• Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with low potential for self-repair. (nature.com)
  • Despite improvements in treatment options and techniques, articular cartilage repair continues to be a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunogenicity testing was completed using flow cytometry analysis of cells obtained from digested T-LE Allografts and fresh articular cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Average viability of the T-LE Allograft post-thaw was found to be 94.97 ± 3.38%, compared to 98.83 ± 0.43% for fresh articular cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth factor and ECM proteins were quantified for the T-LE Allograft revealing similar profiles to fresh articular cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular signaling of the T-LE Allograft and fresh articular cartilage both exhibited similar outcomes in co-culture for migration and differentiation of BM-MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While several surgical options have emerged with the goal to reduce patient pain and restore the function of injured articular cartilage, current treatments are limited by the lack of available allograft options as well as from poor graft integration outcomes [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The current standard in cartilage repair for full thickness chondral lesions, due to its extensive clinical history and acceptable long-term success rates, is fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation, where articular cartilage and underlying bone is transplanted from a cadaveric donor into the defect site [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Articular cartilage (AC) provides a resilient surface for friction free movement of joints. (drlintner.com)
  • The chondrocytes are responsible for the synthesis, maintenance, degradation, and repair of articular cartilage. (drlintner.com)
  • Articular cartilage has a maximum thickness of 3-4 mm because it depends on diffusion of nutrients from the synovial fluid for nutrition. (drlintner.com)
  • Articular cartilage injury can result from one of three types of trauma: compaction, shearing, or avulsion. (drlintner.com)
  • The articular cartilage is avascular and aneural and unless subchondral bone has been penetrated with injury, no inflammatory response will occur. (drlintner.com)
  • The new articular cartilage that is formed, however, is more fibrous like and over time, degenerates and leaves exposed subchondral bone. (drlintner.com)
  • The first is to harvest the articular cartilage from a minor weight-bearing area, usually the medial femoral condyle. (drlintner.com)
  • Approximately 200-300mg of articular cartilage is necessary for enzymatic digestion and cell culturing. (drlintner.com)
  • Does intra-articular injection of adipose-derived stem cells improve cartilage mass? (biomedcentral.com)
  • We purified and cultured adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and then performed adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy by directly injecting these cells into the articular cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder characterised by synovitis and progressive damage to articular cartilage and subchondral bone. (bmj.com)
  • Intra-articular injection of GAS6 restored the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, reduced the accumulation of local ACs, and decreased the levels of TUNEL and Caspase-3 positive cells, preserving cartilage thickness and preventing the progression of obesity-associated OA. (elifesciences.org)
  • Intra-articular injection of GAS6 restored the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, decreased synovial cell apoptosis, and prevented OA progression in obese-OA mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Besides the cell source choice, also mechanical stimuli are crucial in the development and maintenance of articular cartilage. (nature.com)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a T-cell-mediated systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by synovium inflammation and articular destruction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adipose tissue (AT) represents a commonly used source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) whose proregenerative potential has been widely investigated in multiple clinical trials worldwide. (mdpi.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) support chondrogenic differentiation and are an attractive cell source for cartilage tissue engineering. (nature.com)
  • MSCs can be differentiated along different cell lineages of mesodermal origin including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, skeletal myocytes or visceral stromal cells 9 . (nature.com)
  • The efficacy and safety profile of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) augmentation in chondral procedures are controversial. (springer.com)
  • Overexposure to transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-ß1) induces myofibroblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which could be attenuated by myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) supernatant. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cell therapy is centered around the injection of MSCs obtained by an array of different methods. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • For example, adult MSCs are taken from a person and/or patient, and then the stem cell transplants are directly implanted after expansion in vitro. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • In addition, adult skin cells may be used by means of regenerative medicine, reprogramming the MSCs through specific transcription factors in order to obtain induced pluripotent MSCs. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • Furthermore, Embryonic MSCs derive from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • Regenerative medicine calls upon the extraction of MSCs that are directly derived from the patient who is to receive said stem cell treatment. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • Among these cells, a preeminent role is played by the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal MSCs. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • Known for its dynamic and diversified culture protocols, these MSCs have shown to be malleable, shapeshifting into many kinds of cells. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • However, transplanting other than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is still limited to a few applications, and it mainly applies to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, MSCs isolated from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were shown to be a blend of distinct cells and MSCs isolated from different tissues show besides some common features also some significant differences. (hindawi.com)
  • We therefore briefly discuss differences found in subsets of human bmMSCs and in MSCs isolated from some other sources and touch upon how this could be utilized for cell-based therapies. (hindawi.com)
  • The MSCs have been described for the first time as colony forming fibroblasts (CFU-F), a rare population of cells residing in the bone marrow of guinea-pigs or mice [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Overview of studies published regarding MSCs using the term "stem cell" or "stromal cell" in the last 20 years accessed by a web search in July 2015 (Google Scholar). (hindawi.com)
  • It seems that the term "stem cell" became more popular although the "stemness" was only shown in a more strict sense for MSCs involved in osteogenesis and bone repair. (hindawi.com)
  • When the biological properties of MSCs were explored in more detail, questions arose whether these cells met the criterion of a true stem cell [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Nowadays, experts agree that MSCs may generate upon appropriate stimulation quite different mature cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stromal cells of the bone marrow [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Expansion of MSCs was shown to be limited to a few passages of in vitro culture and the cells underwent replicative senescence [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, available in vitro protocols for expansion of MSCs do not yield true stem cells. (hindawi.com)
  • MSCs were also investigated for stem cell qualities in vivo. (hindawi.com)
  • As a method of using somatic stem cells, we perform adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC) therapy in the hospital, where adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are purified, cultured, and injected into the joint. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSCs are seeded on these scaffolds and cultured in a rotating wall culture vessel, where they grow into chondrocyte constructs the size of a tomato(~5 cm). (williamgunn.org)
  • She cautions that in some cases MSCs express MHC Class I and II and therefore can act as antigen-presenting cells in some cases, depending on the amount of IFNγ present. (williamgunn.org)
  • She also reports that MSCs produce a humoral response when cultured in medium containing FBS , but is able to reduce this by short-term culture of the cells in medium where the FBS is replaced with a small amount of the patient's serum using a protocol our lab developed 1 , 2 . (williamgunn.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into chondrocytes, while mechanical loading has been proposed as alternative strategy to induce chondrogenesis excluding the use of exogenous factors. (nature.com)
  • Fibronectin (FN) is commonly used in the development of serum-free media for the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thrombin treatment enhanced MSCs to express FN at mRNA and protein levels and promoted FN secretion by MSCs, accompanied by potent adherence to the culture plastic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells that were initially isolated from bone marrow[ 1 ] and characterized by the fibroblast-like appearance in culture and the capacities to form bone, adipose and cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the quantity of MSCs is very low in bone marrow (about 0.001 to 0.01% of the mononuclear cells) and in vitro expansion is the prerequisite for their clinical application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSCs can be easily expanded in culture media containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) from selected lots. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising novel therapeutic strategy for the osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), which is gradually becoming popular, particularly for early-stage ONFH. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonetheless, the MSC-based therapy is challenging due to certain limitations, such as limited self-renewal capability of cells, availability of donor MSCs, and the costs involved in donor screening. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As an alternative approach, MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which may lead to further standardized-cell preparations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions: The cells isolated from dental pulp exhibited characteristics compatible with those expected for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and are good candidates for cell therapy applications and tissue bioengineering. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be effective in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effects of UC-MSCs on the responses of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and T cells in RA patients were explored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, UC-MSCs induced hyporesponsiveness of T cells mediated by PGE2, TGF-β1 and NO and UC-MSCs could promote the expansion of CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells from RA patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, human UC-MSCs suppressed the various inflammatory effects of FLSs and T cells of RA in vitro , and attenuated the development of CIA in vivo , strongly suggesting that UC-MSCs might be a therapeutic strategy in RA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are cells of stromal origin that can exert profound immunosuppression by modulating T and B cell proliferation and differentiation, dendritic cell maturation and NK activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effects of the T-LE Allograft to signal bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) migration and chondrogenic differentiation were evaluated using in vitro co-culture assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells are currently a research focus because of the possibility of cartilage regeneration through several mechanisms, including mesenchymal stem cell sheets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The emphasis of our studies is to develop and refine the technology necessary to isolate one of these rare stem cells, the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). (case.edu)
  • At first, the mesenchymal stem cell was thought to be the primary component of this undifferentiated cell type, however it is now evident that within the adipose extracellular matrix are also adipocytic precursors (known as progenitor cells) adherent to adipocytes, and in close approximation to a variety of additional undifferentiated multipotent and pluripotent cells, including pericytes and endothelial cells, all thought to play important roles in mesenchymal-stromal derived tissue regeneration. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • Cells with mesenchymal stem cell characteristics have been isolated from many different adult tissues including bone marrow, periosteum, skin, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, synovial tissue, the infrapatellar fat pad, and more recently, cartilage [ 8 - 15 ], and we provide a systematic review of the literature outlining the sources of mesenchymal stem cell used in musculoskeletal applications. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • These studies have demonstrated that mechanical forces are able to shape the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate when appropriately applied in in vitro models of cartilage regeneration. (nature.com)
  • Information about mesenchyme, specifically mesenchymal stem cell procotols. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Step-by-step cell culture protocols for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) isolation, expansion and differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Here we document the effects of specified PEMF parameters over mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) chondrogenic differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Autologous chondrocytes implantation and osteochondral autograft transplantation are limited by scarce cartilage production, low proliferative capacity of chondrocytes, chondrocyte de-differentiation and complications due to donor site morbidity 5 . (nature.com)
  • Josefin Ekholm has been working for a long time to develop new protocols for differentiation of IPS cells into chondrocytes. (gu.se)
  • Depending on the tissue of origin, they may have a higher preference for differentiation into one particular cell type and a lower preference for another one, but they all still retain the differentiation potential for the mesenchymal lineage. (promocell.com)
  • Which plates does PromoCell recommend as 96-well U bottom suspension plates for chondrogenic differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells? (promocell.com)
  • For chrondrogenic differentiation it is important that the cells do not adhere to the wells. (promocell.com)
  • During differentiation, the cells form spheroids which float in the medium. (promocell.com)
  • They display differentiation capacities and therefore qualify as multipotent progenitor cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
  • We seek to understand the mechanisms of cell fate specification, cell differentiation, and cell maturation during skeletal development, with a particular focus on epigenome dynamics and genomic targets of transcription factors. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
  • Such a stem cell divides to produce like stem cells, some of which enter into a pathway of development and differentiation resulting in an end-phenotype which produces highly specialized molecules and/or functions and then, after a time, expires. (case.edu)
  • At this time I also began working with mouse and human embryonic stem cells resulting in the publication of some of the first papers describing the osteogenic differentiation of mouse ES and human cells in vitro and in vivo . (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Stem cells are a self-renewing cell population with a high proliferation potential and the ability to undergo chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • 1 Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. (jci.org)
  • This would cause the cells to produce GFP under conditions where the OC promoter is active, which is in the late stage of osteoblast differentiation. (williamgunn.org)
  • We are interested in understanding the role of the extracellular matrix in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, and how this regulation goes awry in cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • The role and effect of 5hmC on 5mC turnover and hence DNA demethylation, on gene expression per se and stem cell fate and differentiation is a topic of vigorous interest. (stanford.edu)
  • Although DNMT1 methylates newly synthe sized DNA for the duration of cell division, DNMT3a and DNMT3b act on methylation of CpG motifs all through cellular differentiation and regulatory pro cesses. (hdacassay.com)
  • Objective: To characterize pulp stem cells and evaluate their capacity for expansion and differentiation in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: It was observed that the pulp stem cells exhibited the capacity to adhere to plastic and a high rate of expansion and, after detection with specific stains, it was shown that the cells were capable of differentiation into osteoblasts and chondroblasts, but not into adipocytes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells are cells with a low degree of differentiation that have the capacity to reproduce and can generate differentiated cells of several different types of tissues 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize stem cells from the pulp of permanent third molars and analyze the cells obtained in terms of their morphology and chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Differentiation is triggered by various factors in vivo , some of which can be replicated in in vitro stem cell cultures. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Since suboptimal media may change the differentiation potential of stem cells, it is vital to select the correct stem cell-validated media and reagents at the start of your research process. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The ability to expand pluripotent cells in vitro and subject them to direct differentiation to produce specific cell types is crucial to the development of cell-based therapies to replace or restore tissue that has been damaged by disease or injury. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Background: Chondrocytes are the primary cells responsible for maintaining cartilage integrity and function. (lu.se)
  • Developing an accessible and cost-effective model to generate viable chondrocytes and to assess their response to different bioactive compounds can significantly advance our knowledge of cartilage biology and contribute to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. (lu.se)
  • Objective: We developed a novel, streamlined protocol for generating chondrocytes from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a 3D culture system that offers. (lu.se)
  • Objective: We developed a novel, streamlined protocol for generating chondrocytes from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a 3D culture system that offers significant implications for the study of cartilage biology and the discovery of potential therapeutic interventions for cartilage-related and associated disorders. (lu.se)
  • Methods: We developed a streamlined protocol for generating chondrocytes from BMSCs in a 3D culture system using an "in-tube" culture approach. (lu.se)
  • Results: The established protocol successfully generated a large quantity of viable chondrocytes, characterized by alcian blue and toluidine blue staining, and demonstrated versatility in assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of various bioactive compounds. (lu.se)
  • Conclusions: Our novel protocol offers an accessible and cost-effective approach for generating chondrocytes from BMSCs and for evaluating potential therapeutic leads in the context of inflammatory chondrocyte-related diseases. (lu.se)
  • Although our approach has several advantages, further investigation is required to address its limitations, such as the potential differences between chondrocytes generated using our protocol and those derived from other established methods, and to refine the model for broader applicability and clinical translation. (lu.se)
  • For many years, we have developed new protocols where we differentiate IPS cells to become chondrocytes. (gu.se)
  • used in B-cell-inhibiting treatments on human primary chondrocytes and osteocytes in vitro ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human hyaline cartilage is comprised of a unique profile of chondrocytes (cells), matrix proteins (signals), and tissue architecture (scaffold), which together this advanced structure-function relationship imparts critical properties to the joint spaces such as cushioning and lubrication [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells are activated and differentiate into chondrocytes which produce type I and II collagen to fill the defect. (drlintner.com)
  • Blood vessels produce beneficial phase 2 enzymes that help protect cells from carcinogens in response to shear stress, but in the joints high shear stress increases cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme levels, resulting in pain, inflammation and suppression of phase 2 enzymes, and the eventual death of cartilage cells known as chondrocytes. (lifeextension.com)
  • To find out what would happen when chondrocytes were first exposed to phase 2 enzymes, the Hopkins researchers, led by associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering Konstantinos Konstantopoulos, exposed cultured chondrocytes to compounds derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli that are known to increase the enzymes. (lifeextension.com)
  • Currently, the only FDA-approved cell-based therapy for cartilage defects involves autologous chondrocyte implantation: chondrocytes harvested from low-contact areas are expanded in vitro and then re-injected directly into the damaged site 1 . (nature.com)
  • These condensed mesenchymal cells then differentiate into chondrocytes to form the cartilage anlagen. (silverchair.com)
  • We describe a set of protocols that together provide a tissue-mimicking hydrogel bioink with which functional and viable 3-D tissue constructs can be bioprinted for use in in vitro screening applications. (jove.com)
  • There are many known growth factors involved in controlling and influencing stem cell growth that are also related to cell senescence, and we review these in vitro considerations. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Then they cultured cells under conditions where the cells undergo osteogenesis in vitro and the GFP increased orders of magnitude. (williamgunn.org)
  • We found that upregulating Ihh signaling in the developing cartilage by treating PTHrP -/- limb explants with sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein in vitro, or overexpressing Ihh in the cartilage of PTHrP -/- embryos or inactivating patched 1( Ptch1 ), a negative regulator of hedgehog (Hh) signaling, accelerated chondrocyte hypertrophy in the PTHrP -/- embryos. (silverchair.com)
  • were used in the development of a human immunocompetent Organ-on-Chip - a human cell-based in vitro model of the choroid layer of the eye integrating melanocytes and microvascular endothelial cells, covered by a layer of retinal pigmented epithelial cells. (ilexlife.com)
  • were used to establish a 3D organotypic in vitro model containing microtumor spheroids, macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, allowing for the analysis of tumor-stroma interactions in a controlled and modifiable environment. (ilexlife.com)
  • Pulp stem cells (PSCs) are able to form ectopic dentin in vitro and in vivo and also to generate a dentine-pulp complex composed of a mineralized matrix, with dentinal tubules that are aligned and filled with odontoblastic prolongations, containing vascularized pulp tissue, in a similar arrangement to that observed in natural dental structures 3,6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • These protocols, such as organoid cell culture methods, have provided more predictive in vitro cellular "Disease-in-a-Dish" models. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Although other irritants in the smoke may have contributed to the incident, there is supporting evidence that stable strontium can stimulate the release of histamine from mast cells in vitro (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)
  • Cartilage degeneration resulting from injuries or wear-and-tear leads to osteoarthritis, which impacts millions and costs in excess of $65B per annum. (ca.gov)
  • In the future, it is hoped that stem cells can be used to treat osteoarthritis, the world's most common joint disease. (gu.se)
  • Soon we need to agree within the project on which alternative is most likely to become a cell therapy for osteoarthritis, which we will test next year in a large animal model. (gu.se)
  • We have shown in this case report the promising effects of adipose-derived stem cell intraarticular injections in treating osteoarthritis and the use of new diagnostic instruments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ultimate aim of the CRL is to help develop long-term regenerative therapies for treating cartilage defects, including osteoarthritis. (edu.au)
  • Application of PRP, AmpS, and PRP+AmpS treatments significantly reduced S aureus -induced chondrocyte death (ie, increased metabolic activity and cell viability staining) in cartilage explants, compared with untreated controls. (avma.org)
  • Primary cell cultures obtained from gonarthrosis patients were divided into four groups, two of which were designated as control cultures of chondrocyte and osteocyte, and the other two groups were exposed to BAs administered via the culture medium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proper regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy is also required in postnatal cartilage homeostasis. (silverchair.com)
  • Furthermore, we show that upregulated Hh signaling in the postnatal cartilage led to accelerated chondrocyte hypertrophy during secondary ossification, which in turn caused reduction of joint cartilage. (silverchair.com)
  • Our results revealed a novel role of Ihh signaling in promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy independently of PTHrP , which is particularly important in postnatal cartilage development and homeostasis. (silverchair.com)
  • In addition, we found that bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the cartilage may both mediate the effect of upregulated Ihh signaling in promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy. (silverchair.com)
  • The composition of extracellular matrix, for example, must be precisely similar to that of in vivo conditions in order to induce naturally observed behaviors of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Explant culture can also refer to the culturing of the tissue pieces themselves, where cells are left in their surrounding extracellular matrix to more accurately mimic the in vivo environment e.g. cartilage explant culture, or blastocyst implant culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • This simple pellet-based 3D culture system allows for cell aggregation and spheroid formation, facilitating cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions that better mimic the in vivo cellular environment compared with 2D monolayer cultures. (lu.se)
  • these are cartilage extracellular matrix component important in imparting mechanical function to the tissue. (ca.gov)
  • We cultivate cartilage cells and examine their extracellular vesicles. (gu.se)
  • This study provides data to support that the 2-year Cryopreserved, Thin, Laser-Etched Osteochondral Allograft (T-LE Allograft) embodies the necessary viable cells, protein signaling, and extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold found in fresh cartilage in order to facilitate a positive clinical outcome for cartilage defect replacement and repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5 , - , 9 This loose connective tissue is composed of extracellular matrix and various types of cells: fat cells-named adipocytes, and the non-fat cells of the stromal vascular fraction that contains preadipocytes, capillary endothelial cells, infiltrating leucocytes and multipotent stem cells. (bmj.com)
  • The success of any technology aimed at repairing chondral defects will thus be based on its ability to produce tissues that most closely recapitulate the mechanical and biochemical properties of native cartilage. (nature.com)
  • Serial measurements (n = 5) in different operation modes (OM) were performed to analyze the bonding strength of tissue adhesives in bone (OM-1) and cartilage tissue either in isolation (OM-2) or under specific requirements in joint repair such as filling cartilage defects with clinical applied fibrin/PLGA-cell-transplants (OM-3) or tissues (OM-4). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In cartilage tissue engineering (TE) the fixation of tissues and transplants in the knee cavity represents a particular challenge, due to the complex mechanical loading condition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unlike many tissues in the body, cartilage lacks a vascular supply network and therefore has a very limited self-repair capacity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regenerative medicine can be translated to any type of repairment, replacement, rebuilding, and or regeneration of any of the following human anatomy, such as: human organs, cells, tissues, and optimizing said parts back to a functional homeostasis (normal and healthy). (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • How do mesenchymal stem cells from different tissues differ in terms of their biological function? (promocell.com)
  • We aim to understand how skeletal tissues (bone and cartilage) and teeth develop and to find a clue to novel therapeutic strategies. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
  • We pursue two scientific interests with a particular focus on skeletal tissues (bone and cartilage) and teeth: (1) basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying development and maintenance of tissues and organs, and (2) the development of fundamental technologies for tissue regeneration and repair. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
  • The MSC gives rise to bone-forming cells, cartilage-forming cells and cells of tendon, ligament fat, and dermis, as well as various connective tissues including the stroma of marrow. (case.edu)
  • These studies integrate both basic scientists and clinicians to more effectively translate these basic science findings into new, innovative human health care protocols of using tissue engineering to repair skeletal tissues as in this accompanying figure. (case.edu)
  • Recognition of the vast number of undifferentiated cells associated with the stromal vascular fraction has resulted in extensive research demonstrating the heterogeneity of such cells, and their ability to participate in production of all mesodermal-derived tissues. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • Tissues and Cells. (lu.se)
  • For example, neural tissue development and central nervous system regeneration have been studied with organotypic explant culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • We aim to understand cell fate determination processes in terms of gene regulation and epigenome dynamics and to provide proof-of-concept of the genome-inspired strategy for tissue regeneration and repair. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
  • With improved understanding of tissue healing and regeneration, stem cell Prolotherapy is gaining significant clinical importance and potential. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • Professor Travis Klein is the Director of the Centre for Biomedical Technologies and the leader of the Cartilage Regeneration Laboratory (CRL) at Queensland University of Technology (QUT). (edu.au)
  • Although orthopaedic surgery has been successful in replacing cartilage, the coming years will establish whether a shift from replacement towards regeneration of tissue is feasible. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • The project, founded in 2004, is focused on developing and applying advances in cell based therapies for the regeneration of connective tissue. (williamgunn.org)
  • Our research is geared towards applying reprogramming approaches towards musculoskeletal regeneration especially cartilage regeneration that remains an unmet medical need. (stanford.edu)
  • We are exploring the role of these novel DNA demethylation regulators in cartilage development, regeneration and disease. (stanford.edu)
  • These properties provide stem cells with powerful capabilities for tissue repair, replacement, and regeneration, so human stem cells are of special interest in medical research. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Coupling with stem cell research, researchers have successfully grown simple organs derived from autologous human pluripotent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • A research team from Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, successfully transplanted stem cell-engineered bladders to seven pediatric patients with malfunctioning bladders. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cellular grafts derived from retinal stem cell therapy is an active area of research to treat macular degeneration, retinitis, pigmentosa, and glaucoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stem cell-based approaches are also being actively pursued in hopes of improved outcome. (nature.com)
  • In AutoCRAT we develop new stem cell-based products, all of which have the potential to become a future treatment. (gu.se)
  • The first option being investigated in the EU project is mesenchymal stem cells, a type of adult stem cell taken from adipose tissue or bone marrow. (gu.se)
  • At first, transplants were relegated to research because of the adverse immunological responses, but the advent of cyclosporine in the 1980s transformed stem cell transplants into life-saving treatments, as the risk of rejection could be drastically reduced. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • Nowadays, lifelong issues or negligence of immunity health can bring about an array of negative outcomes, which are directly representing and related to stem cell therapy transplants. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • Moreover, the other one issue with stem cell therapy is the limited supply of donors, not being able to meet the ever increasing demand of organs. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • Due to the progressively aging population, stem cell transplants will be increasingly needed to replace heavily damaged organs injured by diseases pertaining to old age. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • To qualify as a stem cell, these cells must be able to self-renew, most likely by symmetric cell division to produce two daughter cells with the same stem cell qualities. (hindawi.com)
  • Transplantation of ASCs is one of mesenchymal stromal stem cell-based therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The source is called a STEM CELL. (case.edu)
  • The protocol described within this paper for stem cell Prolotherapy can be done in the physician's office, at the point-of-care, within the same procedure on the same day, and without violation of current FDA regulations. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • This is followed by specific discussions on Dupuytren's disease where there is early evidence of stem cell etiology, and bone and cartilage tissue engineering. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • To assess the role of an individual HDAC isoenzyme in physiology and tumor development, HDAC2-mutant mice were generated from a gene trap embryonic stem cell clone. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The nature of stem cells necessitates the use of special stem cell culture media and reagents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Stem cells can be cultured like any other cell lines, provided that the right stem cell-qualified media, reagents and conditions are employed. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Some stem cell lines are immortal and can be cultured indefinitely in the lab, but many are not. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • It is therefore critical to consider these options before initiating stem cell culture. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Step-by-step stem cell culture protocols for human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) including ips cell thawing, expanding, freezing and characterizing. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Stem Cell protocols for cryopreservation, thawing of cryopreserved stem cells and media preparation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Derivation and characterization of functional human neural stem cell derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that efficiently myelinate primary neurons in culture. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • ReNcell neural progenitors are immortalized human neural stem cell lines that can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes sand oligodendrocytes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Recent advances in the realm of stem cell research are due to the advent of CRISPR genome editing technology and more advanced 3D cell culture techniques. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Combining our CRISPR, ZFN gene editing , and stem cell expertise, we now offer novel stem cell lines, optimized media, and innovative kits for all areas of stem cell biology, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), neural, mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cell culture. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In addition to our expansive portfolio of assay-ready stem cells, serum-free cell culture media, and 3D culture solutions, we offer custom engineered stem cell lines through our easy-to-use Cell Design Studio. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • No long-term solutions exist for cartilage degeneration, but cellular therapies hold promise toward replacing degenerated cartilage with healthy tissue. (ca.gov)
  • Toward developing a long-term solution for this vexing problem, cellular therapies hold the promise of replacing degenerated cartilage with healthy tissue. (ca.gov)
  • One of the most compelling reasons for using natural therapies in arthritic conditions is that while some drugs can cause cartilage destruction, natural therapies correct the underlying factors involved in arthritic cartilage degeneration. (lifeextension.com)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), generated by introduction of a few defined factors in a somatic cell, provide an ideal patient-specific source for disease modeling, drug discovery and cellular therapies. (stanford.edu)
  • Accordingly, investigations on cellular therapies have therefore moved to progenitor cell populations such as bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which have the ability to differentiate into cartilage cells 4 . (nature.com)
  • Over time, progenitor cells migrate out of the tissue onto the surface of the dish. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characterizing the human DIAS cell population showed that cells shared similar characteristics with stem and progenitor cells previously identified by other groups as originating from various niches of the skin. (ca.gov)
  • At the same time, by asymmetric cell division or after specific activation, stem cells must be able to generate more mature progenitor cells or differentiated effector cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • The multi-step process of endochondral bone formation begins with the condensation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Using these methods, we aim to evaluate the toxicity and effects of the BAs on the viability and proliferation of the cultured cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viability testing was performed by digestion of the graft, and cells were counted using a trypan blue assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using our novel, proprietary cryopreservation method, the T-LE Allograft, retains excellent cellular viability, with native-like growth factor and ECM composition of healthy cartilage after 2 years of storage at − 80 °C. The successful cryopreservation of the T-LE Allograft alleviates the limited availably of conventionally used fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA), by providing a readily available and simple to use allograft solution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The advantages of accutase over the traditional trypsin treatment are that it is more gentle and less damaging to cells (leading to increased viability) and does not contain any mammalian or bacterially derived proteins. (promocell.com)
  • Autologous PRP and cartilage explants obtained from 6 healthy, adult, nonlactating Jersey-crossbred cows. (avma.org)
  • Autologous PRP was prepared prior to euthanasia using an optimized double centrifugation protocol. (avma.org)
  • 1, 2 Recently, Prolotherapists have begun to utilize the potential of autologous adipose (fat)-derived stem/stromal cells (AD-SC) within non-manipulated fat graft scaffolding, combined with high-density PRP concentrates (HD-PRP) to provide a potent biological therapeutic combination. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • Clinically, these findings have uncovered the possibility of unprecedented sources for patient-autologous cells with far reaching implications in a variety of diseases. (stanford.edu)
  • Although SYNAPSE VINCENT can only analyze the thickness of cartilage, and the reproducibility of the error is debatable, SYNAPSE VINCENT would be useful as a clinical tool for regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell number and thickness of intestinal mucosa are reduced. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Fast forward to the 1980s, a cell transplantation was successfully achieved, where an immunodeficient patient was the recipient of bone marrow from his relative. (nadplusivtherapy.com)
  • Today, more than 50 years after the first successful bone marrow transplantation, clinical application of hematopoietic stem cells is a routine procedure, saving the lives of many every day. (hindawi.com)
  • another is a method of treating adipose tissue with an enzyme to separate a stromal vascular cell group from other fat cells, which is then used for transplantation, called stromal vascular fraction (SVF). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The screening of the different collagen formulations revealed a substance with significant higher adhesive strength on cartilage (14.8 kPa) and bone tissue (11.8 kPa) compared to fibrin and also considerable adhesive properties when filling defects with cartilage tissue (23.2 kPa). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effective treatment of cartilage defects represents a challenging problem, mainly due to the tissue's limited intrinsic self-repair capacity. (nature.com)
  • The number of live cells and the proliferation rate were monitored by MTT assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, regenerative medicine cell therapy, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, has recently become widespread and gathered attention as the third type of treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The major advantage of explant culture is the maintenance of near in vivo environment in the laboratory for a short duration of time. (wikipedia.org)
  • A well-standardized protocol for ex vivo culturing of murine SFs is currently missing from the literature and should prove useful both for unravelling the importance of SFs in disease as well as for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for several chronic joint diseases. (researchsquare.com)
  • Therefore we have chosen to use the term "adipose-derived stem/stromal cells" (AD-SC's), rather than simply "mesenchymal stem cells. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • At our hospital, our application protocol, titled "Joint treatment by administration of adipose tissue-derived stem cells", has received approval since April 2018. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 7 There has been some variation and question regarding the correct terminology for this population of stromal adipose cells. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • Methods: Pulp tissue was collected from permanent third molars and digested and then the cells were seeded onto plates containing HDMEM medium. (bvsalud.org)
  • The demonstrated efficacy of our optimized PEMF regimens has clear clinical implications for future regenerative strategies for cartilage. (nature.com)
  • Our research team in Gothenburg has extensive clinical experience of cell therapy and has long been repairing cartilage. (gu.se)
  • During periods of intense active inflammation, the concentration of the preferred BAs after inhibition of inflammation needs to be emphasized when their effects on cartilage and bone tissue are considered at the cellular level if the clinical practice is to continue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This paper also discusses the theories and background leading up to the protocol, and presents representative clinical examples of its use in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries, with documented high-definition ultrasonic evidence of healing. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • In biology, explant culture is a technique to organotypically culture cells from a piece or pieces of tissue or organ removed from a plant or animal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further understanding of the biology of the SF and the mechanisms leading to its arthritogenic properties should be key to unravelling the contribution of this specific cell type in the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis in human. (researchsquare.com)
  • I returned full time to Imperial College in 1999 to take up a lectureship in cell biology and tissue engineering and was also actively involved in establishing the Tissue Engineering Centre. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • I cover mainly cell biology and physiology. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • From the basic biology perspective, these findings have revealed that cell fates are inherently plastic and are dynamically regulated. (stanford.edu)
  • BT-474 cells, obtained expression of the receptor has important implications for their biology from American Type Culture Collection, were maintained in RPMI 1640 and therapy (1). (lu.se)
  • Their role in cartilage homeostasis and response to inflammation is crucial for understanding the progression and potential therapeutic interventions for various cartilage-related disorders. (lu.se)
  • They act as messengers between cells and may control the growth of cartilage cells or reduce inflammation in joints. (gu.se)
  • When germ-free cell cultures became a laboratory routine, hopes were high for using this novel technology for treatment of diseases or replacement of cells in patients suffering from injury, inflammation, or cancer or even refreshing cells in the elderly. (hindawi.com)
  • The ability of FLSs to stimulate both inflammation and tissue damage suggests that this cell type may be another critical target for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The chronic phase of disease is characterized by the hyperproliferation of synovial tissue and formation of pannus, resulting in the progressive erosion of cartilage and bone tissue and leading to disability. (researchsquare.com)
  • Despite the uncertainties on the autoimmune versus autoinflammatory nature of RA, the requirement of non-immune cell function such as synovial fibroblasts (SFs) in the loss of tissue integrity has been widely accepted 1 . (researchsquare.com)
  • Obese OA mice had a more severe cartilage destruction and increased levels of synovial apoptotic cells (ACs) than OA mice in the control group. (elifesciences.org)
  • GAS6 secretion is decreased during M1 macrophage polarization during obese-OA, leading to impaired macrophage efferocytosis in synovial apoptotic cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells have the ability to differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The therapy would consist of using a skin biopsy to harvest dermis-isolated, adult stem cells (DIAS cells), which will undergo processing to yield neocartilage. (ca.gov)
  • Another track is induced pluripotent stem cells, IPS, which is a method of inducing adult cells to become stem cells again. (gu.se)
  • One explanation for deficient repair is when undifferentiated adult stem repair cells are inadequate in number or cannot be stimulated within the damaged tissue site. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • My research interests focus mainly on stem cells (embryonic, 'adult' and fetal origins) and their applications in tissue engineering, particularly the osteoblast and bone tissue. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • King et al found that adult patients with bronchiectasis had significantly lower levels of immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3), B-cell lymphocytes, and T-helper lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Project preparation includes setting up facilities and approvals for work with human DIAS cells, identifying sources and acquiring human skin for DIAS cell isolation, and hiring and training personnel. (ca.gov)
  • In contrast, our blood cells are cryopreserved directly after cell isolation. (promocell.com)
  • We present here a detailed protocol for efficient isolation of primary murine SFs, which after 20 days of cell culturing, retain their original characteristics of constitutive CD90.2, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression. (researchsquare.com)
  • Following isolation and by mitotically expanding their numbers in culture, we can drive these cells down specific and different developmental pathways with emphasis on cartilage and bone. (case.edu)
  • Tissue engineering is an exciting strategy that employs stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors or mediators either in isolation or in combination. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Patients may have pain, effusion, or mechanical symptoms and because of the inadequate healing response, joint mechanics can be altered and the adjacent cartilage can undergo degeneration. (drlintner.com)
  • With high levels of platelet-derived growth factors and cytokines, this combination provides both a living bioscaffold and a multipotent cell replenishment source useful for enhanced musculoskeletal healing. (journalofprolotherapy.com)
  • In this review we will cover mesenchymal stem cells, scaffolds, bioreactors and growth factors applicable to orthopaedics and musculoskeletal sciences. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • The metabolic activity, percentage of dead cells, and glycosaminoglycan content of cartilage explants were measured with a resazurin-based assay, live-dead cell staining, and dimethylmethylene blue assay, respectively. (avma.org)
  • Treatment effects were assessed relative to the findings for cartilage explants incubated in SF alone. (avma.org)
  • My research continues to focus on stem cells and osteoblasts and in particular 3D cell culture models and microenvironments. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Comparing animal skin and human skin showed notable differences, including morphology, response to enzymatic digestion, and the rate at which cells attach to tissue culture plastic. (ca.gov)
  • Analysis of the cellular phenotype showed that the cells were negative for CD45, CD69, CD117 and HLADR, and positive for CD13, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105. (bvsalud.org)
  • SFs are CD45-negative cells of mesenchymal origin involved in supporting and lubricating the joint by providing nutrients and proteoglycans 2 . (researchsquare.com)
  • With a compressive load, the cartilage deforms to increase contact area and spread the load over a greater area of the joint. (drlintner.com)
  • Neocartilage constructs generated from human DIAS cells also contained five times higher compressive modulus and close to twice the tensile modulus of constructs generated using sheep DIAS cells. (ca.gov)
  • For the scaling-up of constructs to be used in an athymic mouse study, an experiment was conducted to finalize our protocol for generating human DIAS cell constructs, using what have been learned both from Milestone 1 and also from literature sources. (ca.gov)
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing identified a rare (approximately 4%) subpopulation of BL cells (DTP-like) with transcriptomic similarity to DTP cells and intermediate activity of pathways that are up-regulated in DTPs. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The DTPs may arise from a specific preexisting subpopulation of cancer cells with partial activation of specific drug resistance pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Benefits Diverse categories of pathways are activated in uFB and PD We carried out GSEA of gene transcription and protein expression information obtained in human HCC cell lines cultured in uFB and PD. (sykinhibitors.com)
  • 25. The num ber of pathways discovered and their specificities have been really distinct in between the 2 culture problems. (sykinhibitors.com)
  • That consequence is supported by the observation that, compared to other KEGG PR-957 pathway classes, signaling and regu lar metabolic pathways possess a standard tendency to shed their gene expression coherence in tumor cells. (sykinhibitors.com)
  • The result on meta bolic pathways in uFB is supported by, and indi cates that uFB cultures signify a 3D culture issue yielding metabolically competent cells, closer in phenotype to principal human hepatocytes. (sykinhibitors.com)
  • I work on various biochemical and biophysical approaches to investigate and control cell-cell, cell-scaffold interactions. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • 3-D Life hydrogels and accessories are used in this CloneSeq protocol which combines clonal expansion inside 3D hydrogel spheres and droplet-based RNA sequencing to resolve the limited sensitivity of single-cell approaches. (ilexlife.com)
  • Indeed, cells from arthritic joints in culture show increased invasiveness, matrix degradation and increased cell adhesion 5 . (researchsquare.com)
  • 1992). PGE2 and LTB4 play a crucial role in arthritis by causing resorption of bone, stimulating the secretion of collagen breakdown enzymes, and inhibiting the formation of proteoglycans--the building blocks of cartilage. (lifeextension.com)
  • 2014). Self-Organizing Properties of Mouse Pluripotent Cells Initiate Morphogenesis upon Implantation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This article provides an extensive step-wise overview of CRISPR Cas9 protocol that can be used to perform gene editing in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have the capacity to give rise to differentiated progeny representative of all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • After 24 hours, the researchers subjected the cells to a stress test designed to mimic the effects of exercise, which would normally produce an increase in COX-2. (lifeextension.com)
  • Another case was from a team at University College, London, UK, which transplanted a wind pipe derived from the patient's own stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the early 1990s, he and his colleagues began treating patients with cartilage damage with the patient's own cells. (gu.se)
  • 5 mg mL one and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37 C. Digestion was stopped by washing the cells twice with Tris HCl containing 10% fetal calf serum and outer membrane proteins have been ready as described over. (hdacassay.com)
  • 2000) Cartilage turnover in embryonic chick tibial explant cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The libraries selleck were loaded onto flow cell channels for sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 in strument by the Chinese National Human Genome Cen ter. (sykinhibitors.com)
  • Interestingly, it was shown that human RA-SFs are activated and contribute to hyperplasia and destruction 3 and mixed populations of human synoviocytes when implanted into Severe Combined Immuno-Deficiency (SCID) mice retain their ability to destroy cartilage in the absence of a functioning immune system 4 . (researchsquare.com)