• By examining the plant defense responses in leaf and root, I hypothesize that aboveground herbivory induces defense gene transcript levels in both the aboveground and belowground parts of the insect-resistant maize inbred line Mp708. (psu.edu)
  • The results indicate that leaf herbivory does induce defense gene expression in insect-resistant maize leaves and roots. (psu.edu)
  • This research reveals that aboveground herbivory increases defense genes transcript levels both in aboveground and belowground parts of insect-resistant maize inbred line Mp708. (psu.edu)
  • 2018 ). In agriculture, however, farmers suffer significant crop losses from insect herbivory (Deutsch et al. (springer.com)
  • Indeed, insect herbivory early in the season can affect the community of insects surrounding that plant even after the initial attacker is gone (Poelman et al. (springer.com)
  • Natacha studied the signaling pathways involved in the plant response to insect herbivory. (unil.ch)
  • glutamate-synthase, and many other insect-responsive genes of unfamiliar function were also similarly regulated by UV-B and insect herbivory treatments. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Herbivory induces changes in plants that influence the associated insect community. (researcher.life)
  • The present study addresses the potential trade-off between plant phytochemical responses to insect herbivory and interactions with pollinators. (researcher.life)
  • Ozone pollution compromises plant defense responses to insect herbivory. (arizona.edu)
  • Bottom-up effects of plant defenses and climate on geographic variation in insect herbivory on wild cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ). (unine.ch)
  • Keying in to signs of herbivory and the presence of frass (insect droppings, which typically appear as small, dry, usually dark-colored pellets on the leaves) can help you locate larvae. (monarchmilkweedmapper.org)
  • On the plants that received higher doses of the defense-inducing spray, caterpillars started eating other caterpillars earlier, which led to higher rates of cannibalism. (the-scientist.com)
  • To prove this hypothesis, I examined changes in different defense gene expression in response to caterpillar feeding in maize whorl and root tissues. (psu.edu)
  • This could result in variations of defense gene transcript levels in response to herbivory. (psu.edu)
  • Because caterpillars are such important and tasty morsels for birds, bats, small mammals, wasps and beetles, many caterpillars have evolved extraordinary defense strategies. (carlschurzparknyc.org)
  • The effects on caterpillar growth and defense of plant quality. (lostobject.org)
  • Fabian studied the involvement of Arabidopsis transcription factors in defense against herbivory. (unil.ch)
  • Look carefully at both sides of the leaves and the stems, and keep in mind that very young caterpillars may drop off the plant as a form of defense. (monarchmilkweedmapper.org)
  • These vibrational responses of Arabidopsis trichomes support the hypothesis that trichomes respond acoustically to vibrations associated with feeding caterpillars. (plantbehavior.org)
  • We examined whole-plant tolerance and resistance responses to individual and combined effects of above and belowground herbivory under variable water conditions. (netlify.app)
  • Dispensing a Synthetic Green Leaf Volatile to Two Plant Species in a Common Garden Differentially Alters Physiological Responses and Herbivory. (arizona.edu)
  • a greenhouse study to investigate geographic variation in plant responses to herbivory/damage. (stolaf.edu)
  • 2019. Herbivory alters thermal responses of algae. (ubc.ca)
  • Quite some years ago, we revealed that plants under attack by caterpillars initiate a systemic release of specific volatiles. (unine.ch)
  • We also studied how caterpillar-induced volatiles can prime neighboring plants to prepare for incoming attack, and we identified indole as a key inducible volatile in such interactions among maize plants. (unine.ch)
  • In a paper published today (July 10) in Nature Ecology & Evolution , researchers have shown that a tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) plant's protections can encourage beet armyworm caterpillars ( Spodoptera exigua ) to cannibalize other caterpillars. (the-scientist.com)
  • We manipulated water availability and access by two common herbivores (Spodoptera exigua caterpillars and Meloidogyne incognita nematodes) to Solanum lycocarpum. (netlify.app)
  • Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars suppress herbivore-induced volatile emissions in maize. (unine.ch)
  • The caterpillars are somewhat similar to monarch caterpillars, but note the extra set of antennae halfway down the body (for a total of three pairs, opposed to the monarch's two). (monarchmilkweedmapper.org)
  • The caterpillars are very distinct and look nothing like monarch caterpillars. (monarchmilkweedmapper.org)
  • Monarch caterpillars depend on milkweed plants as their only food source, but milkweed populations have been declining in the last 20 years as more herbicides are used in agricultural fields and other milkweed habitat. (stolaf.edu)
  • Later, common milkweed ( Asclepias syriaca ) was monitored from July 29 through September 24 for plant height, vegetative stage, herbivory level, condition, monarch eggs and larvae, and the position of eggs on leaves and stems. (antioch.edu)
  • 2022. Effects of temperature on monarch caterpillar colour variation in nature. (ubc.ca)
  • In feeding trials, cabbage looper caterpillars were less likely to feed on the underside of leaves with higher cannabinoid levels. (vent-dautan.fr)
  • The Rockrose plant's choice is cool weather, hosting caterpillars on the underside of leaves on south-facing hillsides, but balmier summer conditions has prompted the butterfly to warm up to new plants such as the Dove's Foot Cranesbill. (ecosalon.com)
  • We've known for a long time that herbivores do eat other insects, but so far people studying herbivory have kind of ignored that because it's a lot easier to put herbivores in a neat bin in which they only eat plants," says Michigan State University ecologist William Wetzel , who did not participate in the study. (the-scientist.com)
  • We hypothesized that early season herbivory would result in reduced egg laying and reduced performance of the next generation of herbivores on previously attacked plants. (peercommunityin.org)
  • Within-and among-year variation in the levels of herbivory on the foliage of trees from a Mexican tropical deciduous forest. (ufrj.br)
  • The bird migration in Spring and Fall is timed to coincide with the availability of insects, and in particular caterpillars, which are little power packets of food for birds full of protein and fat,' says Desiree Narango, a conservation scientist at the Vermont Center for Ecostudies. (carlschurzparknyc.org)
  • Butterflies are ultra sensitive to climate change and therefore good models for understanding the broader scope of ecological effects linked to insects in terms of pollination and herbivory. (ecosalon.com)
  • In particular, herbivory increased total terpenoid emissions, especially for ocimene isomers. (eventscribe.net)
  • Foliar herbivory increased terpenoid concentrations in roots relative to no-herbivory plants under control water but decreased concentrations in both roots and leaves under drought. (netlify.app)
  • In plants exposed to AGBG herbivory, greater nematode infection was related to decreases in whole-plant biomass and marginal increases in total terpenoid concentration. (netlify.app)
  • Overall, we found no impact of any pesticide on immature development time and relatively weak effects on larval herbivory or survival to adulthood. (nature.com)
  • To be confident that cannibalism is what killed the caterpillars, and not just poor quality plant food, the authors had previously assessed the survival of single caterpillars on both treated and control plants over the same periods of time and found no differences. (the-scientist.com)
  • Herbivory by caterpillars can have negative impacts on plant survival, growth, and reproduction. (ucanr.edu)
  • The caterpillars showed decreased survival and growth rates in proportion to the dose of cannabinoids added to their food. (vent-dautan.fr)
  • 2) Predation and herbivory studies, capturing imagery and video evidence of predation and herbivory events on focal species. (faunaforever.org)
  • This means they are no longer solely dependent upon a single plant species, the Rockrose, which grows on south-facing slopes and absorbs the warmth the butterfly's caterpillars require. (ecosalon.com)
  • This is one of the few bird species that feeds on hairy caterpillars. (monmouthcountyparks.com)
  • Herbivory treatments included isolated above (AG) and belowground (BG) attacks, simultaneous (AGBG) attacks and no-herbivory controls. (netlify.app)
  • A `whole-plant' approach revealed that belowground herbivory is the primary driver of tolerance in plants surviving moderate water stress. (netlify.app)
  • During outbreaks, the caterpillars are capable of completely consuming preferred hosts (grasses) and, when these hosts are destroyed, they can move to adjacent non-grass plants and cause similar damage. (biotaneotropica.org.br)
  • We used a multidisciplinary approach and have combined field and greenhouse experiments to investigate effects of herbivory in plant volatile emission, nectar production, and pollinator behavior, when Pieris brassicae caterpillars were allowed to feed only on the leaves of Brassica nigra plants. (researcher.life)
  • Interactions between plants and caterpillars, which are both metabolically tied to temperature, are particularly consequential for ecosystems. (ucanr.edu)
  • An armyworm on a tomato plant DR. BRIAN CONNOLLY W hen plants come under attack-by a hungry caterpillar, for instance-many of them activate defenses that make their foliage less tasty, less nutritious, or toxic. (the-scientist.com)
  • Then the authors put armyworm caterpillars onto the plants. (the-scientist.com)
  • And they showed in the study that caterpillars on highly defended plants grew less well than those on control plants, unless the researchers gave them recently frozen caterpillars to eat, and then they grew as well as caterpillars on control plants. (the-scientist.com)
  • Abstract: Mocis latipes (GuenĂ©e, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) has been recognized as a major owlet caterpillar associated to the herbivory of gramineaceous plants across the American continent. (biotaneotropica.org.br)
  • We used a fully-crossed factorial design where plants were exposed to AMF, herbivory, and the combined factors to determine effects on host plants. (eventscribe.net)
  • Initially, herbivory reduced conductance, but after a four-week recovery period, conductance was higher in herbivore-damaged plants. (eventscribe.net)
  • Understanding how plants defend themselves may provide new information for plant breeders to select crop varieties that are better able to resist herbivory. (springer.com)
  • Plants challenged with AGBG herbivory had greater whole-plant biomass (i.e. tolerance) and lower total concentrations of defensive compounds (i.e. resistance) than plants exposed to no-herbivore controls, regardless of water conditions. (netlify.app)
  • Importantly, the capacity of plants to grow or produce terpenoids changes when herbivory level is considered. (netlify.app)
  • Natural herbivory was reduced in z3HAC-exposed lima bean plants, but not in pepper. (arizona.edu)
  • Previous herbivory had no effect on oviposition behaviour, but the weight of next generation larvae was significantly lower in previously damaged plants. (peercommunityin.org)
  • Friederike discovered that egg deposition on Arabidopsis leaves inhibits defenses against caterpillars through antagonism between SA and the JA pathways. (unil.ch)
  • But until now, scientists weren't sure what the consequences of these plant defenses were for the caterpillar. (the-scientist.com)
  • Herbivory and plant defenses in tropical forests. (ufrj.br)
  • Herbivory by caterpillars and perhaps deer is apparently a problem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Trillium are not studied particularly well in the state, but many are increasingly rare throughout their ranges due to habitat destruction and deer herbivory. (monmouthcountyparks.com)
  • A month after herbivory, these effects were not apparent, although genotype interacted with both herbivory and mycorrhizal inoculation to affect total volatile emissions. (eventscribe.net)
  • Herbivory, or plant-eating behavior, plays a crucial role in shaping ecosystems and maintaining the delicate balance between flora and fauna. (animallot.com)
  • Overall, our findings reveal that early season herbivory reduces the performance of conspecific individuals on the same host plant later in the growing season, and that this time-lagged intraspecific competition results from a mismatch between the oviposition preference of females and the performance of its offspring. (peercommunityin.org)
  • In this study, we asked: what are the main and interactive effects of mycorrhizal inoculation, herbivory, and genotype on 1) plant physiological, growth, and reproductive traits, 2) floral volatile composition and emission rates, and 3) pollinator attraction? (eventscribe.net)
  • Baby caterpillars wake up when the trees are just putting out new leaves because the leaves are the yummiest, the most nutritious and contain the least amount of chemical compounds at this time,' says Desiree. (carlschurzparknyc.org)
  • The frequency of flower visits by pollinators was generally not influenced by herbivory, but the duration of visits by honeybees and butterflies was negatively affected by herbivore damage to leaves. (researcher.life)
  • A visual technique used by citizen scientists shows higher herbivory in understory vs. canopy leaves of a tropical forest. (arizona.edu)
  • The team also conducted controlled trials where cabbage looper caterpillars were allowed to feed on hemp leaves with either high or low cannabinoid concentrations. (vent-dautan.fr)
  • Nonetheless, the study convincingly showed reduced herbivory on high-cannabinoid hemp using a diverse genetic population. (vent-dautan.fr)
  • In April and May, the first big hatch-out of caterpillars occurs in our park just as hundreds of migrants such as the Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks, Scarlet Tanagers, and Common Yellow-throated Warblers arrive from their over-wintering grounds in the southern states and Central and Southern America and drop down to feed and rest for a couple of days. (carlschurzparknyc.org)
  • If you put all the above ground animals into a pile, the caterpillars would amount to 80 percent,' says Jason Dombroskie. (carlschurzparknyc.org)
  • When a bird approaches, some caterpillars perform the equivalent of a bungee jump off the branch. (carlschurzparknyc.org)
  • The hairier caterpillars, like the Woolly Bear Caterpillar (that is often seen ambling along our paths) have barbs on them that can hook into the mouth of a bird. (carlschurzparknyc.org)
  • First instar caterpillars are very small and may be pale green or grayish white, appearing almost translucent. (monarchmilkweedmapper.org)