−27C→T, Ala206Thr, Ala272Ala, IVS2 + 10G→A, IVS4 + 18T→G, and IVS4 + 26G→A) were identified and investigated in an association study, which included 503 type 2 diabetic patients and 510 glucose-tolerant control subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
Activates insulin, somatostatin, glucokinase, islet amyloid polypeptide and glucose transporter type 2 gene transcription. (pharna.com)
Particularly involved in glucose-dependent regulation of insulin gene transcription. (pharna.com)
A significant difference among treatments in the expression of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter gene (SGLT1) was noted, with greater expression in birds that received NC. (embrapa.gov.br)
There was higher expression of the neutral and cationic amino acid transporter gene (y + LAT-2) with the prebio and blend, either alone or in combination. (embrapa.gov.br)
3. Kitamura R, Ishii K, Maeda I, Kozaki T, Iwabuchi K, Saito T, Evaluation of bacterial communities by bacteriome analysis targeting 16S rRNA genes and quantitative analysis of ammonia monooxygenase gene in different types of compost. (webmedcentral.com)
2016). Characterizing and evaluating the expression of the type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (slc34a2) gene and its potential influence on phosphorus utilization efficiency in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). (tcdb.org)
This gene provides instructions for producing a protein called the glucose transporter protein type 1 (GLUT1). (medlineplus.gov)
This condition is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
which means both copies of the gene in each cell have variants. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)
Type 1 results from mutations in the integrin beta-2 gene ( ITGB2 ), encoding CD18 beta-2 integrins. (msdmanuals.com)
Type 2 results from mutations in the glucose diphosphate (GDP)-fucose transporter gene. (msdmanuals.com)
Type 3 is caused by mutations in the FERMT3 gene (11q13.1), which encodes kindlin-3 in hematopoietic cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Understanding of mechanisms underlying lung glucose homeostasis could identify new therapeutic targets for control of ASL glucose and prevention and treatment of lung infection. (ersjournals.com)
SGLT2 deletion improves glucose homeostasis and preserves pancreatic beta-cell function. (org.ua)
Recent studies have highlighted zinc's dynamic role as a "cellular second messenger" in the control of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
ORP2 has been implicated to participate e.g. in triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol homeostasis, and in cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. (helsinki.fi)
ORP2 was found to regulate the activity of a central cell homeostasis effector Akt, and to physically interact with a complex known to sustain its activity. (helsinki.fi)
Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I, also known as von Gierke disease, is a group of inherited autosomal recessive metabolic disorders of the glucose-6- phosphatase system which helps maintain glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
The kidneys play an important role in glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
It helps to maintain glucose homeostasis by at least two mechanisms. (medscape.com)

close to the glomerulus, where glucose levels are high, SGLT2 has a low affinity yet high capacity for glucose transport. (wikipedia.org)
Targeting renal glucose reabsorption to treat hyperglycaemia: the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibition. (org.ua)
Forxiga (dapagliflozin) is a first-in-class, oral once-daily selective inhibitor of human sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) indicated as both monotherapy and as part of combination therapy to improve glycaemic control, with the additional benefits of weight loss and blood pressure reduction, as an adjunct to diet and exercise in adults with T2D. (worldpharmanews.com)
Approximately 10% of renal glucose re-absorption occurs via SGLT1, and the remaining 90% occurs via SGLT2, which is found in the early proximal tubule. (bjcardio.co.uk)
SGLT2, a high-capacity, low-affinity transporter of glucose and sodium is found in high concentration at the brush border membrane of the S1 and S2 segment of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). (bjcardio.co.uk)
SGLT2 binds to sodium and glucose in the filtrate and these compounds are translocated across the apical cell membrane, an active process driven by the electrochemical sodium gradient between tubular filtrate and the cell. (bjcardio.co.uk)

The small intestine converts dietary fructose into glucose and organic acids. (nature.com)
Its use as a therapeutic target is limited by side effects from malabsorption of glucose and galactose in the small intestine. (bjcardio.co.uk)

RhoA activation triggers a glycolytic burst through the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A3/GLUT3 to fuel the cellular contractile machinery, as demonstrated across multiple endothelial cell types. (nature.com)
Fig. 5: RhoA induces glucose transporter SLC2A3 translocation which drives subcellular glycolysis in thrombin-stimulated contractile endothelial cells. (nature.com)
Some research shows that plant extract proved to be potential in increasing the translocation of GLUT4 and helping lowering blood glucose levels. (sciencebiology.org)
Evidence for defects in the trafficking and translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters in skeletal muscle as a cause of human insulin resistance. (sciencebiology.org)

GLUT4 transporters are insulin sensitive, and are found in muscle and adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
During fasting, some GLUT4 transporters will be expressed at the surface of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Fazakerley et al1 focuses on GLUT4 kinetics in the L6 skeletal muscle cell line. (bath.ac.uk)
Despite displaying a similar redistribution of GLUT4 to the cell surface with insulin to that seen in adipocytes, the mechanism for this effect in L6 cells was completely different. (bath.ac.uk)
Regulated transport of the glucose transporter GLUT4. (sciencebiology.org)
The GLUT4 Glucose Transporter. (sciencebiology.org)
In response to parathyroid hormone and dietary inorganic phosphate, the renal cotransporter is rapidly inserted into and retrieved from the renal brush border membrane in a fashion similar to that by which the glucose transporter (Glut4) (TC# 2.A.1.1) is regulated by insulin, and aquaporins 1 and 2 (TC# 1.A.8.1) are regulated by vasopressin (Levi et al. (tcdb.org)

In insulin-dependent peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver, zinc ions play a role in insulin-induced glucose transport and glycemic control [ 9 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)

Close to the loop of Henle and in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron where much glucose has been reabsorbed into the bloodstream, SGLT1 transporters are found. (wikipedia.org)
Significant upregulation of major intestinal sugar transporters, including SGLT1, GLU2 and GLUT5 was responsible for hyper-absorptive phenotype and their pharmacologic inhibition significantly decreased glucose absorption. (mayo.edu)

GLUT2 in contrast has a high Km value (15-20mM) and therefore a low affinity for glucose. (wikipedia.org)
Once inside the epithelial cells, glucose reenters the bloodstream through facilitated diffusion through GLUT2 transporters. (wikipedia.org)
Glucose is then transported passively by GLUT2 along its concentration gradient into the interstitium. (bjcardio.co.uk)
The second stage of re-absorption is the transport of glucose through the utilisation of GLUT2 transporters in the basolateral membrane. (bjcardio.co.uk)
The simplicity of handling yeast cells makes this platform convenient for screening potential GLUT2 and GLUT3 inhibitors in a growth-based manner, amenable to high-throughput approaches. (uni-frankfurt.de)
We show that functional expression of GLUT2 in yeast requires the deletion of the extended extracellular loop connecting transmembrane domains TM1 and TM2, which appears to negatively affect the trafficking of the transporter in the heterologous expression system. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Furthermore, single amino acid substitutions at specific positions of the transporter sequence appear to positively affect the functionality of both GLUT2 and GLUT3 in yeast. (uni-frankfurt.de)

the metabolic needs of the tissue and availability of glucose. (wikipedia.org)
Single-cell motility is spatially heterogeneous and driven by metabolic energy. (nature.com)
Here, we use single-cell metabolic imaging to measure glycolysis in individual endothelial cells with genetically encoded biosensors capable of deciphering metabolic heterogeneity at subcellular resolution. (nature.com)
Enzymes act as catalysts - they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly - and they also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction, for example in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells. (wikipedia.org)
As these molecules are vital for life, metabolic reactions either focus on making these molecules during the construction of cells and tissues, or on breaking them down and using them to obtain energy, by their digestion. (wikipedia.org)
A metabolic disorder is any disease or disorder that negatively affects the biochemical reactions through which individual animal cells process nutrient molecules (such as the components of carbohydrates , proteins , and fats ) to yield energy or perform the functions necessary to sustain life (such as building complex molecules and creating cellular structure). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients. (org.ua)
We investigated the impacts of AA on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysregulation in wild type (WT) and GLUT10 G128E mice. (researchsquare.com)
Changes in τ bound imply changes in the specific enzymes to which NAD(P)H is binding and, therefore, the metabolic state of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
Overweight and obese adults have about 5 times higher odds of having ation in the magnitude or direction of outcome, indicating the lack metabolic syndrome than adults with normal or low body weight. (cdc.gov)

As bacteria are in an environment they are all releasing these molecules, they measure those molecules, and they use that as a proxy to know that there are other cells around. (asmblog.org)
In this process, one molecule of glucose is anaerobically converted into two molecules of pyruvate to yield two molecules of ATP. (elifesciences.org)
GSD type Id is deficiency in a transporter that translocates free glucose molecules from microsomes into the cytosol. (medscape.com)
it protects the brain's delicate nerve tissue by preventing many other types of molecules from entering the brain. (medlineplus.gov)

Hence reabsorption of glucose is dependent upon the existing sodium gradient which is generated through the active functioning of the NaKATPase. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)
Reabsorption of glucose predominantly occurs on the brush border membrane of the convoluted segment of the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)

Sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors have demonstrated significant risk reduction in important clinical outcomes in both conditions and should be utilized as foundational therapy to simultaneously target these two diseases. (cjgim.ca)
5,6 Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are well tolerated, but are merely weight neutral. (bjcardio.co.uk)

George, G. and Friendgood, O. (2018) Biochemical Assessment of the Relationship of Zinc and Glucose Concentration in Diabetics. (scirp.org)

Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)

Two means of glucose transport are noted: facilitative and secondary active transport. (medscape.com)
Facilitative transport occurs in essentially all cell types and is driven by the concentration gradient across cellular membranes. (medscape.com)
Glucose enters the cell along with sodium, and sodium exits the cell at the basolateral side of the cell, which is sodium-independent and a facilitative transport requiring no energy. (medscape.com)

Facilitated diffusion can occur between the bloodstream and cells as the concentration gradient between the extracellular and intracellular environments is such that no ATP hydrolysis is required. (wikipedia.org)

This research is designed to assess whether insulin resistance is associated with a stronger preference for sugar-sweetened, thus elevating blood glucose responses in obese people with varying degrees of insulin resistance. (bvsalud.org)
The percent of sugar-sweetened versus monkfruit-sweetened yogurt consumed in relationship to amount earned was related to insulin resistance ( r = 0.64, p = .019), glycated hemoglobin ( r = 0.61, p = .027), insulin ( r = 0.58, p = .007), and glucose ( r = 0.56, p = .048). (bvsalud.org)
It is emphasized that the antihyperglycemic effect of the drug does not depend on the secretion of insulin by β-cells of the pancreas and insulin resistance, it is manifested only in conditions of glucosuria and limited by eGFR. (org.ua)
The Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems Market By Region most 5 hours after eating blood sugar common contributor to insulin resistance is eat a diet that s high in simple carbs and processed foods. (avidreadery.com)

Using serum samples of diabetic patients whose glucose concentrations were above the threshold (10.0 mmol/l), spectroscopic methods were used to determine the concentration of glucose and zinc. (scirp.org)
6. Shimabukuro M, Higa N, Oshiro Y, Asahi T, Takasu N. Diagnostic utility of brain-natriuretic peptide for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients. (cjgim.ca)
DIM decreased STZ-increased high blood glucose levels and food and water intake in diabetic mice. (researchgate.net)

This is in contrast to conditions in the gut and kidney, where luminal glucose concentrations regularly exceed plasma glucose concentrations [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
0.01 mM and plasma glucose 0.19 mM [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
As plasma glucose concentration increases, there is concordant increase in the filtered load of glucose. (medscape.com)

Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
These processes vary between species but universally maintain ASL glucose at 3-20-fold lower concentrations than plasma. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are increased in respiratory disease and by hyperglycaemia. (ersjournals.com)
1 mM in nasal ASL [ 8 ] and mean± sd 0.4±0.2 mM in the lower respiratory tract, 12.5 times lower than plasma concentrations, which are normally maintained at ∼5 mM [ 9 ]. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
Current model of the mechanisms controlling glucose concentrations in the surface liquid lining the airway and distal lung epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
Thus, the proteins that transport zinc likely facilitate cell signaling processes that contribute to glycemic control in peripheral tissues by modulating cytosolic zinc concentrations. (hindawi.com)
At the cellular level, total zinc concentrations of human cells are 200-300 μ M [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, glucose transporter expression in the endometrium, and also glucose and protein concentration in ULF was influenced by preovulatory estradiol concentrations and conceptus presence. (usda.gov)
Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Physicians now recognize that zinc supplementation can reduce the incidence and severity of diarrheal disease, and an ORS of reduced osmolarity (i.e., proportionally reduced concentrations of sodium and glucose) has been developed for global use. (cdc.gov)

In the brain, the GLUT1 protein is involved in moving glucose, which is the brain's main energy source, across the blood-brain barrier. (medlineplus.gov)
The GLUT1 protein also moves glucose between cells in the brain called glia, which protect and maintain nerve cells (neurons). (medlineplus.gov)
Having less functional GLUT1 protein reduces the amount of glucose available to brain cells, which affects brain development and function. (medlineplus.gov)

Our understanding of the role of glucose transport in the lung and the mechanisms that regulate glucose movement across the human lung epithelium lags far behind that of the gut and kidney. (ersjournals.com)
These studies indicate that different cell types are capable of achieving the same cell biological endpoint but using completely distinct mechanisms. (bath.ac.uk)
Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)

Here we show that dietary fructose improves the survival of intestinal cells and increases intestinal villus length in several mouse models. (nature.com)
The ability of fructose to promote cell survival through an allosteric metabolite thus provides additional insights into the excess adiposity generated by a Western diet, and a compelling explanation for the promotion of tumour growth by high-fructose corn syrup. (nature.com)
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of glucose (Glu), fructose (Fru), glucose and fructose (GluFru) and sucralose on blood glucose response in healthy individuals. (mdpi.com)
The glucose/fructose:H+ symporter, STP13 (sugar transport protein 13). (lbl.gov)
The fructose/xylose:H+ symporter, PMT1 (polyol monosaccharide transporter-1). (lbl.gov)

Zinc has "mimetic" activity where it is involved in a range of functions including insulin receptor signal transduction, insulin storage, secretion and tissues/organelle distribution, and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

In immortalised human airway cells (line H441) with 10 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, apical ASL glucose was 0.24±0.07 mM [ 10 ]. (ersjournals.com)
In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with 16.6±0.4 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, ASL glucose was 2.2±0.5 mM [ 11 ]. (ersjournals.com)
SGLTs transport sodium and glucose into cells using the sodium gradient created by sodium/potassium ATPase pumps at the basolateral cell membranes. (bjcardio.co.uk)

i) The apical transporters are SGLT-1 (type 1) and SGLT-2. (medscape.com)

They inhibit glucose re-absorption in the proximal renal tubules providing an insulin independent mechanism to lower blood glucose. (bjcardio.co.uk)
The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)
Secondary active transport occurs in the intestine and the kidney tubules (predominantly proximal tubule) and is mediated by members of the SGLT transporter family. (medscape.com)
Glucose enters at the luminal side of the proximal tubular cells by an active carrier-mediated transport process that requires energy provided by the sodium gradient between the intra- and extracellular compartments generated by sodium-potassium ATPase. (medscape.com)

Other proteins have structural or mechanical functions, such as those that form the cytoskeleton, a system of scaffolding that maintains the cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The PNaS family includes several functionally characterized, sodium-dependent, inorganic phosphate (P i ) transporter (NPT2 or NptA) proteins from mammals. (tcdb.org)
The antibodies are directed against proteins associated with the beta cells, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase, insulin and heat shock proteins. (ucsf.edu)

Further works by [8] have established the fact that Zn transporter (ZnT8) is a key protein for the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic Beta-cells. (scirp.org)

In tissues, zinc concentration is highest in the prostate (approximately 200 μ g/g), then pancreas (approximately 140 μ g/g), and muscle (approximately 50 μ g/g), while in plasma there is approximately 14-16 μ M of total zinc that is distributed to cells [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)

We identified that enteroids from obese patients were characterized by glucose hyper-absorption (~ 5 fold) compared to non-obese patients. (mayo.edu)
Thus, our results and other published data led us to the current hypothesis: an intestinal glucose hyper-absorptive phenotype in obese patients may be a predictor for successful outcome of BS. (mayo.edu)
Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)

We show that cellular glycolysis fuels endothelial activation, migration and contraction and that sites of high lactate production colocalize with active cytoskeletal remodelling within an endothelial cell. (nature.com)
The synthesis, secretion, and action of insulin are dependent on zinc and the transporters that make this ion available to cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
Given the low plasma concentration of zinc and its importance in cellular signaling, it is essential that the availability and distribution of "free" zinc (free zinc is used to differentiate zinc involved in cell signaling from zinc that tightly bound to protein and therefore thermodynamically unavailable) are tightly controlled [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Taken together, this study identifies ORP2 as a novel nexus interconnecting cellular bioenergetics and signaling to cell anabolic reactions. (helsinki.fi)
Macrophages are cells found in the body that are responsible for the elimination of disease-causing germs (such as microorganisms, viruses, toxins, bacteria, and fungi), as well as dead cells and cellular debris. (bodybuilding.com)
Pathways of glucose catabolism regulating cellular NADPH/NADH. (elifesciences.org)
Proposed gradient in cellular NADPH/NADH and thus glucose flux along the developing BP. (elifesciences.org)
these glycoproteins facilitate cellular interactions, cell attachment to blood vessel walls, cell movement, and interaction with complement fragments. (msdmanuals.com)

For practical purposes, depending on the enzyme activity and the presence of mutations in the G6Pase and T genes, respectively, GSD type I may be subdivided into 2 major forms. (medscape.com)

8. If receiving a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, must be on a stable dose for at least 90 days. (who.int)

Following its conversion from glucose during glycolysis, pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (elifesciences.org)

Their main structural uses are as part of biological membranes both internal and external, such as the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)

Short lifetimes (orange) indicate NADH production and therefore glucose flux through the main glycolytic pathway. (elifesciences.org)

Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)

Under normal physiological conditions, approximately 180 g of glucose is filtered by the kidney daily. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Under normal circumstances, the kidney filters and reabsorbs 100% of glucose, approximately 180 g (1 mole) of glucose, each day. (medscape.com)

However, in the kidney, glucose is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the tubule lumen, where it is at a relatively low concentration, passes through the simple cuboidal epithelia lining the kidney tubule, and into the bloodstream where glucose is at a comparatively high concentration. (wikipedia.org)

For over 50 years, glucose has been recognised to cross the lung epithelial barrier and be transported by lung epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)

These have a high affinity for glucose and a low capacity. (wikipedia.org)

rate of glucose entry is proportional to blood glucose levels. (wikipedia.org)

Cell genomics 2023 9 3 (9): 100377. (cdc.gov)
Cell journal 2023 8 25 (8): 536-545. (cdc.gov)
Brain communications 2023 8 5 (4): fcad216. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, the concentration gradient of glucose opposes its reabsorption, and energy is required for its transport. (wikipedia.org)
Na+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient into the columnar epithelia, co-transporting glucose. (wikipedia.org)

Active malignancy within the last 5 years. (mayo.edu)
8. History of any active malignancy within 5 years of screening except non-melanoma skin cancers. (who.int)

van Nieuw Amerongen, G. P., Koolwijk, P., Versteilen, A. & van Hinsbergh, V. W. Involvement of RhoA/Rho kinase signaling in VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro. (nature.com)
However, questions on how zinc transporters are regulated and effectively facilitate zinc flux contributing to cell signaling are largely unknown. (hindawi.com)
In addition, many of them take part in integral cell signaling processes. (helsinki.fi)

To date, T2DM still cannot be cured, and its intervention measures mainly focus on glucose control as well as the prevention and treatment of related complications. (frontiersin.org)
Obesity is frequently associated with WAT inflammation, which contributes to further ectopic fat accumulation and finally T2DM 5 . (researchsquare.com)
A comprehensive meta-analysis has concluded that the presence of T2DM is associated with approximately 10% increase of the risk to develop cancer ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Medication for T2DM mainly focuses on lowering blood glucose and treating affected organs. (sciencebiology.org)

In the distal lung, glucose transport via sodium-coupled glucose transporters predominates. (ersjournals.com)

abstract = "The subcellular distribution of glucose transporters in rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells was studied in the absence and in the presence of insulin. (ewha.ac.kr)
Plasma membrane contamination into subcellular fractions was assessed by measuring distribution of 5′‐nucleotidase and cell surface carbohydrate label. (ewha.ac.kr)
Insulin treatment did not change the subcellular distribution patterns of glucose transporters in both cell types. (ewha.ac.kr)

When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, human GLUT10 exhibited 2-deoxy- d -glucose transport with an apparent K m of ∼0.3 mmol/l ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Basal blood glucose level is approximately 5mM (5 millimolar). (wikipedia.org)
Results showed that Forxiga, when given as an oral treatment in addition to adjustable insulin in patients with inadequately-controlled T1D, demonstrated significant and clinically-meaningful reductions from baseline in average blood glucose levels HbA1c (primary endpoint), weight and total daily insulin dose (secondary endpoints) at 24 weeks(1,2,3), at both 5mg and 10mg doses. (worldpharmanews.com)
2-4 Guidelines recommend a target glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) of 7% or less, but a large number of patients fail to meet this target and, as of yet, no ideal pharmacological blood glucose-lowering agent exists. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Prostaglandins are hormone-like compounds produced in body tissue that help control blood pressure, smooth muscle activity, inflammation, glandular secretion, calcium movement, hormone regulation, and cell growth control. (bodybuilding.com)
Also, Blood sugar at 562 took 40 units of novolog every day around 4 How Do Blood Sugar Levels Work to 5 am, your body Does gavilyte c increase blood sugar releases hormones as it is getting ready to wake up. (avidreadery.com)
which is characterized by a shortage of red blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
where it transports a simple sugar called glucose into cells from the blood or from other cells for use as fuel. (medlineplus.gov)
Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of anormal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)
In health individuals this equates to a blood glucose concentration of approximately 200mg/dL (11mmol/L), which is believed to be threshold for the appearance of glucosuria. (medscape.com)
Nerve cells and sensory organs are very sensitive to changes in blood flow. (bvsalud.org)

The PPAR/RXR dimer then binds to a peroxisome proliferators-response element (Staels and Fruchart 2005), a DNA-specific sequence of which many types exist. (bodybuilding.com)
When it reaches the liver, bilirubin is transported into liver cells, where it binds to ligandin. (medscape.com)

It is only recently that we and others have begun to investigate glucose transport as an important mechanism for maintaining a nutrient-depleted environment in the lung lumen to limit the growth of pathogenic organisms. (ersjournals.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms5

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes13

Information Science3

Uptake23

Metabolism24

Diabetes54

GLUT6

Gene20

Homeostasis8

SGLT26

Small intestine2

Translocation4

GLUT47

Skeletal muscle1

SGLT12

GLUT27

Metabolic10

Molecules4

Reabsorption of glucose3

Inhibitors2

20181

Amino1

Facilitative3

Intracellular1

Insulin resistance4

Diabetic3

Plasma glucose3

Concentrations11

GLUT13

Mechanisms3

Fructose5

Inhibition1

Basolateral3

Apical1

Proximal5

Proteins4

Pancreatic1

Tissues1

Obese3

Cellular8

Genes1

Inhibitor1

Pyruvate1

Membranes1

Glycolytic1

Renal glucose1

Approximately 1802

Kidney1

Epithelial cells1

Affinity1

Rate of glucose1

20233

Concentration gradient2

Malignancy2

Signaling3

T2DM4

Distal1

Subcellular3

GLUT101

Blood10

Binds2

Mechanism1