• A paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm that may develop at various body sites (including the head, neck, thorax and abdomen). (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] By light microscopy, the differential diagnosis includes related neuroendocrine tumors, such as carcinoid tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because they are parts of the neuroendocrine system, these tumors are highly vascularized. (naqlafshk.com)
  • ABSTRACT: Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are a very rare type of neuroendocrine tumor, accounting for only 1% to 2% of all primary lung cancers. (bvsalud.org)
  • ABSTRACT: The role of 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in the evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors is well defined. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nevertheless, 68 Ga-DOTATATE uptake may be seen in some tumors other than neuroendocrine tumors as a reflection of tumor blood supply and somatostatin receptor expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Paragangliomas, such as glomus jugulare tumors, are benign neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells in the bony canals of temporal bone. (medscape.com)
  • When these cells demonstrate neoplasia within the head and neck, they typically present in characteristic locations, including the carotid space, the jugular foramen, the middle ear, and along the course of the vagus nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Glomus tumors of the head and neck are associated with 4 primary locations: jugular bulb, middle ear cavity, vagus nerve, and carotid body. (medscape.com)
  • It usually presents as a painless neck mass, but larger tumors may cause cranial nerve palsies, usually of the vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumors in region of the vagus nerve are commonly called glomus vagale tumors because of their usual close association with the vagus nerve (see the image below). (naqlafshk.com)
  • Glomus tympanicum (GT) is a highly vascular, benign, and slow-growing tumor of the middle ear. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • It is a highly vascular, benign, and locally invasive tumor of the middle ear usually originating along the tympanic (Jacobson's) or auricular (Arnold's) nerve. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • Hemangiomas of the skull are benign vascular bone tumors composed of cavernous or capillary vascular channels. (medscape.com)
  • Dermoid and epidermoid tumors are benign lesions of the skull that develop in the cranial vault, paranasal sinuses, orbit, and petrous bone. (medscape.com)
  • These tumors are monoclonal expansions of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells and may present as solitary benign bone tumors called plasmacytomas (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • From 2021 to 2022, there were three cases of glomus tympanicum tumors operated by trans-canal endoscopic excision in Can Tho ENT hospital. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • Although glomus tympanicum tumors are the most common primary neoplasms of the middle ear, these tumors are the rarest of head and neck glomus tumors. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Nevertheless, Glomus Jugulare and Glomus Tympanicum tumors are well-known to cause pulsatile tinnitus. (neuroangio.org)
  • Axial computed tomography image shows a small vascular mass along the right tympanic membrane. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Figure 1: Walter Dandy demonstrates resection of an extra-axial tumor and specifically the clipping of a deep feeding artery (Dandy WE. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • In 1974, Glenner and Grimley renamed the tumor "paraganglioma" on the basis of its anatomic and physiologic characteristics. (medscape.com)
  • Glomus tumors, also known as non-chromaffin cell paraganglioma, arise from the neural crest cells [1]. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • Mutations of SDHB play an important role in familial adrenal pheochromocytoma and extra-adrenal paraganglioma (of abdomen and thorax), although there is considerable overlap in the types of tumors associated with SDHB and SDHD gene mutations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carotid paraganglioma (carotid body tumor): Is the most common of the head and neck paragangliomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glomus tumors are part of "paraganglioma" family of tumors. (neuroangio.org)
  • A deficient bony plate along the tympanic portion of the internal carotid artery (aberrant ICA) is a normal variant and can be mistaken with glomus jugulare. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan demonstrating a large vascular mass along the course of the left internal carotid artery and jugular vein above the level of the carotid bifurcation. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Although glomus tumors usually appear as solitary lesions at 1 site, multiple lesions at multiple sites are not uncommon (see the image below). (naqlafshk.com)
  • Other lesions mimicking a convexity meningioma include hemangiopericytomas , primary bony tumors, dural-based metastases, and potentially lymphoma. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • they are the most common tumors of the inner ear and the second most common tumors of the temporal bone after schwannomas . (medscape.com)
  • It is the most common primary neoplasm of the middle ear and the second most common tumor of the temporal bone [1,5,6]. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • Temporal bone CT has historically been even better than MRI for glomus, especially glomus tympanicum - an unusual situation since for most tumors MRI is a better test. (neuroangio.org)
  • In other words, if you've had a negative temporal bone CT and negative MRI brain with contrast, the chances of having a glomus tympanicum or jugulare are pretty much zero. (neuroangio.org)
  • Paragangliomas arise from paraganglion cells, which serve varied regulatory tasks in the body. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Imaging is the primary investigative modality for glomus tumors of the head and neck (paragangliomas). (medscape.com)
  • Haller introduced glomus tumors of the head and neck into the medical record in 1762, when he described a mass at the carotid bifurcation that had a glomus body-like structure. (medscape.com)
  • Carotid body glomus tumors, also called carotid body tumors, occur at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and arise from the tissue of the normal carotid body (see the image below). (naqlafshk.com)
  • Computed tomography scan demonstrates an enhancing carotid bifurcation mass. (naqlafshk.com)
  • We presented 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT findings of an exceptional case of a pulmonary carcinoid tumor with extensive skin, subcutaneous, thyroid, and intramuscular metastases. (bvsalud.org)
  • CT scanning is also best in the diagnosis of glomus tumors when a satisfactory bolus of contrast material is administered. (medscape.com)
  • A combination of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography is ideal for proper diagnosis and localization of these tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis: glomus tympanicum type II. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • A combination of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography is ideal for proper diagnosis and localization of the tumors. (naqlafshk.com)
  • They also created a classification method based on location, innervation, and microscopic appearance of tumors. (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] On microscopic inspection, the tumor cells are readily recognized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Particle embolization of the tumor can be effective in minimizing PT until radiation effects kick in, but this is typically not done because PT is tolerable enough to wait. (neuroangio.org)
  • Which is also why surgical resection of these tumors is usually not possible (or is very difficult) without preoperative embolization. (neuroangio.org)
  • Embolization is a procedure where blood supply to the tumor is blocked to make it less bloody during surgery. (neuroangio.org)
  • Post-embolization external carotid injection, tumor blush is gone. (neuroangio.org)
  • This tumor was treated through a far lateral approach and suboccipital craniotomy following a superselective embolization of feeding arteries. (medscape.com)
  • Preoperative embolization is unnecessary because the tumor's meningeal vascular supply is addressed readily after craniotomy through transdural coagulation and circumcision of the tumor's dural attachments. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Glomus jugulare ones grow in the jugular foramen, and therefore present with symptoms related to destruction/invasion of adjacent structures. (neuroangio.org)
  • Although skull base surgical approaches are also used for vascular disease, congenital anomalies, and some nonneoplastic bony disorders, this section focuses on neoplastic disease. (medscape.com)
  • CT scans allow evaluation of bony involvement and may also identify calcification in some tumors. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • CT imaging is excellent for demonstrating cervical masses along the course of the carotid artery, but findings of skull base soft tissue details can be limited. (medscape.com)
  • A tumor in the tympanic cavity and hypotympanum, not spread to the mastoid and does not erode the jugular bulb. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • These tumors often arise from the paranasal sinuses but may develop in the frontal bone (arising from the area of the frontal sinus), cranial vault, mastoid sinus, or mandible. (medscape.com)
  • Some dural fistulas can look a lot like a glomus, believe it or not. (neuroangio.org)
  • Their excision should encompass a wide dural margin and the involved bone, especially for young patients, to decrease the risk of tumor recurrence. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Figure 4: Typical imaging presentation of a convexity meningioma: an intensely homogenously enhancing dural-based tumor with dural tails. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Osteomas have been associated with Gardner syndrome, an autosomal-dominant variant of familial adenomatous polyposis, which consists of multiple cranial osteomas, colonic polyposis, and soft-tissue tumors. (medscape.com)
  • They are highly vascular, locally invasive, slow-growing tumors that frequently involve critical neurovascular structures. (medscape.com)
  • they arise from the glomus bodies that run with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Chondromas are rare slowly growing tumors that arise from the cartilaginous portion of bones formed by enchondral ossification. (medscape.com)
  • These tumors usually arise in the midline, in the diploe of the bone, where they expand both the inner and outer tables of the skull. (medscape.com)
  • Radiosurgery may be used for small residual or recurrent tumors, for adjuvant treatment of higher-grade meningiomas, and for palliation in patients unable to tolerate surgical resection. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Clusters of tumor cells (type I cells interspersed with type II cells), called zellballen, are surrounded by a dense network of capillary caliber blood vessels. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Selective external carotid angiogram reveals a vascular skull base mass. (medscape.com)
  • This article offers an overview of tumors that develop at the skull base and their surgical management. (medscape.com)
  • The image below depicts a CT scan revealing a skull base tumor. (medscape.com)
  • They make up approximately 7% of skull tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Hyperostotic tumors may present with cosmetic deformity of the skull. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • CT scan showing: the presence of eroding jugular bulb is the most important thing to distinguish glomus tympanicum and glomus jugulare and assess the extension of the tumor to make good surgical planning. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • Classification of the tumor helps make a good plan and choose the proper surgical approach by trans-canal endoscopy or microscopy. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • The mainstay of glomus treatment used to be surgical resection. (neuroangio.org)
  • Tumors and surgical approaches are classified based on the involved area. (medscape.com)
  • Younger patients' asymptomatic tumors may be observed until growth is identified, but if the patient has a large or symptomatic lesion, surgical resection is the primary treatment modality. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • highly curable but may recur after surgical removal. (en-academic.com)
  • It is not a cancer and cannot spread, but it does grow - both the nidus and its feeding arteries get larger while the body grows, and continue to change throughout one's lifetime. (neuroangio.org)
  • The physical examination findings of PCNSL are diverse and highly dependent on the tumor location. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Note the preoperative X-ray image (right upper image), intraoperative findings as sketched by Cushing (left lower image) and postoperative outcome (right lower image) (Courtesy of the Cushing Brain Tumor Registry at Yale University). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Glomus tumors are rare, and the majority do not present with isolated pulsatile tinnitus. (neuroangio.org)
  • Here is a typical glomus tumor in a patient presenting with facial nerve palsy and pulsatile tinnitus. (neuroangio.org)
  • The outcome of bleeding depends highly on location and extent of bleeding and subsequent treatment. (neuroangio.org)
  • This is the most common type of glomus tumor of the head and neck. (naqlafshk.com)
  • Osteomas are the most common primary tumor of the bone of the calvaria. (medscape.com)
  • They are rare tumors, representing less than 0.5% of all head and neck tumors [2]. (otolaryngrhinojournal.com)
  • They are rare tumors, with an overall estimated incidence of 1/300,000. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a rare complication after radioiodine therapy and may cause false positive 131I uptake at the point of obstruction in 131I whole body scan. (bvsalud.org)
  • These tumors represent about 1% of all non-Hodgkin Lymphomas and have an annual incidence of 0.47 per 100,000 person/year. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • 131I whole body scan revealed focal uptake in the head. (bvsalud.org)
  • If peak tumor opacification is missed at CT scanning, the mass can be misconstrued for a nonenhancing schwannoma or a nodal lesion. (medscape.com)
  • PCNSL is seen annually in approximately 3% of patients diagnosed with primary brain tumors. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Standard MRI with contrast and MRA are very good for picking up these tumors, except perhaps a small glomus tympanicum. (neuroangio.org)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement is the main diagnostic study of choice for these tumors. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Larger tumors may cause symptoms related to cerebellar and brain stem compression. (medscape.com)
  • Tumors situated away from the eloquent cortices may reach a large or giant size before presenting with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • The T2/FLAIR sequences allow evaluation of underlying brain edema and presence of a subarachnoid plane between the tumor and the pia. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • When the same type of tumor is found in the adrenal gland, they are referred to as a pheochromocytoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nowadays, many are treated by "gamma knife" - a type of stereotactic radiation that minimizes radiation exposure to adjacent tissues and maximizes zap to the tumor. (neuroangio.org)