• The catalysts were characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, H 2 -TPR, and HRTEM. (pku.edu.cn)
  • The role of electronic metal-support interactions and its temperature dependence: CO adsorption and CO oxidation on Au/TiO 2 catalysts in the presence of TiO 2 bulk defects Journal of Catalysis 354, 46-60. (mpg.de)
  • For most metal catalysts, the dissociative adsorption of dinitrogen (step 1) is the rate-determining step, and all the other steps and its reverse step (from 2 to 6) are fast enough to be almost in equilibrium for each reaction step. (ammoniaenergy.org)
  • For ruthenium catalysts, dissociative adsorption is the rate-determining step, as with other metals, but adsorbed hydrogen has been found to retard the synthesis reaction. (ammoniaenergy.org)
  • Thus character of the catalyst is expressed with the values of k1 (ability of N2 activation), Kd (strength of N adsorption), and K2 (strength of H adsorption). (ammoniaenergy.org)
  • By comparing the adsorption process of Ammonia Borane (AB) in active sites of the cluster, which have different Effective Coordination Number (ECN), the qualitative relationship between ECN and the catalytic activation of AB is clarified, and the optimal catalytic active site is obtained. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
  • Two attacking types of water molecules were considered for the hydrolytic reaction of AB: stepwise and simultaneous adsorption on the catalyst. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the study of heterogeneous catalysis, the structure-activity relationship between active phase and catalytic properties and its catalytic mechanism, the possible activation or inactivation process of the catalyst in the catalytic reaction, and the chemical adsorption behavior of the reactants or molecular probes can be directly discussed by means of Mössbauer characterization. (dicp.ac.cn)
  • On the Role of Different Vanadia Species in the Adsorption and Oxidation of Toluene over V2O5/TiO2 Catalysts (Eurocat) in: 4th World Congress on Oxidation Catalysis (Hrsg. (tum-asia.edu.sg)
  • Although NH 3 conversion levels decrease considerably upon increasing reaction pressure ( X 550 °C, 40 bar = 0.8), high pressure ammonia decomposition offers the possibility of CO x -free compressed hydrogen and hydrogen productivities and TOFs 40 times bigger than when applying atmospheric pressure. (edu.sa)
  • Mechler, A. K. Facile Protocol for Alkaline Electrolyte Purification and Its Influence on a Ni-Co Oxide Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. (mpg.de)
  • We envision multiscale modeling as critical enablers of reaction understanding, catalyst and reactor design, scale-up, and process optimization. (edu.sa)
  • K. Aika, "Role of alkali promoter in ammonia synthesis over ruthenium catalysts-effect on reaction mechanism", Catal. (ammoniaenergy.org)
  • In this paper, Fe 36 Co 44 nanocluster structure is used to catalyze the hydrolysis reaction of ammonia borane to produce H 2 . (ccspublishing.org.cn)
  • Up to now, noble metal (Pt, Ru, Rh) and noble metal alloy [ 9 - 14 ] usually as the potential catalyst for the dehydrogenation reaction of the AB. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
  • Their results show that when x = 0.68, Co 0.32 @Pt 0.68 /C structure has a higher catalytic reaction rate, reaching 4874 mL H 2 min −1 g catalyst −1 at 25 ± 0.5 ℃, which is much higher than that of pure Pt nanostructures with carbon as the substrate (2781 mL H 2 min −1 g catalyst −1 ). (ccspublishing.org.cn)
  • Based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, we presented a clear mechanistic study on the hydrolytic reaction of AB by choosing the smallest NiCu cluster as a catalyst model. (frontiersin.org)
  • Further ed(Two)O(Three)/CMK-5 demonstrated the best ammonia breaking down action coming from all previously described Fe-based catalysts in this reaction. (pparsignaling.com)
  • Ethanol forms explosive products in reaction with the following compound : ammonia + silver nitrate (forms silver nitride and silver fulminate), iodine + phosphorus (forms ethane iodide), magnesium perchlorate (forms ethyl perchlorate), mercuric nitrate, nitric acid + silver (forms silver fulminate) silver nitrate (forms ethyl nitrate) silver(I) oxide + ammonia or hydrazine (forms silver nitride and silver fulminate), sodium (evolves hydrogen gas). (libertynatural.com)
  • The first consists of the formation of hydrogen cyanide as a byproduct during the synthesis of acrylonitrile from the reaction of propylene and ammonia with air. (cdc.gov)
  • The increasing concern about emissions of carbon dioxide, as well as the three traditional pollutants, offers an opportunity for catalyst technology to control nitrogen oxides from both fuel efficient lean burn petrol engines and from diesel engines, thus complementing the use of platinum group metals catalysts to control nitrogen oxides and other emissions. (matthey.com)
  • Bimetallic Fe-Co, Fe-Ni, Mo-Co, and Mo-Ni catalysts, with total metal contents of 10 wt% and bimetallic molar ratios of 1:1, were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method and their activities for ammonia decomposition in the presence of plasma were studied. (pku.edu.cn)
  • The Fe-Ni bimetallic catalyst exhibited a better synergistic effect than the other three bimetallic catalysts. (pku.edu.cn)
  • The characterization results indicated that NiFe 2 O 4 with a spinel structure was formed in the optimal Fe-Ni bimetallic catalysts and this structure favors the reduction of Fe and Ni. (pku.edu.cn)
  • In other words, it is easy to achieve the metallic state of active components for the Fe-Ni bimetallic catalysts, which could be the reason for the high catalytic activity of bimetallic catalysts for NH 3 decomposition. (pku.edu.cn)
  • Preparation and Performance of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Decomposition by Plasma Catalysis[J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
  • Under the umbrella of the BASF-Columbia University joint research initiative "Heterogeneous catalysis for environmentally benign technologies" our research comprehends the investigation of possible, hitherto unknown deactivation pathways of zeolite SCR DeNOx catalysts caused by urea and its decomposition products. (cclabs.org)
  • TAP Reactor Experiments over an Unsupported Polycrystalline Silver Catalyst: The Influence of Different Oxygen States on the Reactivity in Selective Oxida-tion Reactions in: 4th World Congress on Oxidation Catalysis (Hrsg. (tum-asia.edu.sg)
  • The hydrolysis of AB (AB, NH 3 BH 3 ) with the help of transition metal catalysts has been identified as one of the promising strategies for the dehydrogenation in numerous experiments. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the perspective of hydrolysis dehydrogenation, finding high active and low-cost catalysts to make AB completely release its hydrogen under moderate conditions is a key point for this system. (frontiersin.org)
  • This technology-utilizing a novel catalyst developed with UB-is a key to the development of on-site, carbon-neutral hydrogen production systems. (buffalo.edu)
  • Ammonia has high storage capacity, can be transported and stored as a liquid, and is carbon-free at the point of use. (buffalo.edu)
  • The phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst in the dehydration of carbon-based poly-alcohols, such as cellulose in wood. (wikipedia.org)
  • The esters decompose to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst [ citation needed ] . (wikipedia.org)
  • In the gas phase, the release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen of the air and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning. (wikipedia.org)
  • The high temperature also induces thermal decomposition of the urea ((NH 2 ) 2 CO) into ammonia (NH 3 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). (wartsila.com)
  • Although urea possesses considerable advantages over Ammonia(NH 3 ) in terms of toxicity and handling, its necessary decomposition into Ammonia and carbon dioxide complicates the DeNOx process. (sae.org)
  • In this way, the steadiness with the carbon-silica catalyst is improved upon. (pparsignaling.com)
  • After the injection of the urea solution into the hot diesel exhaust, urea ideally decomposes into ammonia and carbon dioxide. (cclabs.org)
  • were prepared by a two steps procedure: incorporation of Rh3+ ions into the Zeolite-Y by ion-exchange followed by in situ reduction of Rh3+ ions during the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia-borane. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA: TGA, DTA, DSC), GC/MS, and FTIR is carried out to study the influence of zeolite catalysts on the urea pyrolysis and hydrolysis to yield solid and gaseous components. (cclabs.org)
  • Furthermore, the influence of the identified decomposition products on the activity, selectivity and durability of SCR DeNOx zeolite catalysts is investigated. (cclabs.org)
  • The catalyst activity of LDH-derived Ni-Mg-Al catalysts in ammonia decomposition was studied in a fixed-bed flow-type reactor at an atmospheric pressure within the temperature range 500-700 °C. The synthesized catalysts overcame existing analogues in catalytic performance. (catalysis.ru)
  • Once developed, the microkinetic model could guide the catalyst and reactor design. (edu.sa)
  • If we can install different kind of catalysts, we can set a catalyst with great Kd at the reactor inlet part, but not at the outlet part where produced ammonia depress the rate by strong Kd. (ammoniaenergy.org)
  • Koebel Manfred "Thermal and hydrolytic decomposition of urea for automotive selective catalytic reduction systems: Thermochemical and practical aspects" Ind. (sae.org)
  • Schloegl, R. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Molybdenum Carbide and Nitride as Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition. (mpg.de)
  • Suitable for various processes' single stage converter and heat-exchange type furnace with natural gas as raw material, such as synthetic ammonia, methanol, and hydrogen production flow. (catalystzeolite.com)
  • This thesis investigated hydrogen production from ammonia, urea-water solution (AUS32), and AUS32-alcohol fuels (ethanol and methanol) blends through catalytic decomposition. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Generally, 1 mol AB can release 3 mol H 2 at ambient temperatures using an appropriate catalyst through solvolysis with protic solvents such as water and methanol. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
  • The compounds of it are used as catalysts in the Cativa process for the carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid. (refractorymetal.org)
  • Hence, this leads to not enough residence times of urea, and therefore evaporation and thermolysis can not be completed at the catalyst entrance. (sae.org)
  • This may cause high secondary emissions of Ammonia and isocyanic acid from the reducing agent and also leads to the fact that a considerable section of the catalyst may be misused for the purely thermal steps of water evaporation and thermolysis of urea. (sae.org)
  • The effect of location and number of hole of urea injector on the uniformity of Ammonia concentration distribution and the amount of water at the entrance of SCR-monolith has been examined in detail under various injection pressures. (sae.org)
  • The present results show useful guidelines for the optimum design of urea injector for reducing Ammonia slip and improving DeNOx performance. (sae.org)
  • However, up to now there is nearly no comprehensive information available regarding the impact of urea and its decomposition products on the activity, selectivity, and durability of SCR catalysts. (cclabs.org)
  • These nanoclusters are isolable, bottleable, redispersible, and reusable as an active catalyst in the hydrolysis of ammonia-borane even at low temperatures. (metu.edu.tr)
  • provide exceptional catalytic activity (TOF = 92 mol H-2/mol Rh min) and unprecedented lifetime (TTON = 47200 mol H-2/mol Rh) in the hydrolysis of ammonia-borane at 25 +/- 0.1 degrees C. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (metu.edu.tr)
  • At a process temperature of 500 °C, the Ni2Mg3Al2-HT catalyst showed that the H2 productivity was 23.8 mmol/(gcat·min), exceeding the respective value of nickel catalysts reported in the literature. (catalysis.ru)
  • Schüth, F. High-Temperature Stable, Iron-Based Core-Shell Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition. (mpg.de)
  • temperature programmed reduction (TPR) of a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalyst, ammonia temperature programmed desorption (TPD) from SAPO-34, ammonia TPD from ZSM-5 and the temperature programmed decomposition (TPDecomp) of a zinc nitrate catalyst precursor and of calcium carbonate. (bham.ac.uk)
  • The efficiency of the catalytic reduction depends on a number of factors, including the dosage of the reducing agent, the volume of catalyst elements and the exhaust gas temperature. (wartsila.com)
  • The ammonia decomposition temperature is close to the operating conditions of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). (ammoniaenergy.org)
  • The Selective Catalytic Reduction system reduces the level of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas from the engine by means of catalyst elements and a reducing agent. (wartsila.com)
  • With the above merits, HEA-NPs have been used as high-performance catalysts for both thermochemical and electrochemical reactions, such as ammonia oxidation, decomposition, and water splitting. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, another possible intermediate product of the decomposition is isocyanic acid, which can react to polymeric species such as cyanuric acid, a potential catalyst poison. (cclabs.org)
  • Thermal processes are key steps in the manufacture of catalysts and functional materials. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Ammonia-Borane (NH 3 BH 3 , AB), which has the most hydrogen-containing borohydride (19.6 wt%), high thermal stability, long-term stability in aqueous solutions and low toxicity, is becoming the leading contender for chemical hydrogen-storage materials. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
  • The last one is the system combined with auto-thermal ammonia cracker, which will be suitable for the rapid start-up. (ammoniaenergy.org)
  • The estimation of tail-pipe CO\(_2\) reduction by using hydrogen produced from ammonia to replace gasoline fuel in GDI engine illustrated the highest impact on tail-pipe CO\(_2\) reduction considering tank-to-wheel scenario. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Exhaust gas NO x emissions are thereafter transformed into molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 O), as they react with the ammonia at a catalytic surface. (wartsila.com)
  • Schlögl, R. Standardized Benchmarking of Water Splitting Catalysts in a Combined Electrochemical Flow Cell/Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Setup. (mpg.de)
  • Due to the small reserves of noble metals and high prices, the main purpose in the design of catalysts is to reduce or even eliminate noble metal materials, and use transition metal. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
  • To get over the challenges of cost expensiveness of the noble metal as well as the catalytic limitation of transition metal, the modulation of the noble metal content by alloying with first-row transition metal was considered as a feasible solution, because their active sites could be maintained and their active capabilities could be improved in alloying catalysts. (frontiersin.org)
  • Potassium-promoted Ruthenium supported on CaO is a very efficient catalyst for ammonia decomposition, surpassing the performance of other Ru supported solids. (edu.sa)
  • In agreement with HRTEM data, in all the synthesized nickel catalysts reduced at 700 °C (H2), particle size was mainly distributed between 15-20 nm. (catalysis.ru)
  • Vlachos' research focuses on circular economy and waste derivatization, multiscale modeling and simulation, distributed (bio)chemical manufacturing, process intensification and novel catalytic reactors, renewable fuels and chemicals, catalyst informatics and in silico materials prediction, and kinetic modeling. (udel.edu)
  • However, fitting of data from both the ammonia TPD from ZSM-5 and the TPDecomp of the zinc nitrate catalyst precursor demonstrated systematic trends in residuals and implausible kinetic mechanisms. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Neese, F. A Unified View on Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysts through a Combination of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry. (mpg.de)
  • Significant enhancement in activity was observed when the supported Ru catalysts were modified by KOH, but such effect was minimal in the cases of supported Ni catalysts. (edu.hk)
  • Through an ongoing partnership with the University at Buffalo, Bettergy developed a one-step process to crack ammonia to produce hydrogen. (buffalo.edu)
  • However, due to the large amounts of excess air in the exhaust the gaseous, liquid, and solid emissions cannot be abated by simply using the three-way catalyst strategy of gasoline cars. (cclabs.org)
  • The twin goals of low and efficient fuel use and minimum emissions are increasingly being addressed by research in both the motor and the catalyst industries of the world. (matthey.com)
  • It was found that the supported catalysts on these siliceous materials are more active than those supported on ordinary silica. (edu.hk)
  • In general, the supported Ru catalysts are more active than the Ni catalysts, and MCM-41 is the best support material for Ru and Ni. (edu.hk)
  • For the supported Ni catalysts prepared by the TIE method, the generated metal particles are very small and the constitution of unique active sites becomes unfavorable, which accounts for the apparently lower TOF values. (edu.hk)
  • Active ammonia catalyst has high value of k1. (ammoniaenergy.org)
  • Another interesting issue is whether the active synthesis catalyst can be the best decomposition catalyst or not. (ammoniaenergy.org)
  • The Further ed High Content Screening (Only two)To(Three)/CMK-5 switch is a lot more active compared to standard NiO/Al(A couple of)E(Three or more) catalyst with higher area speed, due to its highly developed mesoporosity. (pparsignaling.com)
  • For iron catalysts, the main adsorbed species are simply N atoms, and the empty site concentration is given by [*]= 1-θN, where θN is the surface coverage of N. (ammoniaenergy.org)