- criteria air pollut
- The trends shown are for criteria air pollutants (CAPs) and precursors covered by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), excluding lead. (epa.gov)
- Criteria air Pollutants (CAP), or criteria pollutants, are a set of air pollutants that cause smog, acid rain, and other health hazards. (wikipedia.org)
- The history of each criteria air pollutant is listed below: The six criteria air pollutants were the first set of pollutants recognized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as needing standards on a national level. (wikipedia.org)
- particulate matter
- In April 2001, the EPA created a Second External Review Draft of the Air Quality Criteria for PM, which addressed updated studies done on particulate matter and the modified pollutant standards done since the First External Review Draft. (wikipedia.org)
- Similarly, emissions of other key pollutants from the electricity generating sector also fell significantly in 2009 - for example, NO x and primary particulate matter (PM) both by around 10 % between 2008 and 2009. (ecnmag.com)
- Particulate matter (PM) in the atmospheric air or in any other gas cannot be expressed in terms of ppmv, ppbv, volume percent or mole percent. (wikipedia.org)
- It is a primary component of particulate matter in air pollution that is the major environmental cause of premature death globally. (wikipedia.org)
- Notable pollutants include the following groups or compounds: Mercury Hg Persistent organic pollutants POPs Ozone Ozone Particulate matter PM Environmental Persistent Pharmaceutical Pollutants EPPP Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs Volatile organic compounds VOCs Light pollution is the impact that anthropogenic light has on the visibility of the night sky. (wikipedia.org)
- The National Emissions Inventory in the U.S. and the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory (APEI) in Canada compile annual emissions of air pollutants that contribute to smog, acid rain, greenhouse gases and diminished air quality including particulate matter (PM), sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), cadmium, lead, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins and furans, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). (wikipedia.org)
- persistent organic po
- The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, which entered into force in 2004, is an international legally binding agreement for the control of persistent organic pollutants. (wikipedia.org)
- emissions of air
- However, due to several factors, including new regulations, process changes and economic factors, the latest information from 1999 indicates that only 6% of emissions of air toxic pollutants are from major sources. (ct.gov)
- There are two types of stationary sources that generate routine emissions of air toxics: "Major" sources are defined as sources that emit 10 or more tons per year of any of the listed toxic air pollutants, or 25 or more tons per year of a mixture of air toxics. (wikipedia.org)
- gaseous pollutants
- Although ppmv and mg/m3 have been used for the examples in all of the following sections, concentrations such as ppbv (i.e., parts per billion by volume), volume percent, mole percent and many others may also be used for gaseous pollutants. (wikipedia.org)
- Some gaseous pollutants and particles are initially removed as they pass over the liquid sprays. (wikipedia.org)
- By moving the process gas through the spray, particles and gaseous pollutants can subsequently be collected. (wikipedia.org)
- however, they can also remove gaseous pollutants that are present in the exhaust stream. (wikipedia.org)
- smog
- That is the visible simplicity of smog outside, but how about the air in your own homes or where you work? (environmental-expert.com)
- In absence of more detailed data, this can be a very coarse parameter for pollution (e.g. for summer smog or indoor air pollution). (wikipedia.org)
- hazardous
- On May 13, 2005, the EPA issued direct final amendments to the national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for Miscellaneous Coating Manufacturing. (federalregister.gov)
- The National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, also using the acronym NESHAP, are emissions standards set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency-EPA. (wikipedia.org)
- The USEPA regulates the following hazardous air pollutants via the MACT standards: For all listings above which contain the word "compounds" and for glycol ethers, the following applies: Unless otherwise specified, these listings are defined as including any unique chemical substance that contains the named chemical (i.e., antimony, arsenic, etc.) as part of that chemical's infrastructure. (wikipedia.org)
- This includes the minimization of waste and hazardous by-products, air pollution, energy expenditure and other factors. (wikipedia.org)
- Any major pollution sources must abide by the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), by using the "Maximum Achievable Control Technology" (MACT) specified for their industry. (wikipedia.org)
- However, under the act, major sources of hazardous air pollutants are required to obtain a "Title V" permit to ensure that the minimum standards are in place under the regulations, while area sources are not. (wikipedia.org)
- The National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants are additional emission standards that are set by EPA for toxic air pollutants. (wikipedia.org)
- particulates
- For example, forest fires produce air toxics, such as particulates and volatile organic compounds. (ct.gov)
- Medical Xpress) -- A study by the University of Otago, Wellington has found that smoking on city street footpaths increases the amount of dangerous fine particulates in city air. (medicalxpress.com)
- They found that when smokers were observed, at an average distance of 2.6 metres, there was an average 70% more fine particulates in the air (PM2.5 or less than 2.5mm in diameter) than when there were no smokers around. (medicalxpress.com)
- nitrogen
- Paper production also leads to air pollution, as paper manufacturing releases nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). (wikipedia.org)
- 1990
- Major sources of air toxics are stationary sources that emit or have the potential to emit 10 tons or more per year of any one of the 188 air toxics listed in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (Act), or 25 tons or more per year of combined air toxics. (ct.gov)
- In 1990, the EPA estimated that major sources emit 30% of all man-made air toxic emissions in the United States. (ct.gov)
- Despite great gains in fuel economy and the efficacy of air pollution control equipment over the past twenty years, the EPA estimated in 1990 that mobile sources emit 39% of all man-made air toxic emissions in the United States. (ct.gov)
- State Average Annual Emissions Trend (1 pg, 2 MB) Criteria pollutants State Tier 1 for 1990 - 2016. (epa.gov)
- The EPA established the NAAQS according to Sections 108 and 109 of the U.S. Clean Air Act, which was last amended in 1990. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1990, a Lead Staff Paper was prepared by the EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OPQPS), which was based on information presented in the 1986 Lead/AQCD/Addendum and 1990 Supplement, in addition to other OAQPS sponsored lead exposure/risk analyses. (wikipedia.org)
- The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments direct EPA to set standards for all major sources of air toxics (and some area sources that are of particular concern). (wikipedia.org)
- toxic
- There are many sources of toxic air pollutants in Connecticut. (ct.gov)
- Area sources of air toxics are stationary sources smaller than major sources, which emit less than 10 tons per year of any single air toxic or less than 25 tons per year of combined air toxics. (ct.gov)
- Mobile sources emit toxic air pollutants through the incomplete combustion of fuel and through the evaporation of fuel. (ct.gov)
- However, estimates based on 1999 information indicate that 64% of toxic air pollutant emissions originate from mobile sources, 38% from on-road and 26 % from non-road. (ct.gov)
- These sources may release air toxics from equipment leaks, when materials are transferred from one location to another, or during discharge through emission stacks or vents "Area" sources consist of smaller-size facilities that release lesser quantities of toxic pollutants into the air. (wikipedia.org)
- Area sources are defined as sources that do not emit more than 10 tons per year of a single air toxic or more than 25 tons per year of a combination of air toxics. (wikipedia.org)
- Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR) are systems to collect and disseminate information on environmental releases and transfers of toxic chemicals from industrial and other facilities. (wikipedia.org)
- Of the releases to air by the pulp and paper industry, 60% were methanol which is not a persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemical and is not a carcinogen. (wikipedia.org)
- Annual Emissions
- The European Pollutant Emission Register is a type of PRTR providing access to information on the annual emissions of industrial facilities in the Member States of the European Union, as well as Norway. (wikipedia.org)
- SLCPs
- KATHMANDU -- The Himalayan countries of Nepal and Bhutan will, in 2013, have two permanent air monitoring observatories set up by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) as part of a programme to reduce black carbon and other short-lived climate-forcing pollutants (SLCPs). (environmental-expert.com)
- The Climate and Clean Air Coalition, launched by the United Nations Environment Programme in 2011 to reduce SLCPs, has now grown to 33 member-countries. (environmental-expert.com)
- Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) are agents that have relatively short lifetime in the atmosphere - a few days to a few decades - and a warming influence on climate. (wikipedia.org)
- ambient air
- The Clean Air Act requires the EPA to set US National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the six CAPs. (wikipedia.org)
- The majority of CO emitted into the ambient air is from mobile sources. (wikipedia.org)
- In October, the AQMesh distributor in Germany - Envilyse - was personally invited to Austria to take part in an annual conference for the ambient air community. (environmental-expert.com)
- During the two-day event, members from the Austrian monitoring networks delivered lectures and shared information on current ambient air monitoring issues. (environmental-expert.com)
- Regulations that define and limit the concentration of pollutants in the ambient air or in gaseous emissions to the ambient air are issued by various national and state (or provincial) environmental protection and occupational health and safety agencies. (wikipedia.org)
- The standards are for air pollutants not covered by National Ambient Air Quality Standards-NAAQS, that may cause an increase in fatalities or in serious, irreversible, or incapacitating illness. (wikipedia.org)
- Air pollutant emission factors are representative values that attempt to relate the quantity of a pollutant released to the ambient air with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. (wikipedia.org)
- 1970
- The latest version of the 1970 - 2016 data show the trends for Tier 1 categories which distinguish pollutant emission contributions among major source types. (epa.gov)
- These standards are authorized by Section 112 of the 1970 Clean Air Act and the regulations are published in 40 CFR Parts 61 and 63. (wikipedia.org)
- Congress passed the 1970 Clean Air Act to ensure that the general public was protected from harmful levels of criteria pollutants, established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (wikipedia.org)
- harmful
- Tropospheric ozone is a harmful pollutant that has detrimental impacts on human health and plants and is responsible for important reductions in crop yields. (wikipedia.org)
- Fund pollutants are not destroyed, but rather converted into less harmful substances, or diluted/dispersed to non-harmful concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
- Methane is excluded in air-pollution contexts because it is not harmful. (wikipedia.org)
- concentrations
- Air pollutant concentrations, as measured or as calculated by air pollution dispersion modeling, must often be converted or corrected to be expressed as required by the regulations issued by various governmental agencies. (wikipedia.org)
- All of the concentrations and concentration corrections in this article apply only to air and other gases. (wikipedia.org)
- Air pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m3, µg/m3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude. (wikipedia.org)
- Surface pollutants cause damage by concentrations of the pollutant accumulating near the Earth's surface Global pollutants cause damage by concentrations in the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
- originate
- Sources: USEPA's original list & Modifications Most air toxics originate from human-made sources, including mobile sources (e.g., cars, trucks, buses) and stationary sources (e.g., factories, refineries, power plants), as well as indoor sources (e.g., building materials and activities such as cleaning). (wikipedia.org)
- pollution control
- Cyclonic spray scrubbers are an air pollution control technology. (wikipedia.org)
- Air Pollution Control Technology. (wikipedia.org)
- Baffle spray scrubbers are a technology for air pollution control. (wikipedia.org)
- heavy metals
- Indeed, Hajrudin Pasic, Khairul Alam and David Bayless recently patented a new type of membranewoven from carbon, silicon and other fibers and measuring only one to three millimeters thickthat captures fine air pollutants and heavy metals more cheaply and efficiently than conventional filters. (scientificamerican.com)
- short-lived
- The Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (CCAC) was launched by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and six countries - Bangladesh, Canada, Ghana, Mexico, Sweden, and the United States - on 16 February 2012. (wikipedia.org)
- The CCAC aims to catalyze rapid reductions in short-lived climate pollutants to protect human health, agriculture and the environment. (wikipedia.org)
- The main short-lived climate pollutants are black carbon, methane and tropospheric ozone, which are the most important contributors to the human enhancement of the global greenhouse effect after CO2. (wikipedia.org)
- These short-lived climate pollutants are also dangerous air pollutants, with various detrimental impacts on human health, agriculture and ecosystems. (wikipedia.org)
- Other short-lived climate pollutants include some hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). (wikipedia.org)
- Short-lived climate pollutants are largely to blame. (wikipedia.org)
- Fast actions on short-lived climate pollutants, such as the widespread adoption of advanced cookstoves and clean fuels, have the potential to prevent over 2 million of premature deaths each year. (wikipedia.org)
- Rapidly reducing short-lived climate pollutants, for instance through the collection of landfill gas or the recovery of methane from coal mines, has the potential to avoid the annual loss of more than 30 million tons of crops. (wikipedia.org)
- emit
- These sources emit air toxics through various means, including emissions stacks and vents, fugitive process emissions, equipment leaks, material transfer and handling, or accidental releases. (ct.gov)
- Design for disposal or reuse: The end-of-life of a product is very important, because some products emit dangerous chemicals into the air, ground and water after they are disposed of in a landfill. (wikipedia.org)
- atmospheric
- The equation for the estimation of emissions before emission reduction controls are applied is: E = A × EF and for emissions after reduction controls are applied: E = A × EF × (1-ER/100) Emission factors are used by atmospheric dispersion modelers and others to determine the amount of air pollutants being emitted from sources within industrial facilities. (wikipedia.org)
- The Global Atmospheric Pollution (GAP) Forum Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory Manual, Version 1.7, Oct 2010. (wikipedia.org)
- gases
- The Convenient and Economical ALL-IN-ONE Instrument provides the latest in Indoor Air Quality Monitoring & Real-time Data Logging for IAQ analysis in Homes, Schools, Offices, & much more The AQ Comfort Includes: Innovative IAQ Tool for HVAC Professionals Provide your own "Comfort" Audit Measures CO2 & CO Gases Monitors: Temp, % RH, Dew Point, Wet Bulb REAL-TIME DATALOGGING Compact, Handheld. (environmental-expert.com)
- Their biggest disadvantages are that they are not capable of removing submicrometer partculates and they do not efficiently absorb most pollutant gases. (wikipedia.org)
- conventional
- Conventional pollutant - U.S. Clean Water Act List of environmental issues Pollutant Standards Index. (wikipedia.org)
- Ozone
- Ozone (O3): Ozone found on the surface-level, also known as tropospheric ozone is also regulated by the NAAQS under the Clean Air Act. (wikipedia.org)
- particles
- Liquid sprays capture pollutants and also remove collected particles from the baffles. (wikipedia.org)
- indoors
- The objective was to measure the air quality outside and inside the combined showroom and workshop, demonstrating the importance of measuring common traffic-related pollutants indoors as well as outdoors. (environmental-expert.com)
- Since most people spend more time indoors than outdoors, exposure to indoor air pollutants is an important environmental hazard. (tamu.edu)
- substance
- A pollutant is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. (wikipedia.org)
- captures
- As in the irrigated cyclone, liquid captures the pollutant, is forced to the walls, and washes out. (wikipedia.org)
- concern
- It is a fact that indoor air is, in many cases, a more grievous concern than outdoor air. (environmental-expert.com)
- Given climate change, changes in wind speed are currently a potential concern for society, due to their impacts on a wide array of spheres, such as wind power generation, ecohydrological implications for agriculture and hydrology, wind-related hazards and catastrophes, or air quality and human health, among many others. (wikipedia.org)
- however, they are rarely chosen when gaseous pollutant removal is the only concern. (wikipedia.org)
- streams
- One of the major mechanisms for implementing this statute was to create a permitting process for all discharging methods that involved dumping pollutants into streams, lakes, rivers, wetlands, or creeks. (wikipedia.org)
- They use the features of both the dry cyclone and the spray chamber to remove pollutants from gas streams. (wikipedia.org)
- collect
- A number of wet-scrubber designs use energy from both the gas stream and liquid stream to collect pollutants. (wikipedia.org)
- include
- The reasons include high humidity, pollutant buildup, pesticides and VOCs. (environmental-expert.com)
- Carbon
- Fund pollutants do not cause damage to the environment unless the emission rate exceeds the receiving environment's absorptive capacity (e.g. carbon dioxide, which is absorbed by plants and oceans). (wikipedia.org)
- increases
- Patel V, Thomson G, Wilson N. Smoking increases air pollution levels in city streets: Observational and fine particulate data. (medicalxpress.com)
- The damage they cause increases as more pollutant is emitted, and persists as the pollutant accumulates. (wikipedia.org)
- cause
- However, reduced airflow in a building can cause air quality problems in three ways. (tamu.edu)
- Reduced amounts of outside air entering a building can cause the levels of air pollutants to build up over time and become greater than outdoor levels of air pollution. (tamu.edu)
- WKC Supports the Musangu Foundation with Specialist Air Quality Monitoring Services Last month, London-based Principal Consultant Barry Roberts took some time to apply his air quality monitoring expertise to a charitable cause, supporting the work undertaken by the Musangu Foundation. (environmental-expert.com)
- A pollutant may cause long- or short-term damage by changing the growth rate of plant or animal species, or by interfering with human amenities, comfort, health, or property values. (wikipedia.org)
- Local pollutants cause damage near the emission source. (wikipedia.org)
- Regional pollutants cause damage further from the emission source. (wikipedia.org)
- Many of the Chinese citizens started to wonder if air pollution is the cause of the increase of lung cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- quality
- However, it doesn't mean we are safe from poor indoor air quality at home. (environmental-expert.com)
- Poor air quality has been linked to health effects in everyone, especially infants, children, seniors and pets. (environmental-expert.com)
- The EPA has put indoor air quality on its top five concerns for our overall health. (environmental-expert.com)
- What is Indoor Air Quality? (environmental-expert.com)
- Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) refers to the degree of air purity inside buildings that constitute the usual environment in which people carry out activities (offices, homes, schools, shopping and leisure centres, etc. (environmental-expert.com)
- With the quality of indoor air ranking highly in our lives, this second, completely, revised edition now includes 12 completely new chapters addressing both chemical and analytical aspects of organic pollutants. (ebooks.com)
- This book is divided into four clearly defined parts: measuring organic indoor pollutants, investigation concepts and quality guidelines, field studies, and emission studies. (ebooks.com)
- In 1977, the EPA published a document which detailed the Air Quality Criteria for lead. (wikipedia.org)
- This is an 'unprecedented campaign' for a city with no currently functioning air quality monitoring station, Maheswar Rupakheti, group leader for SusKat at IASS Potsdam, told SciDev.Net. (environmental-expert.com)
- Today (December 10, 2017), OPSIS` President Svante Wallin is delivering a presentation at the Clean Air Forum in Abu Dhabi, on the importance of continuous air quality monitoring, challenges and solutions, and presenting some of OPSIS monitoring projects in the region. (environmental-expert.com)
- During two days, starting today, Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi and the Department of Economic Development - Abu Dhabi host the forum that aims "to improve the air quality in the country by promoting strategies and programmes that encourage. (environmental-expert.com)
- However, it is worth noting that although emissions within the EU have fallen significantly, air quality can still be quite low, particularly in urban areas. (ecnmag.com)
- The five week long study by public health researchers used a sensitive air monitor to measure air quality in the Lower Hutt shopping centre as they passed 284 people who were smoking on the footpaths. (medicalxpress.com)
- In other words, industrial air pollution sources located at altitudes well above sea level must comply with significantly more stringent air quality standards than sources located at sea level (since it is more difficult to comply with lower standards). (wikipedia.org)
- Air-Quality.org.uk. (wikipedia.org)
- Regulations
- Pollutants can cross international borders and therefore international regulations are needed for their control. (wikipedia.org)
- The rise in global environmental issues such as air and water pollution, climate change, overflowing landfills and clearcutting have all lead to increased government regulations. (wikipedia.org)
- sources
- Estimates from 1999 show that approximately 30% of air toxics are emitted from area sources. (ct.gov)
- Natural sources of air toxics are diverse and numerous. (ct.gov)
- Sources of indoor air pollutants, measurement and detection as well as evaluation are covered filling the gap in the literature caused by this topical subject. (ebooks.com)
- The authors cover physico-chemical fundamentals of organic pollutants, relevant definitions and terminology, emission sources, sampling techniques and instrumentation, exposure assessment as well as methods for control. (ebooks.com)
- The EPA concentrated on regulatory and remedial clean-up efforts to minimize Pb exposure from numerous non-air sources that caused more severe public health risks, and undertook actions to reduce air emissions. (wikipedia.org)
- Large proportions of certain pollutants come from so-called 'diffuse' sources, which are typically emitted over large areas from often indistinct sources. (ecnmag.com)
- Some governmental regulatory jurisdictions require industrial sources of air pollution to comply with sea level standards corrected for altitude. (wikipedia.org)
- Such factors facilitate estimation of emissions from various sources of air pollution. (wikipedia.org)
- exposure
- Second hand smoke exposure among nonsmokers has declined over time as clean indoor air laws have been adopted. (medicalxpress.com)
- greenhouse
- There is now a trend towards sustainability in the pulp and paper industry as it moves to reduce clear cutting, water use, greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel consumption and clean up its impacts on local water supplies and air pollution. (wikipedia.org)
- aims
- The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) aims to limit and, as far as possible, gradually reduce and prevent air pollution including long-range transboundary air pollution. (ecnmag.com)
- NAAQS
- and (5) to periodically review and revise, as appropriate, the criteria and NAAQS for a given listed pollutant or class of pollutants. (wikipedia.org)
- Lead (Pb): In the mid-1970s, lead was listed as a criteria air pollutant that required NAAQS regulation. (wikipedia.org)
- The Clean Air Act requires periodic review of NAAQS, and new scientific data published after 1977 made it necessary to revise the standards previously established in the 1977 Lead AQCD document. (wikipedia.org)
- build up over time
- But in closed-off rooms and homes, indoor air contaminants build up over time. (environmental-expert.com)
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