Causes ozone. Medical search. Frequent questions

In January 2011, the Ozone Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme released its latest report and noted that the Protocol has "protected the stratospheric ozone layer from much higher levels of depletion. (nasa.gov)
Ozone depletion was significantly worse than in 2019, but better than in the early 2000s. (nasa.gov)
The temperature of the stratosphere is one of the key factors in the springtime depletion of ozone above the Antarctic where in winter it gets colder than anywhere else on Earth, encouraging icy particles to form in polar stratospheric clouds. (newscientist.com)
In 1987, following the discovery that these compounds were responsible for the ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the international community adopted the Montreal Protocol which banned the production of CFCs and halons as well as related ozone depleting chemicals. (mongabay.com)
Because the ozone layer prevents most harmful UVB wavelengths of ultraviolet light from entering the Earth's atmosphere, ozone depletion is a significant concern. (mongabay.com)
Year-to-year weather variability significantly impacts Antarctica ozone because warmer stratospheric temperatures can reduce ozone depletion," said Paul A. Newman, chief scientist for atmospheres at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.Scientists are working to determine if the ozone hole trend over the last decade is a result of temperature increases or chorine declines. (nasa.gov)
Furthermore, the current state of the ozone and the possible consequences of its depletion are also important to understand. (holidays.net)
Environmental activists often organize demonstrations on September 16th to increase awareness and promote better actions to help decrease ozone depletion. (holidays.net)
That reaction causes depletion the ozone layer until early December. (slashgear.com)
in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 . (nature.com)
Decline in the tropospheric abundance of halogen from halocarbons: Implications for stratospheric ozone depletion. (nature.com)
in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010 . (nature.com)
For the first, between 1979 and 1994, we saw that stratospheric ozone depletion was significant with higher levels in the north of the peninsula," states Antón. (sciencedaily.com)
According to the study, the effects of depletion were felt more in cities such as Barcelona, Santander and La Coruña who all saw a reduction in ozone levels of approximately 4% per decade due to dynamic factors in the stratosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
Causes and effects of stratospheric ozone reduction : an update , a report / prepared by the Committee on Chemistry and Physics of Ozone Depletion and the Committee on Biological Effects of Increased Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, Environmental Studies Board, Commission on Natural Resources, National Research Council. (who.int)
Health and climate change : modelling the impacts of global warming and ozone depletion / Pim Martens. (who.int)
They can also affect the number of ice crystals in the cloud and therefore ozone depletion. (lu.se)

Good" ozone occurs naturally about 10 to 30 miles above the Earth's surface. (medlineplus.gov)
Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet (UV) light and electrical discharges within the Earth's atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
While this makes ozone a potent respiratory hazard and pollutant near ground level, a higher concentration in the ozone layer (from two to eight ppm) is beneficial, preventing damaging UV light from reaching the Earth's surface. (wikipedia.org)
But Earth's ozone layer has been damaged by well-intentioned chemicals-chlorofluorocarbons, used for refrigerants and aerosol spray-cans-that have the unintended consequence of destroying ozone molecules. (nasa.gov)
Earth's atmosphere contains an unexpectedly large amount of an ozone-depleting compound from an unknown source decades after the compound was banned worldwide.The compound, carbon tetrachloride, was used in applications such as dry cleaning and as a fire-extinguishing agent, until its regulation in 1987 under the Montreal Protocol along with other chlorofluorocarbons that destroy ozone and contribute to the ozone hole over Antarctica. (nasa.gov)
Since its launch in 2004, Aura has monitored the Earth's atmosphere and provided data on the ozone layer, air quality, and greenhouse gases associated with climate change. (nasa.gov)
The Earth's ozone layer prevents most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet light from reaching the ground, protecting all the life forms on the planet's surface. (livescience.com)
According to IMK studies, occurrence of the Arctic ozone hole was mainly due to the extraordinarily cold temperatures in the ozone layer that is located at about 18 km height in the stratosphere, i.e. the second layer of Earth's atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
He points out that the increase in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases will warm up the bottom air layers near the ground due to the reflection of part of the thermal radiation by the bottom layer of the atmosphere towards Earth's surface, but also result in a cooling of the air layers of the stratosphere above, where the ozone layer is located. (sciencedaily.com)
You remember ozone holes: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from aerosol cans and refrigerators deplete the earth's protective ozone layer and thus allow more ultraviolet radiation through, elevating the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and other maladies. (zdnet.com)
The ozone layer is just one of the layers within Earth's atmosphere. (holidays.net)
This thinning out of Earth's important ozone layer is what resulted in many aerosols being reformulated to help reduce the rate that ozone is being depleted. (slashgear.com)
The ozone layer absorbs high-energy UV rays preventing them from reaching the earth's surface. (news-medical.net)
Catalytic destruction of the ozone layer, therefore, increases the amount of UV radiation act the earth's surface, exacerbating the risk-averse health effects. (news-medical.net)
The ozone layer is a region of the atmosphere located between 15 and 30 kilometers above the earth's surface. (news-medical.net)
A decreased ozone layer increases the amount of UVA and UVB reaching the earth's surface. (msdmanuals.com)

Breathing in ground-level ozone can be harmful to your health. (cdc.gov)
The good news is there's a lot you can do to protect yourself and your family from the health effects caused by ground-level ozone. (cdc.gov)
When ground-level ozone levels are high, take steps to limit the amount of air you breathe in while you're outside. (cdc.gov)
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are a precursor to ground-level ozone, a pernicious pollutant that is harmful to human health and ecosystems. (rff.org)
BASF Catalysts' PremAir technology is the first commercial product that destroys harmful, ground-level ozone already in the air. (basf.com)
PremAir destroys up to 80% of harmful, ground-level ozone in the air that passes across it. (basf.com)
Ground-level ozone is the main component of smog and is directly linked to respiratory problems and damage to vegetation. (basf.com)
In contrast to the stratospheric ozone, which acts as a filter against harmful radiation, the tropospheric or ground-level ozone found in the lowest layer of the atmosphere is a secondary pollutant. (sciencedaily.com)
Heat and light from the sun stimulate such processes which is why ground-level ozone is such a common pollutant in Spain. (sciencedaily.com)
But ground-level ozone can be bad for your health and the environment. (cdc.gov)
Ground-level ozone is one of the biggest parts of smog. (cdc.gov)

It is present in very low concentrations throughout the latter, with its highest concentration high in the ozone layer of the stratosphere, which absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. (wikipedia.org)
Paul Newman, a lead ozone researcher at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., said this year, warmer-than-normal temperatures around the edge of the polar vortex that forms annually in the stratosphere over Antarctica are responsible for the smaller ozone loss. (nasa.gov)
Butchart of the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Keith Shine of the University of Reading calculate that if the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles - as is likely to happen by the middle of the 21st century - almost all the ozone in the lower stratosphere above the Arctic will be destroyed (Nature, 19 November, p 221). (newscientist.com)
Since the discovery of the ozone hole above the Antarctic, scientists have been studying the Arctic stratosphere intensively to determine how primed it is for ozone destruction. (newscientist.com)
They find that even if ozone-damaging chemicals (chiefly CFCs) are phased out in line with current international agreements, the amount of chlorine-bearing material in the stratosphere will continue to increase for several decades. (newscientist.com)
Such significant ozone loss requires very low temperatures in the stratosphere combined with sunlight. (mongabay.com)
One of the main statements in the study: If the trend to colder temperatures in the stratosphere observed in the past decades will continue, repeated occurrence of an Arctic ozone hole has to be expected. (sciencedaily.com)
Future cooling of the stratosphere would enhance and extend the impacts of these substances on the ozone layer," says Dr. Björn-Martin Sinnhuber. (sciencedaily.com)
The ozone hole above Antarctica , where the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays bust through an otherwise sunscreened stratosphere, has shrunk to its smallest size on record going back to 1982, scientists have found. (livescience.com)
When temperatures over Antarctica start to warm up, the polar clouds in the stratosphere dissipate, meaning that there's no place for those ozone-annihilating chemical reactions to take place. (livescience.com)
Here, ozone molecules absorb the UV, resulting in an increased temperature of the stratosphere. (news-medical.net)
The results show that in highly industrial areas such as the north-east of Spain, the recovery of the ozone layer was quicker thanks to the ozone contribution of the troposphere to the stratosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
Above that, at 15-50 kilometres above sea level, we have the stratosphere, which includes the ozone layer that, amongst other things, protects Earth from ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation). (lu.se)
In the stratosphere, the aerosol particles affect the ozone, causing it to break down and making the protective layer thinner. (lu.se)
Large ozone holes form over Antarctica because the stratosphere over the polar region is very cold in winter. (lu.se)

The record for mean size of the ozone hole-the greatest extent over a one-month window-was September 7 to October 13, 2006, when the hole reached 26.2 million square kilometers. (nasa.gov)
The size of the ozone hole is the area on the globe in million square km of ozone column values below 220 Dobson units (DU). (mongabay.com)
However, the ozone hole has still remained bigger than 8 million square miles since the early 1990s, with exact sizes varying from year to year.The size of the ozone hole varies due to both temperature and levels of ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
In order to get a more accurate picture of the future size of the ozone hole, scientists used NASA's AURA satellite to determine how much the levels of these chemicals in the atmosphere varied each year. (nasa.gov)
Data reveals the average size of the ozone hole between September and October of 2013 was 8.1 million square miles. (slashgear.com)
By comparison, the average size of the ozone hole since the mid-1990s was 8.7 million square miles. (slashgear.com)

In 1994, the UN General Assembly proclaimed September 16th as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer because the Montreal protocol on ozone-destroying substances was signed September 16th, 1987. (pravda.ru)
In 1974, US chemist Mario Molina advanced a theory to the effect that the ozone layer was being destroyed through the excessive use of chloro-fluoro-methane substances, i.e. freons, inside refrigerators, air conditioners and sprays. (pravda.ru)
In September 1987, 36 countries signed a protocol on ozone-depleting substances, i.e. the so-called Montreal protocol. (pravda.ru)
The ozone layer helps shield life on Earth from potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation that can cause skin cancer and damage plants.The Montreal Protocol agreement beginning in 1987 regulated ozone depleting substances, such as chlorine-containing chlorofluorocarbons and bromine-containing halons. (nasa.gov)
Data reported by companies in 2018 on 2017 transactions on the production, import and export of ozone-depleting substances in the European Union. (europa.eu)
Europe continues to phase out substances harmful to the ozone layer under the Montreal Protocol Overall efforts to reduce the use of chemicals harming the ozone layer across the European Union continued in 2017 and the EU has already achieved its goals on the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol, according to the latest data released today by the European Environment Agency (EEA). (europa.eu)
For references , please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ozone-depleting-substances-2018 or scan the QR code. (europa.eu)
According to these studies, further cooling of the ozone layer may enhance the influence of ozone-destroying substances, e.g. chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), such that repeated occurrence of an ozone hole above the Arctic has to be expected. (sciencedaily.com)
Also called the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, this holiday also commemorates the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. (holidays.net)
One of the first public actions taken to help preserve the ozone was through the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. (holidays.net)
In the 1980s, health impacts of ozone-depleting substances (ODS)-induced changes in the stratospheric ozone on the US population were studied by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (news-medical.net)
Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer , 9th edn (United Nations Environment Programme, 2012). (nature.com)
China has phased out 280,000 metric tons of ozone-depleting substances - half the total reduction by developing countries - and will launch inspections to stop the illegal production and use of one substance, CFC-11, a senior environmental protection official said. (chinadaily.com.cn)
China has attached great importance to fulfilling its obligation in ODS control since joining the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1991. (chinadaily.com.cn)
The hole in the stratospheric ozone is caused by freons being activated into ozone-depleting substances. (lu.se)

The lowest value (deepest hole) ever recorded was 73 Dobson Units on September 30, 1994, while the broadest hole occurred on September 29, 2000, when the ozone-depleted area stretched 29.9 million square kilometers. (nasa.gov)
Scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have confirmed the ozone hole over the Antarctic this September is not only much smaller than it was in 2000 and 2001, but has split into two separate "holes. (nasa.gov)
ESA reports that ozone measurements made by the Envisat satellite showed the ozone loss of 40 million tons of ozone, a level exceeding the previous record ozone loss of about 39 million tonnes for 2000. (mongabay.com)
Ozone measurements made by ESA's Envisat satellite have revealed the ozone loss of 40 million tonnes on 2 October 2006 has exceeded the record ozone loss of about 39 million tonnes for 2000. (mongabay.com)
The size of this year's ozone hole is 28 million square km, nearly as large as the record ozone hole extension during 2000, and the depth of the ozone hole is around 100 Dobson Units, rivalling the record low ozone values in 1998. (mongabay.com)
Among these, ozone concentrations have improved 33 percent from 1980 to 2013 and 18 percent from 2000 to 2013. (aapg.org)
Looking at the precursors of ozone, EPA reports that VOC emissions have declined from 17 million tons per year in 2000 to 14 million tons in 2013. (aapg.org)
The largest single-day ozone hole since the mid-1990s was 11.5 million square miles (29.9 million square kilometers) on Sept. 9, 2000. (slashgear.com)

Breathing bad ozone can be harmful. (medlineplus.gov)
Ozone is a protective layer found about 25 kilometres above us mostly in the stratospheric stratum of the atmosphere that acts as a sunlight filter shielding life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays. (mongabay.com)
Because ozone absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultra-violet rays… and because it is believed to be a by-product of life itself. (universetoday.com)
The EPA science advisory committee said "ample scientific evidence" exists that ozone is harmful at lower levels than previously thought, citing studies showing it decreased lung function and increased respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation even at concentrations of 70 parts per billion. (aapg.org)
Odor Crusher's Ozone Armor Clean eliminates the harmful bacteria and odor. (galls.com)
Ozone occurs naturally in the sky and helps protect us from the sun's harmful rays. (cdc.gov)

Reactions on the surfaces of these particles then release chlorine, which attacks ozone. (newscientist.com)
The hole results from the "catalytic destruction" of ozone by atomic chlorine and bromine, the source of which is primarily chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compounds known as "freons" and bromofluorocarbon compounds known as Halons. (mongabay.com)
The thinning of the ozone is caused by the presence of pollutants in the atmosphere such as chlorine, originating from man-made pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which have still not vanished from the air despite being banned under the Montreal Protocol (1987). (mongabay.com)
Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century.Research: Inorganic chlorine variability in the Antarctic vortex and implications for ozone recovery.Journal: Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, December 18, 2014.Link to paper: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022295/abstract.Here is the YouTube video. (nasa.gov)
The size of this year's hole was 24.1 million square kilometers (9.3 million square miles) - an area roughly the size of North America.With the increased atmospheric chlorine levels present since the 1980s, the Antarctic ozone hole forms and expands during the Southern Hemisphere spring (August and September). (nasa.gov)
There, chlorine compounds originating from chlorofluorocarbons (CFC, e.g. greenhouse gases and refrigerants) and other pollutants are converted chemically at temperatures below -78°C. These chemical conversion products attack the ozone layer and destroy it partly. (sciencedaily.com)
The ozone-busting chlorine gas mainly comes from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that were manufactured until the U.S. ban beginning in 1996. (livescience.com)
these chlorine atoms catalyze the destruction of the ozone. (news-medical.net)
Subsequent research over the next decade demonstrated that heterogeneous chlorine chemistry was capable of depleting more ozone relative to gas-phase processes alone as observed following the eruption of mountain Pinatubo. (news-medical.net)
The reduction in the atmospheric concentration of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) has made the second-largest contribution to the decline in the total atmospheric concentration of ozone-depleting chlorine since the 1990s 1 . (nature.com)

This thinning, which can decrease the ozone concentration by as much as 70 percent, was caused by the rampant use of human-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), organic compounds that were once widely used in cooling systems and aerosols. (livescience.com)
In 1987, the Montreal Protocol banned the use of CFCs worldwide, and despite the persistence of the ozone hole, the international agreement has had demonstrable effects. (livescience.com)
After the first discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in the mid-1980s, CFCs were rapidly identified to be the cause and their use was prohibited by the Montreal Protocol of 1987. (sciencedaily.com)
Even though it was relatively large, the area of this year's ozone hole was within the range we'd expect given the levels of manmade ozone-depleting chemicals that continue to persist in the atmosphere," said Paul Newman, chief scientist for atmospheres at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "In 2100, CFCs will still be 20 percent more abundant in the atmosphere than they were in 1950. (zdnet.com)

The measurements were made by NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments from 1979â€"2003 and by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) from 2004â€"present. (nasa.gov)
Estimates for the last two weeks of the size of the Antarctic Ozone Hole (the region with total column ozone below 220 Dobson Units), from the NASA Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EPTOMS) and the NOAA-16 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument (SBUV/2), are around 15 million square kilometers (6 million square miles). (nasa.gov)
This image shows the latest data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Earth Probe, for the month of October 1999. (nasa.gov)
These were the US satellite TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, which has provided daily images of the spatial distribution of the ozone between 1978 and 2005) and the European satellite GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment which more recently took measurements from July 1995 to June 2011). (sciencedaily.com)

Part of the good ozone layer is gone. (medlineplus.gov)
Scientists first noted in the late 1960s that the thinning stratospheric-ozone layer shielded this planet from murderous ultra-violet radiation. (pravda.ru)
In 1977, representatives of 32 countries met in Washington, subsequently finalizing the first action plan for protecting the ozone layer. (pravda.ru)
In March 1985, Vienna hosted a special conference, which passed the Vienna convention on protecting the ozone layer. (pravda.ru)
The convention made it incumbent on the world's countries to chart specific measures for the sake of reducing negative impact on the ozone layer. (pravda.ru)
In the late 1980s, governments around the world woke up to the destruction of the ozone layer and negotiated the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty to phase out ozone-depleting chemicals. (nasa.gov)
The treaty included a requirement that scientists regularly assess and report on the health of the ozone layer, particularly the annual Antarctic ozone hole . (nasa.gov)
that is, the days with the thinnest ozone layer as measured in Dobson Units (DU) . (nasa.gov)
The ozone layer outside the Polar Regions is projected to recover to its pre-1980 levels some time before the middle of this century. (nasa.gov)
that is, the days with the thinnest ozone layer. (nasa.gov)
NASA satellites have observed the Antarctic ozone hole since the late 1970s-before and after nations agreed to stop producing chemicals that destroy the ozone layer. (nasa.gov)
The same international agreement that successfully put the ozone layer on the road to recovery is now being used to address climate change. (nasa.gov)
Moreover, they said, the data are not conclusive that the ozone layer is recovering. (nasa.gov)
ESA's announcement comes a little more than a week after the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported that hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica will expand this year to 27.9 million square kilometers (10.8 million square miles), its second-highest recorded level in history. (mongabay.com)
A Dobson unit is a unit of measurement that describes the thickness of the ozone layer in a column directly above the location being measured. (mongabay.com)
A satellite view of the status of the ozone layer over the Antarctic pole on Aug. 5. (livescience.com)
The hole in the planet's ozone layer may be shifting wind patterns and cloud cover over Antarctica in a way that could be triggering slightly warmer global temperatures, a new study finds. (livescience.com)
In the early 1980s, scientists discovered a hole in the ozone layer that forms over Antarctica during the Southern Hemisphere's spring months, from September to November. (livescience.com)
Earlier this year, observations from the European Space Agency 's MetOp weather satellite indicated that the hole in the ozone layer is shrinking . (livescience.com)
Grise anticipates that as the ozone layer recovers , the jet stream will shift less. (livescience.com)
Extraordinarily cold temperatures in the winter of 2010/2011 caused the most massive destruction of the ozone layer above the Arctic so far: The mechanisms leading to the first ozone hole above the North Pole have now been investigated. (sciencedaily.com)
Extraordinarily cold temperatures in the winter of 2010/2011 caused the most massive destruction of the ozone layer above the Arctic so far: The mechanisms leading to the first ozone hole above the North Pole were studied by scientists of the KIT Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK). (sciencedaily.com)
In addition, model calculations were made to determine concrete effects of further cooling of the ozone layer. (sciencedaily.com)
We found that further decrease in temperature by just 1°C would be sufficient to cause a nearly complete destruction of the Arctic ozone layer in certain areas," says Dr. Björn-Martin Sinnhuber, main author of the study. (sciencedaily.com)
According to Sinnhuber, further development of the ozone layer will consequently be influenced also by climate change. (sciencedaily.com)
In December, the researchers started a new measurement campaign in the Arctic ozone layer in Northern Sweden using a high-altitude aircraft. (sciencedaily.com)
April 10, 2021 2016-05-05T19:50:09-04:00 https://ximage.c-spanvideo.org/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJwaWN0dXJlcy5jLXNwYW52aWRlby5vcmciLCJrZXkiOiJGaWxlc1wvODc2XC8yMDE2MDUwNTE5MzMzMzAwMV9oZC5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsiZml0IjoiY292ZXIiLCJoZWlnaHQiOjUwNn19fQ== Trump gives his opinion on whether the little things like hairspray affects the ozone layer. (c-span.org)
Trump gives his opinion on whether the little things like hairspray affects the ozone layer. (c-span.org)
Every day brings on new discoveries and now ESA's Venus Express spacecraft has delivered another… the red-hot planet has an ozone layer. (universetoday.com)
Yeah, like it's a sure thing that we know that Mars has an ozone layer. (universetoday.com)
World Ozone Layer Day is held every September 16th. (holidays.net)
World Ozone Layer Day has become even more prevalent since the turn of the century, as the latest green movement has sparked public interest and education about the effects of human activities on the ozone layer. (holidays.net)
First discovered in 1913 by physicists Henri Buisson and Charles Fabry, the ozone layer has since become a major feature of scientific studies on climate change. (holidays.net)
The Montreal Protocol was a significant step towards public awareness and action to protect the ozone layer. (holidays.net)
However, it wasn't until 1995 that the first International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer was celebrated. (holidays.net)
Education and a call for action are the main forms of World Ozone Layer Day celebrations. (holidays.net)
Education is particularly important, considering the fact that action is virtually impossible if citizens don't understand the importance of the ozone layer. (holidays.net)
Given the current state of the ozone layer, a call for action is also important. (holidays.net)
Many educational programs focus on these themes when celebrating World Ozone Layer Day. (holidays.net)
There is no official symbol for World Ozone Layer Day. (holidays.net)
Other more graphic images of environmental destruction may be used to make a point about the importance of the ozone layer. (holidays.net)
We've been hearing about the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica since the 80s. (slashgear.com)
Typically, at this time of year, the hole in the ozone - a layer made up of molecules containing three oxygen atoms - grows to about 8 million square miles (20 million square kilometers), NASA said. (livescience.com)
If higher temperatures are good for the ozone layer, does that mean that hole will get even smaller as humans pump greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? (livescience.com)
What Are the Health Benefits of Protecting the Ozone Layer? (news-medical.net)
The primary protection against solar UV radiation is the stratospheric ozone layer. (news-medical.net)
Therefore, the protection and restoration of the ozone layer are of the utmost importance to human health. (news-medical.net)
What is the Ozone Layer? (news-medical.net)
Zhao Yingmin, vice-minister of ecology and environment, made the remarks in a meeting held Monday to commemorate the 24th International Ozone Layer Protection Day, which fell on Sunday. (chinadaily.com.cn)
The International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer occurs on the 16th of September. (lu.se)
He fears that the global increase in forest fires could have a significant impact on the ozone layer. (lu.se)
The combination of these two factors leads to holes in the ozone layer and more UV radiation reaching us," explains Johan Friberg. (lu.se)

Under certain conditions, photochemical reactions between nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons in the lower atmosphere can produce ozone in concentrations high enough to cause irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes . (britannica.com)
He has a significant experience in the photocatalytic degradation of cyanides and phenol from waste streams using mixed oxides photocatalysts and ozone. (degruyter.com)
It mainly comes from the photochemical processes that transform nitrogen oxides and volatile particles from burning fossil fuels into ozone. (sciencedaily.com)
Health effects of ozone and nitrogen oxides in an integrated assessment of air pollution : proceedings of an international workshop, Eastbourne, UK, 10-12 June 1996 / United Nations Commission for Europe Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health. (who.int)
The 6 pollutants that account for the large majority of air pollution worldwide and for which standards are usually specified include carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), lead (Pb) and suspended particulate matter (SPM). (who.int)

The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASAâ€™s Aura satellite acquired data for this map of ozone concentrations over Antarctica on September 12, 2010. (nasa.gov)
The European Space Agency (ESA) said that ozone loss in Antarctica hit a record in 2006. (mongabay.com)
This year's extreme loss of ozone can be explained by the temperatures above Antarctica reaching the lowest recorded in the area since 1979," ESA Atmospheric Engineer Claus Zehner said. (mongabay.com)
In a new study, scientists from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040.Ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere cause an ozone hole to form over Antarctica during the winter months in the Southern Hemisphere. (nasa.gov)
An increase of stratospheric temperature over Antarctica would decrease the ozone hole's area. (nasa.gov)
The ozone hole (blue) can be seen here over Antarctica on Oct. 4, 2019. (livescience.com)
So, the ozone hole over Antarctica tends to be much bigger in the southern winter. (livescience.com)

This same high oxidizing potential, however, causes ozone to damage mucous and respiratory tissues in animals, and also tissues in plants, above concentrations of about 0.1 ppm. (wikipedia.org)
Ozone is an irritating pale blue gas that is explosive and toxic , even at low concentrations. (britannica.com)
Ozone levels (i.e., air concentrations) alone in scientific studies are not directly comparable to the "level" element of the NAAQS because the standard considers the level in the context of its relation to the remaining elements . (bvsalud.org)

UN Ozone Secretariat. (nasa.gov)

A 2019 review article only found four clinical studies on ozone therapy for solid tumors within the past 30 years. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To test this prediction, with data from EPA and NOAA spanning 2001-2019, we use novel empirical strategies to estimate (1) the link between hourly emissions and high-ozone events and (2) hourly marginal abatement costs. (rff.org)
After the Australian fires in 2019 and 2020, the concentration of ozone in the Southern Hemisphere fell and ozone holes formed outside the polar region. (lu.se)

On September 17, 1979 (top left), the first year in which ozone was measured by satellite, the ozone level was at 194 Dobson Units. (nasa.gov)
The WMO reports the lowest ever measurements of Antarctic stratospheric ozone - 105 Dobson units - from the South Pole a few weeks ago. (newscientist.com)
The ozone loss is the amount of ozone in megaton necessary to fill the ozone hole to 220 Dobson units (DU) over the whole area. (mongabay.com)
Arctic stratospheric ozone reached its record low level of 205 Dobson units, shown in blue and turquoise, on March 12, 2020. (nsidc.org)

Purple and dark blue areas are part of the ozone hole. (nasa.gov)
The mean ozone hole in 2010 was 22.2 million square kilometers. (nasa.gov)
The ozone hole over the Antarctic is expected to recover much later. (nasa.gov)
The impact of the Antarctic ozone hole on surface climate is becoming evident in surface temperature and wind patterns. (nasa.gov)
Ozone Hole Watch. (nasa.gov)
World of Change: Antarctic Ozone Hole. (nasa.gov)
The smaller ozone hole was strongly influenced by an unstable and warmer-than-usual Antarctic vortex. (nasa.gov)
On September 24, 2002, the Antarctic ozone hole split into two holes for the first time since satellite measurements have been taken. (nasa.gov)
In the image above, based on data acquired by EPTOMS, Dark blue and violet colors indicate the hole, an area with at least 20% less ozone than normal. (nasa.gov)
The role of carbon dioxide in depleting ozone was worked out in 1988, shortly after scientists identified the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole. (newscientist.com)
ESA notes the difference between "ozone loss" is measured by the area and the depth of the ozone hole. (mongabay.com)
2006 ozone hole as measured by the SCIAMACHY instrument onboard Envisat. (mongabay.com)
Scientists from NASA and other agencies believe that the ozone hole over the Antarctic will recover around 2068, nearly 20 years later than estimated in the late 1990s. (mongabay.com)
Ozone loss is derived by measuring the area and the depth of the ozone hole. (mongabay.com)
The size of the Antarctic ozone hole at 12:00 GMT of each day from GOME (1996-2002) and SCIAMACHY (2003-2006) Assimilated Ozone Fields. (mongabay.com)
With this new knowledge, scientists can confidently say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040. (nasa.gov)
Why is the Ozone Hole Getting Smaller? (nasa.gov)
The Antarctic ozone hole reached its annual peak size on Sept. 11, according to scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (nasa.gov)
Is the Antarctic Ozone Hole Causing Warming? (livescience.com)
Using computer models, researchers examined how the ozone hole may be altering winds in the jet stream over the Antarctic region, pushing clouds closer to the South Pole. (livescience.com)
How much the ozone hole may be warming the planet is unknown, but Grise and his colleagues estimate an increase of less than 0.09 watts per square foot (1 watt per square meter) of energy could be reaching the ground. (livescience.com)
In 2012, scientists reported that the ozone hole was smaller than it had ever been in the previous decade. (livescience.com)
About a year ago, IMK scientists, together with colleagues from Oxford, detected that ozone degradation above the Arctic for the first time reached an extent comparable to that of the ozone hole above the South Pole. (sciencedaily.com)
While CO2 grabs headlines, NASA quietly spotted the 9th largest ozone hole on record. (zdnet.com)
Spot the difference: Above, the largest ever recorded ozone hole, Sept. 2006, 10.6 million square miles. (zdnet.com)
While CO2 emissions grab the energy and environmental headlines, NASA last month spotted the ninth largest ozone hole on record. (zdnet.com)
And yet NASA spotted one of the most gaping holes on record last month when the Antarctic ozone hole reached its annual southern hemisphere spring peak on Sept. 12. (zdnet.com)
It stretched to 10.05 million square miles, the ninth largest ozone hole on record," NASA reported in a press release. (zdnet.com)
For doom-and-gloomers, the Sept. 12 ozone hole might reaffirm that it's too late to take any effective measures. (zdnet.com)
Recent research demonstrates a strong link between the persistently positive Arctic Oscillation of last winter and early spring and the record stratospheric Arctic ozone hole. (nsidc.org)
Scientists report that satellite data has now revealed a slight shrinking of the ozone hole this year. (slashgear.com)
The Antarctic ozone hole is described as a seasonal phenomenon that starts during August and satellite data shows it was smaller this year on average that over the past several decades. (slashgear.com)
Scientists are quick to point out that a single year change isn't enough data to determine if the ozone hole phenomenon has started to heal. (slashgear.com)
The ozone hole begins to form each year during the Antarctic spring when the sun begins to rise after months of winter darkness. (slashgear.com)
This year, exceptionally warm weather put the nix on ozone-smashing, keeping that ozone hole super-small. (livescience.com)
The ozone hole was so small that it wasn't even discovered until 1985. (livescience.com)
In 1985, this concern of catalytic ozone destruction was increased following the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. (news-medical.net)

From there, they are distributed by planetary winds where the oxygen atoms will either combine into two-atom oxygen molecules, or form three-atom ozone. (universetoday.com)
those atoms are considered "reactive" and can chemically destroy ozone molecules. (livescience.com)
The catalyst reduces ozone in the air that passes over coated surfaces by converting ozone molecules into oxygen molecules instantly upon contact. (basf.com)

200 nations signed up to the Montreal Protocol, which phases out the use of ozone-damaging chemicals. (zdnet.com)
As James Butler, director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Global Monitoring Division in Boulder, Colo., noted, "The manmade chemicals known to destroy ozone are slowly declining because of international action, but there are still large amounts of these chemicals doing damage. (zdnet.com)

There is quite a different atmosphere [at higher elevation] with enough ozone to sustain the necessary energy [to work]", wrote naturalist Henry Henshaw, working in Hawaii. (wikipedia.org)
Ozone is a type of oxygen present in the atmosphere. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Ozone is a gas that occurs in the atmosphere. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This ozone detection tells us a lot about the circulation and the chemistry of Venus' atmosphere," says Hakan Svedhem, ESA Project Scientist for the Venus Express mission. (universetoday.com)

ozone , (O 3 ), triatomic allotrope of oxygen (a form of oxygen in which the molecule contains three atoms instead of two as in the common form) that accounts for the distinctive odour of the air after a thunderstorm or around electrical equipment. (britannica.com)
Ozone usually is manufactured by passing an electric discharge through a current of oxygen or dry air. (britannica.com)
for example, upon liquefaction, an oxygen-ozone mixture separates into two layers, of which the denser one contains about 75 percent ozone. (britannica.com)
Ozone therapy delivers ozone into the body with the aim of increasing oxygen levels and fighting cancer cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Ozone therapy is an alternative therapy that claims to affect the immune system and reverse low-oxygen levels that may allow cancer cells to grow. (medicalnewstoday.com)
According to a 2022 article , the aim of ozone therapy is to increase oxygen levels in the blood by administering ozone into the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Increasing the levels of oxygen with ozone may damage or kill the cancer cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers state that there is a strong case for ozone reducing tumor hypoxemia, which is a low level of oxygen that may increase tumor survival and growth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Ozone is a molecule that consists of three oxygen atoms. (livescience.com)
NOx and other pollutants react with sunlight, rearranging their molecular structure to become ozone, a highly reactive three-atom oxygen molecule that damages lung tissue. (sltrib.com)
Ozone, or O3, is the tri-atomic form of oxygen. (galls.com)
The ozone attacks and kills all bacteria and odor through oxidation, and then converts safely back into standard oxygen, leaving your gear scent-free. (galls.com)

On October 7, 1989 (top right), the year that the Montreal Protocol went into force, ozone dropped to 108 DU. (nasa.gov)
For CO2 optimists, the Montreal Protocol on ozone improvement provides hope. (zdnet.com)
According to Manuel Antón from the Department of Applied Physics of the University of Granada, "although these types of emissions were banned by the 1987 Montreal Protocol, our study reveals that stratospheric ozone did not show signs of recovery until 1995. (sciencedaily.com)

The plant, and two others in Utah, could face early retirement under a ozone-reduction plan imposed on Utah by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (sltrib.com)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will soon announce the results of its review of the existing regulations and possibly announce tightening of ozone limits. (aapg.org)
The Environmental Protection Agency is proposing to cut ozone levels to 65 to 70 parts per billion (ppb), down from the current 75. (nfib.com)
The AQI tells you about five major air pollutants in the U.S. that are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency, including ozone and particle pollution . (cdc.gov)
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) issues National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for six criteria pollutants , including ozone . (bvsalud.org)
Ambient air pollution exposures were assessed based on maternal residential addresses using monthly averages of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), PM ≤ 10 μm (PM 10 ), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) monitoring stations. (medscape.com)

This working paper considers a differentiated NOx emissions price that varies according to the hourly and region-specific propensity to cause high-ozone events and finds it is substantially more cost effective at reducing these events. (rff.org)
Despite decades of regulations and a precipitous decline in NOx emissions, episodic high-ozone events prevent many areas from attaining air quality standards. (rff.org)
This rule has been applied to Eastern states to reduce ozone-forming emissions that leave power plants and cross state lines. (sltrib.com)
Lower limits will certainly force many state and local governments to impose additional requirements to reduce emissions of the compounds that form ozone. (aapg.org)
For example, ozone levels showed positive trends with greater recovery levels (2.5% per decade) in the north-east of the Peninsula where levels were higher than other regions due to industrial emissions. (sciencedaily.com)

Feds set to impose 'good neighbor' rule that would require costly emission controls on coal plants in Utah and Wyoming needed to limit ozone pollution in Colorado. (sltrib.com)
Greater pollution reductions are still needed, beyond what EPA has proposed, to ensure that no one is forced to breathe unsafe air in part due to interstate ozone transport. (sltrib.com)
Real-world data on ozone values and trends demonstrate that ozone pollution is worse than EPA has projected. (sltrib.com)
Moderate Dallas-Fort Worth air quality levels Wednesday were caused by ash-related particle pollution and increased ozone. (dallasnews.com)
A combination of particle pollution and increased ozone levels are responsible for the current air quality. (dallasnews.com)
The National Weather Service had determined that atmospheric conditions in the area were expected to be favorable for producing high levels of ozone air pollution. (dallasnews.com)
Ozone pollution is expected to continue making air quality unhealthy for sensitive populations through Saturday. (dallasnews.com)
To limit further ozone pollution, Air North Texas recommends Dallas and Fort-Worth residents take public transportation, bike or walk during their commute when possible. (dallasnews.com)
L' Ozone, indicateur majeur de la pollution photochimique, en France : évaluation et gestion des risques sur la santé. (who.int)
Ozone and particle pollution may harm the health of hundreds of thousands of Americans each year. (cdc.gov)

In addition, cars, trucks, planes and construction and agricultural equipment can emit ozone-forming compounds. (nfib.com)

This warming that occurred is great news for the Southern Hemisphere because ozone is going to be higher and UV levels will be lower," Paul Newman, chief scientist for Earth Sciences at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, told Live Science. (livescience.com)

In standard conditions, ozone is a pale blue gas that condenses at cryogenic temperatures to a dark blue liquid and finally a violet-black solid. (wikipedia.org)
Ozone's instability with regard to more common dioxygen is such that both concentrated gas and liquid ozone may decompose explosively at elevated temperatures, physical shock, or fast warming to the boiling point. (wikipedia.org)
A long-term decrease in ozone might systematically affect stratospheric temperatures so that the beginning of winter could be colder than in our simulation,' say Austin and his colleagues. (newscientist.com)
However, it is not yet possible to predict whether temperatures will be low enough over a longer term to cause a comparably large degradation of ozone in this winter. (sciencedaily.com)

Global ozone and ozone in the Arctic and Antarctic is no longer decreasing, but is not yet increasing. (nasa.gov)

Without enough good ozone, people may get too much ultraviolet radiation. (medlineplus.gov)

In a seminal paper published in 1974, Molinda and Rowland described efficient catalytic destruction of the ozone as a consequence of human-made chlorofluoromethanes. (news-medical.net)
BASF Catalysts' breakthrough PremAir ozone-destruction catalysts are also featured on most Volvo cars, and on certain BMW, Mercedes and Hyundai models. (basf.com)

Stratospheric ozone, which filters out UV radiation, especially shorter wavelengths, is depleted by man-made chlorofluorocarbons (eg, in refrigerants and aerosols). (msdmanuals.com)

These show that just such a long-term decrease is taking place, and that there were unusually low values of ozone concentration in 1992 between latitudes 50 degrees North and 60 degrees North, covering Northern Europe, Russia and Canada. (newscientist.com)

Ozone (/ˈoʊzoʊn/) (or trioxygen) is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula O 3. (wikipedia.org)
By default, these names pay no regard to the radicality of the ozone molecule. (wikipedia.org)

DU stands for the total thickness of ozone in a given vertical column if it were concentrated into a single slab at standard temperature and atmospheric pressure - 400 DUs is equivalent to a thickness of four millimetres, for example. (mongabay.com)

Carefully follow your asthma management plan on days when ozone levels are high. (cdc.gov)
Think about spending more time indoors, where ozone levels are usually lower. (cdc.gov)
Plan outdoor activities at times when ozone levels are lower (usually in the morning and evening). (cdc.gov)
Vast swaths of Florida fail to meet a new limit that environmentalists are seeking for ozone levels, according to a report from the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM). (nfib.com)
Both in service and new units can be optimized for low levels of ozone, down to 2 ppb repeatably to meet 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix A requirements at NCORE and trace sites! (environmental-expert.com)
Antón says that "we have seen that the troposphere ozone contributes in recovering total ozone levels. (sciencedaily.com)
However, the authors of the study warn that "other anthropogenic effects could complicate the recovery process and result in areas with altered ozone levels. (sciencedaily.com)
Using the AQI, you can plan your run for when ozone levels will be lower, shorten your run or walk instead, or run on a treadmill indoors. (cdc.gov)
When ozone levels are above the national standard, everyone should try to limit their contact with it by reducing the amount of time spent outside. (cdc.gov)
Such considerations can make it difficult to compare ozone levels and results across studies and to appropriately apply them in a NAAQS evaluation. (bvsalud.org)

By picking apart the wavelengths, ozone was detected through its absorption of ultraviolet light. (universetoday.com)

NASA's data was supplied by instruments aboard the Aura satellite as well as the Ozone Monitoring and Profiler Suite instrument aboard the NASA-NOAA Suomi National Over-orbiting Partnership satellite. (slashgear.com)
Developed from NASA based research, Odor Crusher's Ozone Activated Technology effectively eliminates all odors on your gear. (galls.com)

Over the last decade the ozone level has lowered by about 0.3% per year on a global scale, increasing the risk of skin cancer, cataracts and harm to marine life. (mongabay.com)

You can use the AQI to plan your daily activities to reduce exposure to ozone. (cdc.gov)
This can be seen with controlled human ozone exposure studies, which often involved small numbers of people exercising quasi-continuously for a long duration at an intensity not common in the general population (and unlikely achievable by most sensitive individuals), under worst-case exposure profiles. (bvsalud.org)
Relating patterns and circumstances of exposure, and exposure measurements, to all elements of the NAAQS can be challenging, but if US EPA fully undertook this, it would be evident that available evidence does not indicate that proposed lower ozone standards would be more health protective than the current one. (bvsalud.org)
Overall, a higher risk of PPD was associated with ozone exposure during the entire pregnancy and postpartum periods and with PM exposure during the late pregnancy and postpartum periods. (medscape.com)

Unlike regulations that target specific sectors, a new ozone standard would directly affect virtually every sector of the economy because a wide range of stationary, mobile and area sources emit ozone precursors," the NAM report stated. (nfib.com)

The next three decades will see an end of the era of big ozone holes. (nasa.gov)
Remember ozone holes? (zdnet.com)
It has been measuring ozone holes for over 30 years. (zdnet.com)

Ozone is a powerful oxidant (far more so than dioxygen) and has many industrial and consumer applications related to oxidation. (wikipedia.org)

For much of the second half of the 19th century and well into the 20th, ozone was considered a healthy component of the environment by naturalists and health-seekers. (wikipedia.org)

This possibility is set in a disturbing context by the latest measurements of stratospheric ozone by the World Meteorological Organization. (newscientist.com)
Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project-Report No. 52, Ch. 5, 5.1-5.56 (World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 2011). (nature.com)

Estimation of risk of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient red cells to ozone and nitrogen dioxide : investigator's final report / by Marie A. Amoruso. (who.int)
Effects of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on human lung proteinase inhibitors / David A. Johnson. (who.int)
Positive associations were observed between PPD ozone (adjusted odds ration [aOR], 1.09), PM 10 (aOR, 1.02), and PM 2.5 (aOR, 1.02), with no statistically significant association with nitrogen dioxide. (medscape.com)

You have sort of this tug-of-war between the jet being pulled equatorward during the summer because of the ozone recovery and the greenhouse gases pulling the jet further poleward," Grise said. (livescience.com)

Ozone is the treatment of the 21st century,' she says presciently. (lifepositive.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes7

Health Care12

Geographicals1

Depletion17

Earth's16

Ground-level11

Stratosphere15

Size of the ozone hole6

Substances15

20008

Harmful6

Chlorine10

CFCs4

Total Ozone Mappin4

Layer52

Oxides5

Antarctica7

Concentrations3

Secretariat1

20193

Dobson Units4

Hole37

Molecules3

Chemicals2

Atmosphere4

Oxygen12

Montreal Protocol3

Environmental Protec6

Emissions5

Pollution10

Compounds1

Hemisphere1

Temperatures4

Arctic1

Ultraviolet radiation1

Destruction2

Chlorofluorocarbons1

Decrease1

Molecule2

Atmospheric1

Levels10

Wavelengths1

NASA2

Decade1

Exposure4

Precursors1

Holes3

Oxidation1

20th1

World Meteorologic2

Nitrogen3

Greenhouse1

21st century1