Catalase ascorbate and h2o2 ascorbate peroxidases. Medical search. Frequent questions

Biochemistry bioassays confirmed the involvement of monooxygenase enzyme, carboxylesterase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in multi-insecticide resistance mechanism. (preprints.org)
The effects of cadmium (Cd) on antioxidant responses and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in Vicia faba L. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), and the levels of ascorbate (ASC), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA, indicator of lipid peroxidation) were measured. (tubitak.gov.tr)
The beneficial effect of SNP was apparent in plants defensive state, where the concentration of ascorbic acid, oxidized glutathione and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) showed higher levels compered to untreated stressed control. (journalcra.com)
The aim of this work was to investigate changes in isoenzyme patterns of enzymes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in cotton under Mg deficiency. (tubitak.gov.tr)
It was found that the yeast inoculation increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities under 300, 100, and 200 mM NaCl, respectively. (preprints.org)
In latest several years, considerable proof has gathered suggesting that physiologically relevant concentrations of SA remedy can boost H2O2 levels, and H2O2 has been proposed as currently being functionally downstream of SA in plants dependent on the proof that SA can participate in regulating the antioxidant enzymes, these kinds of as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) [61,78,91-94]. (idhinhibitor.com)
The activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate-peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and the amount of non-enzymatic compounds (malondialdehyde and thiol) significantly decerased in the third and the fourth instar larvae of H. variegata on the micronutrient treatments compared to control. (ac.ir)
The increase of superoxide dismutase activity can indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress in the body of the third and the fourth instar larvae of predator H. variegata could be assigned to the accumulation of H2O2 in the body of M. persicae under the influence of the defensive secondary metabolites, which led to increase the activity of catalase and peroxidase. (ac.ir)
Reduced transition metal ions, in contrast to ascorbic acid, readily react with O2, reducing it to superoxide radicals (Reaction 2), which in turn dismutate to form H2O2 and O2 (Reaction 3): The H2O2 produced this way (Reactions 1-3) seems to be key to ascorbate's antitumor effect because H2O2 causes cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, pyknosis, and necrosis (2). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
Abstract Rapid generation of superoxide and accumulation of H2O2 is a characteristic early feature of the hypersensitive response following perception of pathogen avirulence signals. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
production rate, H 2 O 2 content and membrane permeability, maintained high activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and reduced the increase in activities of lipase, phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX). (biomedcentral.com)
These results, together with previous data, suggest that the network of transcriptional control explains how CATs and other scavenger enzymes such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase may be coordinately regulated during development, but differentially expressed in response to different stresses for controlling ROS homeostasis. (jipb.net)
2011 ). On the other side, plants have developed some enzymatic systems including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), peroxiredoxins and non-enzymatic mechanisms to protect against oxidative damage caused by these ROS (Agrawal et al. (springeropen.com)
In the human cell, antioxidant molecules include both nonenzymatic compounds such as glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), ascorbate, α -tocopherol, β -carotene, and coenzyme Q10 and enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

as well as the non-radical species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). (wikipedia.org)
Germination of selected vegetable seeds including corn (Zea mays L.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was studied in water with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution ranging from 0, 0. (researchgate.net)
The use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is recently recommended for use in drip irrigation particularly for cleaning of drip emitters. (researchgate.net)
Conversely, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions, viz. (icar.gov.in)
Also the results showed that the catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll a, carotenoid, plant height and grain yield were affected by intraction effect of fertilizer × Water stress. (ac.ir)
This work follows a number of articles by the same group, led by Mark Levine at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, showing that millimolar concentrations of extracellular vitamin C kill cancer cells but not normal cells in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent manner (1-3). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
In Arabidopsis, catalase (CAT) genes encode a small family of proteins including CAT1, CAT2 and CAT3, which catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and play an important role in controlling homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jipb.net)
When metabolized in our body, carbamide peroxide breaks down into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ureia, the latter being easily degraded, therefore innocuous. (bvsalud.org)
Hydrogen peroxide is neutralized in the saliva by the peroxidase enzymes and salivary catalase, producing a protective effect against the aggression that this substance may cause in the oral mucosa 5-8 . (bvsalud.org)

On the other hand, in all of the traits, the application of fertilizer treatments, especially mezopor zinc- silicon in Water stress (90%, 60% and 30% of field capicity) have the highest amount.Also mezopor zinc- silicon with increasing antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase were significantly increased, which reduced malondialdehyde by 50% compared to no foliar application in 30% of field capicity. (ac.ir)
Direct" enzymes that are directly regulated by Nrf2 include catalase and SOD1, and the "indirect" enzymes include GSH- and Trx-generating enzymes and heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1 [ 28 - 30 ]. (hindawi.com)

The glutathione peroxidase gene has positive function to damage induced by ROS. (springeropen.com)
To understand the mechanism of tolerance to deferent stresses in tea plant, a new glutathione peroxidase gene of tea plant was cloned and its expression pattern was analyzed under abiotic and biotic stresses. (springeropen.com)
A novel cDNA encoding glutathione peroxidase of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) was isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method and designated as CsGPX2 (GenBank Accession No. JQ247186). (springeropen.com)
The deduced amino acid sequence showed high homology with glutathione peroxidases of angiosperms and contained the characteristic conserved motifs of ILAFPCNQF and FTVKD, the highest level of similarity was 85% to a glutathione peroxidase from Ricinus communis (Accession NO. XP_002509790.1). (springeropen.com)

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP), and the catalase - peroxidases (KatG) share very similar active site structures and are distinguished from other peroxidases by the presence of a distal tryptophan residue. (bris.ac.uk)
D-erythroascorbate peroxidase-deficient cells have remarkably increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal independent of the intracellular D-erythroascorbate content, which leads to activation of catalase-peroxidase and cytochrome c peroxidase, resulting in defects in cell growth, viability, mitochondrial respiration, filamentation and virulence. (brenda-enzymes.info)

Clinically, in a disease ameliorated by ascorbate, there is a suppression of symptoms only with very high doses and approximately to that extent which a nonrate-limited,_antioxidant_free_radical_scavenger, might be expected to affect that disease process if all harmful free radicals and highly reactive oxidizing substances were quenched. (mall-net.com)
The reason for the increased sensitivity of tumor cells to H2O2 is not clear but may be due to lower antioxidant defenses (7). (thestemcellfoundation.com)

In fact, a lower capacity to destroy H2O2-e.g., by catalase, peroxiredoxins, and GSH peroxidases-may cause tumor cells to grow and proliferate more rapidly than normal cells in response to low concentrations of H2O2. (thestemcellfoundation.com)

In distinction, other scientific studies report that SA accumulation could be induced by elevated H2O2 amounts [97,ninety eight]. (idhinhibitor.com)

Cotton plants were grown with different concentrations of MgSO4 in hydroponic medium to create nutrient deficiency (0, 75, 150, 1000 μM Mg). Gradual decreases in growth and photosynthetic rates were observed with declining Mg concentrations and 0, 75, and 150 μM Mg increased oxidative stress as evidenced by H2O2 and lipid peroxidation. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Under salt treatment of 300 mM NaCl, the yeast inoculation significantly increased ascorbate concentrations in leaves, yet showed no effects on levels of glutathione and proline. (preprints.org)
It is well known that H2O2 exerts dose-dependent effects on cell function, from growth stimulation at very low concentrations to growth arrest, apoptosis, and eventually necrosis as H2O2 concentrations increase (8). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
Identification of this metal-containing protein will be critical because it seems to be the cause for millimolar concentrations of ascorbate to act as a pro-oxidant in interstitial fluid. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
These observations, combined with the inhibitory effect on xenograft growth, provide the proof of concept that millimolar concentrations of extracellular ascorbate, achievable by i.p. injection or i.v. infusion in experimental animals and humans, respectively, exert pro-oxidant, antitumor effects in vivo. (thestemcellfoundation.com)

Exposure to Se or mimosine exhibited a differential response in the mitochondrial catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (Asc-Px) activities. (typeset.io)

an oxidative burst triggered by the treatment of Arabidopsis plants with a cell wall elicitor prepared from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum could be abolished by knocking down the transcript levels of PRX33 and PRX34 through the transgenic expression of a French bean class III peroxidase cDNA (FBP1) in an antisense orientation (Daudi et al. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
Moreover, this study has elucidated that SA‐induced stomatal closure involves extracellular oxidative burst (Figs 2 & 3) and that the extracellular oxidative burst is mediated with SHAM‐sensitive peroxidases but not NAD(P)H oxidases (Figs 1d & 2). (rehabsociety.org.hk)
Here, we analyze the expression profiles and activities of three catalases under different treatments including drought, cold, oxidative stresses, abscisic acid and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis. (jipb.net)
Nitric oxide alleviates aluminum-induced oxidative damage through regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in roots of wheat [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

2016) also suggested that H2O2 molecules play dual roles in plant physiological and developmental processes. (researchgate.net)
These final results indicate that there is a likely conversation among SA and H2O2 as signaling molecules. (idhinhibitor.com)
Despite the fact that ROS have been considered to be damaging molecules, it is recognized that they, especially H2O2, play a major role in cellular signaling pathways and regulation of gene expression in a wide range of organisms including plants. (openaire.eu)

High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions, viz. (icar.gov.in)

Whatever the exact mechanism, the increased sensitivity of tumor cells to killing by H2O2 may provide the specificity and "therapeutic window" for the antitumor effect of extracellular ascorbate (1, 2). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
2) speculate that there is an extracellular "metalloprotein catalyst" of between 10 and 30 kDa in size that interacts with ascorbate. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
1) provide no direct evidence for the existence of the metalloprotein or the formation of reduced transition metal ions by extracellular ascorbate, they measure the other reaction product formed between ascorbate and the putative metal center, i.e., the ascorbyl radical (Reaction 1). (thestemcellfoundation.com)

but if the ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (AA/DHA) ratio is kept high (the redox potential kept reducing) until the unstable dehydro- ascorbate undergoes hydrolysis or can be reduced back to ascorbate, the dehydroascorbate will do no harm. (mall-net.com)

Low or moderate doses (doses substantially below bowel tolerance) usually had no noticeable immediate beneficial effects, but high doses (doses just below the amount that would produce diarrhea in a patient tolerant to ascorbate) would have the effect of markedly suppressing symptoms as the high dose levels were reached. (mall-net.com)

Mixtures of mineral ascorbates (calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and sometimes sodium) are used in certain circumstances to increase bowel tolerance for even more clinical effectiveness but do not clearly demonstrate the increasing bowel tolerance phenomenon being discussed here. (mall-net.com)

As indicators of drought stress, H2O2 and MDA content increased. (journalcra.com)
SNP application alleviate drought stress by reducing H2O2 and MDA content. (journalcra.com)

Collectively, the data show that all three members of the class I heme peroxidases can support radical formation on the distal tryptophan and that the reactivity of this radical can be controlled either by the protein structure or by the nature of the compound I intermediate. (bris.ac.uk)
To test this, we have examined the reactivity of the W191F variant of CcP with H2O2, in which formation of a porphyrin π-cation radical occurs. (bris.ac.uk)
In contrast, the protein must be absent or inactive in blood, otherwise ascorbate would become oxidized to the ascorbyl radical or be unstable, which is not observed (1). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
They show formation of this radical in a time-dependent and ascorbate-dose-dependent manner in interstitial fluid of tissues, including tumor xenografts, but not in blood (1, 3). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
They also show that the concentration of the ascorbyl radical correlates with the concentration of H2O2 in interstitial fluid, whereas no H2O2 can be detected in blood or plasma (3, 9). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
However, H2O2 has, as its final product, the radical (OH*), the second most powerful free radical, which causes premature aging processes and systemic disorders 1-4 . (bvsalud.org)

H2O2 increases germination rates by breaking down the seed coat, thus allowing the seed to take in oxygen more quickly. (researchgate.net)

Our results reveal that CAT1 is an important player in the removal of H2O2 generated under various environmental stresses. (jipb.net)

Knowledge of the known vitamin functions of ascorbate would not have allowed one to predict these beneficial results. (mall-net.com)

showed that the effect of H2O2 on corn seed germination was significantly greater than for seed treated with aerated water but no H2O2. (researchgate.net)
The enhanced effects on germination with H2O2 have a) been reported for seed with pathogenic infestations (Szopniska, 2014) i.e. a biocidal effect, and b) mediated through the oxidation of germination inhibitors present in the seed coat or/and in the pericarp, i.e. a seed treatment effect. (researchgate.net)
H2O2 Oxidation by FeIII-OOH Intermediates and Its Effect on Catalytic Efficiency. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)

DPI, a distinct inhibitor of membrane-joined NADPH oxidase, which is one particular of the principal resources of H2O2 development in plant cells, inhibited NADPH oxidase activity and also inhibited ARF in mung bean hypocotyls. (idhinhibitor.com)
Peroxidase activity registered a significant increase by threefold in mitochondria and fourfold in soluble fraction in both Se and mimosine groups. (typeset.io)
In the Se groups, both catalase and Asc-Px in mitochondria decreased by 50-60%, which was contrasted by 60% increase in Asc-Px activity and 40% in catalase activity in mimosine groups. (typeset.io)

However, a positive correlation between the increase of H2O2 levels and Cd concentration occurred with all levels of Cd. (tubitak.gov.tr)

The improvement of adventitious roots are blocked in hypocotyls taken care of with DMTU or DPI (Determine four), implying that endogenous H2O2 plays a pivotal function in adventitious rooting. (idhinhibitor.com)

Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in apple leaves inoculated with a virulent or an avirulent strain for Erwinia amylovora . (ac.ir)

Since even at very high doses, ascorbate is virtually nontoxic, it may be given in the enormous doses necessary to quench almost all unwanted free radicals and oxidants. (mall-net.com)

This dose-dependency may be shifted to the left in tumor cells, making them more sensitive to both the growth stimulatory and cytotoxic effects of H2O2. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
The chemical reactions linking ascorbate to H2O2, as explained above (Reactions 1-3), require a redox-active transition metal-without it, ascorbate cannot exert pro-oxidant effects. (thestemcellfoundation.com)

ROS no son solo productos toxicos del metabolismo aerobico, sino ademas, moleculas senales involucradas en varios procesos de desarrollo en … 54, 2003, The lignin biosynthetic pathway has been studied for more than a century but has undergone major revisions over the past decade. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
CAT2 and CAT3 are major H2O2 scavengers that contribute to ROS homeostasis in light or darkness, respectively. (jipb.net)

Moreover, other research have indicated that H2O2 does not operate downstream of SA in regulating PR protein expression [ninety nine]. (idhinhibitor.com)

These final results advise that DMTU and DPI accomplish inhibition via a lower in the H2O2 amount throughout the adventitious rooting method. (idhinhibitor.com)

It is as if a threshold were reached at which point the ascorbate becomes very effective. (mall-net.com)

Interestingly, a substantial amount SA and H2O2 led to a considerable suppress in the quantity of AR. (idhinhibitor.com)

In addition, H2O2 activates SA biosynthesis through stimulation of BA2H (benzoic acid two-hydroxylase) action [97], which is also observed in tobacco cells. (idhinhibitor.com)

An early study by Narimanov (2000) reported enhanced germination, emergence and development of seedlings using a short seed soaking treatment with H2O2 in a wide variety of crops including corn (Zea mays L.), beans (Phaseolus sp. (researchgate.net)

There was a remarkable lack of systemic difficulties in these patients that could be directly related to the massive doses of ascorbate. (mall-net.com)

The outcomes advise that H2O2 may perform as a downstream signaling molecule or associated in a parallel pathway in the SA-induced formation and improvement of AR in mung bean seedlings. (idhinhibitor.com)

tested 24-h seed pre-treatments with H2O2 with 50 mM being optimal with improved seed germination, seedling vigour and growth in corn, squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Increased germination and seedling growth of peas (Pisum sativum L. 'Alaska') was shown by Barba-Espin et al. (researchgate.net)

Accordingly, we can ARN-509 speculate that SA and H2O2 have additive influence in adventitious rooting method. (idhinhibitor.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms12

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs31

Phenomena and Processes12

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science3

Superoxide14

Hydrogen peroxide9

Enzymes2

Glutathione peroxidase4

Cytochrome c peroxida2

Antioxidant2

Peroxiredoxins1

Accumulation1

Concentrations5

Mitochondrial1

Oxidative4

Molecules3

Antioxidants1

Extracellular3

Dehydroascorbate1

Tolerant1

Zinc1

Drought2

Radical6

Increases1

Stresses1

Vitamin1

Effect3

Activity3

Increase1

Function1

Leaves1

High1

Effects2

Major2

Expression1

Lower1

Effective1

Amount1

Addition1

Development1

Directly1

Formation1

Growth1

Influence1