KetonesReactionDehydrogenaseEnantioselectiveCarboxylic acidsReactionsHydrogenationAlcoholsOxidationSucceeded in the iridium-catalyzedEnzymeEstersKetoneSynthesisFALDHCarbonyl compoundsDerivativesOlefinsHydrolysisCatalyticDeficiencyCompoundsAcetaldehydePalladium-CatalyzedAcid catalyzedReductionFormationBiosynthesisChemistryConversion
Ketones6
- Rh(iii)-Catalyzed ortho-C-H amidation of ketones and aldehydes under cooperative metal organocatalysis has been utilized for synthesizing various ortho-amidocarbonyl analogs, and the reaction for the aldehyde proceeds at ambient temperature. (iisc.ac.in)
- Nitroalkane oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of neutral nitroalkanes to nitrite and the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. (rcsb.org)
- 29. P. Greenzaid, Z. Luz and D. Samuel, A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the reversible hydration of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. (weizmann.ac.il)
- The mechanism of the reaction with aldehydes or ketones. (utexas.edu)
- The review is summarized and systematized the published data on the multicomponent reactions of ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate, carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones), and nucleophilic reagents. (researchgate.net)
- These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. (cancerindex.org)
Reaction17
- In the presence of a catalytic amount of [4j](2)Al(III)Cl complex (0.05 equiv), reaction between alpha-isocyanoacetamides (2) and aldehydes (3) afforded the corresponding 5-aminooxazoles (1) in good yields and enantioselectivities. (unboundmedicine.com)
- An environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of N -(pyridine-2-yl)amides from aldehydes and 2-aminopyridines has been developed under mild reaction conditions. (rsc.org)
- Various kinds of aldehydes and alcohols can be applied to this reaction, affording the corresponding ester product in moderate to high yields. (figshare.com)
- The first one found to be efficient catalysts for the direct asymmetric aldol reaction between ketone and aromatic aldehydes. (ajgreenchem.com)
- Highly asymmetric aldol reaction of cyclohexanone and aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by bifunctional cyclohexane derived thiourea organocatalyst', Asian Journal of Green Chemistry , 3(2), pp. 201-215. (ajgreenchem.com)
- An efficient and expedient synthetic protocol is reported for the synthesis of 2,3-diarylquinoline derivatives from readily available aryl amines, aryl aldehydes and styrene oxides using 10 mol% copper(ii) triflate by employing three-component reaction. (utmb.edu)
- This approach involves the reaction between thein situgenerated imine (derived from the aryl amine and aryl aldehyde) and styrene oxide, which enables the formation of the desired products. (utmb.edu)
- Ali, S & Khan, AT 2021, ' Copper(ii) triflate catalyzed three-component reaction for the synthesis of 2,3-diarylquinoline derivatives using aryl amines, aryl aldehydes and styrene oxides ', Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry , vol. 19, no. 14, pp. 3255-3262. (utmb.edu)
- reported an interesting reaction of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed addition of aldehyde to enamide, in which both hydroacylation and aza-benzoin reactions may be involved. (cyberleninka.org)
- The addition of NHC to aldehydes formed Breslow intermediate, which can go through cross-coupling with enamide via hydroacylation reaction or its imine isomer via aza-benzoin reaction. (cyberleninka.org)
- and β-amino aldehydes by proline-catalyzed Mannich reaction. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- A facile synthesis of imidazo[4,5- b ]pyridines and -pyrazines is described using a Pd-catalyzed amide coupling reaction. (acs.org)
- When the enolate of an aldehyde or a ketone reacts at the α-carbon with the carbonyl of another molecule under basic or acidic conditions to obtain β-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone, this reaction is called Aldol Reaction. (organic-chemistry.org)
- In higher plants, the microsomal oleate Δ12 -desaturase (fatty acid desaturase 2, FAD2) is a hydrophobic endoplasmic reticulum protein, catalyzing the reaction from monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) to polyunsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2) by introducing a double bond between the 12th and 13th carbon atoms of C18:1 [1]. (researchsquare.com)
- Furthermore air- and moisture-stable secondary phosphine oxide ( SPO ) containing bidentate ligands were tested in the palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction. (cuvillier.de)
- Moreover an ESI -MS based mechanistic study on the tripeptide catalyzed conjugate addition reaction of aldehydes to nitroolefins was carried out. (cuvillier.de)
- Enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of secondary amines, introducing a C=N double bond as the primary reaction. (bvsalud.org)
Dehydrogenase12
- Molybdenum cofactor is associated with the enzymes sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] The enzyme sulfite oxidase depends on the molybdenum-containing pterin cofactor, as do the enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. (medscape.com)
- Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the hydroxylation of xanthine and hypoxanthine to produce uric acid. (medscape.com)
- Identification of cytoplasmic biologic markers in breast cancers, which are proteins that run in the PUKCA/AKT/mTOR pathways, such as PIK3CA, PTEN, pAKT/pS6, metabolites, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), is being widely developed [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The defect in fatty alcohol oxidation in SLS is caused by the deficiency of microsomal fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH, EC 1.2.1.48), a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD + oxidoreductase enzyme complex ( 6 , 7 ). (ajnr.org)
- which is catalyzed by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric nadp-preferring. (hmdb.ca)
- Choline dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycine betaine via betaine aldehyde in glycine betaine biosynthesis. (scialert.net)
- betaine biosynthesis is catalyzed by choline monooxygenase in combination with betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. (scialert.net)
- Deficient activity of the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase component of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase in cultured fibroblasts. (jci.org)
- To determine which enzymatic component of FAO was deficient in SLS, we assayed fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) and fatty alcohol dehydrogenase in cultured fibroblasts from seven unrelated SLS patients. (jci.org)
- Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is due to deficient activity of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), an enzyme required to oxidize fatty alcohol to fatty acid. (medscape.com)
- This syndrome is a result of mutations in the gene that codes for fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. (medscape.com)
Enantioselective3
- An unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed highly site-, diastereo-, and enantioselective protocol for stereoselective formation of nucleophilic allyl-Co(II) complexes followed by addition to aldehydes provides diversified enantioenriched homoallylic alcohols with a remarkably broad scope of allyl groups that can be introduced. (organic-chemistry.org)
- The enantioselective catalytic alkynylation of aromatic aldehydes is reported using a sterically highly hindered bis-cyclometalated rhodium-based Lewis acid catalyst featuring the octahedral metal as the only stereogenic center. (researcher-app.com)
- Enantioselective organocatalytic aldehyde-aldehyde cross-aldol couplings. (organic-chemistry.org)
Carboxylic acids4
- A variety of carboxylic acids can be directly hydrogenated into the corresponding aldehydes in high yields by using homogeneous catalysts such as [Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 ] or combination of Pd(OAc) 2 with tertiary phosphines in the presence of an excess amount of 2,2-dimethylpropionic anhydride (pivalic anhydride). (elsevierpure.com)
- Nagayama, K, Shimizu, I & Yamamoto, A 2001, ' Direct hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to corresponding aldehydes catalyzed by palladium complexes ', Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan , vol. 74, no. 10, pp. 1803-1815. (elsevierpure.com)
- FALDH catalyzes the oxidation of medium- and long-chain fatty aldehydes, derived from fatty alcohols or not, to the corresponding carboxylic acids ( Fig 1 ). (ajnr.org)
- 2. Why is the direct reduction of carboxylic acids to aldehydes by LAH not feasible? (utexas.edu)
Reactions8
- The work should provide valuable insights for rational design of switchable NHC-catalyzed hydroacylation and aza-benzoin reactions with high stereoselectivity. (cyberleninka.org)
- Among them, the NHC-catalyzed benzoin condensation and Stetter reactions are the two most exploited reactions as a result of the success of these reactions in various useful transformations1. (cyberleninka.org)
- Noteworthy, almost all the previously reported Stetter reactions catalyzed by NHC involve electron-withdrawing olefins, the use of electron-rich olefins in NHC-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions is still very challenging. (cyberleninka.org)
- As shown in Fig. 1, the reactions are proposed to be initiated by the nucleophilic attack of NHC to the aldehyde substrates yielding the well-known Breslow intermediate, which can then go through cross-coupling with substrate enamides and result into the final products. (cyberleninka.org)
- Applications of Palladium-Catalyzed C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions. (acs.org)
- Copper- and Palladium-Catalyzed Amidation Reactions for the Synthesis of Substituted Imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines. (acs.org)
- The aldehyde quickly decomposes into CO plus pentane by radical reactions. (rsc.org)
- The application of ion selective electrodes and catalyzed reactions to the development of analytical methods for the detection and determination of selected contaminants at levels at or below the exposure limit standards set by OSHA is reported. (cdc.gov)
Hydrogenation2
- In the second part new PHOX -type ligands were tested in the iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of different unsaturated compounds. (cuvillier.de)
- During this work as well a new organo-catalyst, based on the structure of 2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]oxazine, was developed which allows for the asymmetric organo-catalyzed transfer-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. (cuvillier.de)
Alcohols3
- Actinide-catalyzed tandem proton-transfer esterification between aldehydes and alcohols is presented herein for the first time. (figshare.com)
- The accumulation of fatty alcohols, the modification of macromolecules by fatty aldehydes, and the presence of high concentrations of biologically active lipids have been postulated as the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms that give rise to the clinical features ( 6 - 13 ). (ajnr.org)
- Accumulation of long-chain fatty alcohols and modification of macromolecules by an excess of fatty aldehydes are thought to be the pathophysiologic mechanisms causing the manifestations of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. (medscape.com)
Oxidation4
- FALDH catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain fatty aldehydes (here, octadecanal) to the corresponding carboxylic acid. (ajnr.org)
- FAO is a complex enzyme which consists of two separate proteins that sequentially catalyze the oxidation of fatty alcohol to fatty aldehyde and fatty acid. (jci.org)
- These results show that the primary enzymatic defect in SLS is the FALDH component of the FAO complex, which leads to deficient oxidation of fatty aldehyde derived from fatty alcohol. (jci.org)
- This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ), and the oxidation of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 to PGD2. (cancerindex.org)
Succeeded in the iridium-catalyzed1
- succeeded in the iridium-catalyzed formyl-selective deuteration of aldehydes , and H. Braunschweig et al. (chemistryviews.org)
Enzyme1
- However, this enzyme also catalyses the second step, the dehydrogenation of betaine aldehyde to betaine ( Landfald and Strom, 1986 ). (scialert.net)
Esters2
- 3. What reagent is appropriate for the reduction of esters to aldehydes? (utexas.edu)
- Abstract A carbene-catalyzed asymmetric access to chiral β-cyano carboxylic esters is disclosed. (stanford.edu)
Ketone6
- Proton transfer is avoided with lithium enolates at low temperatures in ethereal solvents, so that addition of a second carbonyl partner (ketone or aldehyde) will produce the desired aldol product. (organic-chemistry.org)
- This ketone being the desired product, can further react with another aldehyde forming 2,5-dipentylidenecyclopentanone 7 . (springer.com)
- 1. Aldehyde and Ketone IUPAC nomenclature. (utexas.edu)
- 5. Recognize the relative order of thermodynamic stability of aldehyde, ketone, ester, carboxylic acid, and acid chloride carbonyl groups and be able to explain the order based upon substituent effects upon the carbocation character of the respective carbonyl groups. (utexas.edu)
- 9.Write the detailed mechanism for both acid and base catalyzed hydration of a ketone. (utexas.edu)
- Is this corresponding equilibrium for an aldehyde more or less favorable than for a ketone. (utexas.edu)
Synthesis2
- Aromatic aldehydes could be promising alternative starting materials for the synthesis of bibenzyls. (chemistryviews.org)
- Schiff base synthesis is usually acid catalyzed and it usually requires refluxing the mixture of aldehydes and amine in ethanolic solution. (scirp.org)
FALDH1
- The extent of FALDH deficiency in SLS cells depended on the aliphatic aldehyde used as substrate, ranging from 62% of mean normal activity using propionaldehyde as substrate to 8% of mean normal activity with octadecanal. (jci.org)
Carbonyl compounds1
- An attractive feature for NHCs is that they can catalyze the polarity reversal of various carbonyl compounds and generate acyl anion equivalents, which provide an elegant access to a wide range of organic transformations3'4. (cyberleninka.org)
Derivatives3
- We here disclosed a new protocol for the condensation of acetophenone derivatives and active methylene compounds with aldehydes in the presence of boric acid under microwave conditions. (hal.science)
- reported the first example of NHC-catalyzed highly enan-tioselective intermolecular addition of aldehydes to electron-rich olefins, i.e. enamides, to synthesize valuable N-acyl-protected amine derivatives (Fig. 1) 5. (cyberleninka.org)
- Lifang Tian, Yahui Wang, Nanjing Tech University, China, and colleagues have developed a method for the electrochemical deoxygenative homo-coupling of aromatic aldehydes to give bibenzyl and stilbene derivatives. (chemistryviews.org)
Olefins1
- The addition of a β C-H bond to the formyl group of aldehydes to olefins took place with the aid of Ru(H) 2 (CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 as a catalyst. (elsevierpure.com)
Hydrolysis1
- 4.What functional group does permit a direct reduction to the aldehyde function (after hydrolysis)? (utexas.edu)
Catalytic1
- The team transformed a variety of aromatic aldehydes in an undivided electrochemical cell with a graphite anode and a nickel cathode at a constant current of 20 mA, using acetonitrile as the solvent and Et 4 NBr as the electrolyte in the presence of triphenylphosphine and a catalytic amount of acetic acid. (chemistryviews.org)
Deficiency1
- Deficiency of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase is not known to cause neurologic disease and may not produce symptoms. (medscape.com)
Compounds1
- Few organofluorine compounds exist naturally ( C&EN, May 22, page 12 ), meaning that almost all must be made. (acs.org)
Acetaldehyde1
- The acid catalyzed oxygen exchange of acetaldehyde. (weizmann.ac.il)
Palladium-Catalyzed2
- Development of Palladium-Catalyzed and Iodine-Mediated Formal [4+1] Annulation Protocols. (columbia.edu)
- In the first part of the thesis an ESI -MS screening method is described, which allows the determination of a chiral catalyst´s selectivity in the palladium catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation by testing its racemic form. (cuvillier.de)
Acid catalyzed4
- 4. Z. Luz and B.L. Silver, The acid catalyzed exchange of phosphorus bonded hydrogen in aqueous solutions of dialkyl phosphonates studied by nuclear magnetic resonances. (weizmann.ac.il)
- 22. Z. Luz and B.L. Silver, The acid catalyzed oxygen exchange of acetyl-acetone in dioxane-water solution measured by oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance. (weizmann.ac.il)
- 10.Be able to write the detailed mechanism for acid and base catalyzed hemiacetal formation .Also, write the mechanism for the acid catalyzed conversion of a hemiacetal to an acetal. (utexas.edu)
- What kind of substitution mechanism is involved in the acid catalyzed process. (utexas.edu)
Reduction2
- The team proposes a mechanism that involves a single-electron-reduction of the aldehyde to give the corresponding radical anion, followed by homo-coupling to give a diol-based intermediate. (chemistryviews.org)
- Why are acid chlorides a much better choice for reduction to an aldehyde? (utexas.edu)
Formation1
- The formation of a quaternary center by α -allylation of α -branched aldehydes was also achieved. (cuvillier.de)
Biosynthesis1
- FAD2 catalyzes the first step, towards biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in cell membrane and wall, and it is thus of great importance to investigate the regulatory role of FAD2 in anther development. (researchsquare.com)
Chemistry1
- I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
Conversion1
- Why is LAH an unsatisfactory reductant for the conversion of an acid chloride to an aldehyde? (utexas.edu)