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Cavernous SinusParanasal SinusesParanasal Sinus DiseasesParanasal Sinus NeoplasmsCarotid-Cavernous Sinus FistulaCavernous Sinus ThrombosisMaxillary SinusFrontal SinusEthmoid SinusSphenoid SinusSinusitisNose NeoplasmsNasal CavityMaxillary Sinus NeoplasmsCranial SinusesMucoceleCarotid ArteriesBone and BonesCarotid SinusCarotid Artery DiseasesTurbinatesCarotid StenosisOtorhinolaryngologic Surgical ProceduresTomography, X-Ray ComputedCranial Fossa, MiddleNasal PolypsSphenoid SinusitisCarotid Artery, InternalNasal SeptumExophthalmosSphenoid BoneOrbitOsteomaSinus of ValsalvaSinus Thrombosis, IntracranialEthmoid BoneOrbital DiseasesSkull Base NeoplasmsRhinitisOrbital NeoplasmsEndoscopyAbducens Nerve DiseasesCentral Nervous System Vascular MalformationsEndarterectomy, CarotidCranial NervesRhinometry, AcousticOphthalmoplegiaFrontal SinusitisEpistaxisNose DiseasesCerebral VeinsDura MaterNose Deformities, AcquiredSkullCoronary SinusSkull BaseBone RemodelingMagnetic Resonance ImagingEsthesioneuroblastoma, OlfactoryEthmoid SinusitisCarotid BodySella TurcicaCarotid Artery, CommonNasal ObstructionOculomotor Nerve DiseasesArteriovenous FistulaCerebral AngiographyCarotid Artery, ExternalSick Sinus SyndromeTampons, SurgicalMaxillary SinusitisKartagener SyndromeMaxillary FracturesEmbolization, TherapeuticBone DensityNosePapilloma, InvertedLevocardiaNasal SpraysNasal MucosaNeurosurgical ProceduresPituitary NeoplasmsCranial Nerve DiseasesWoodBone ResorptionTachycardia, SinusTreatment OutcomeFatal OutcomeRetrospective StudiesMeningeal ArteriesTrochlear NerveAnatomyBone MarrowMucormycosisHemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous SystemTrigeminal Nerve DiseasesPetrous BoneHorner SyndromeCentral Nervous System CystsHemangioma, Cavernous
ArteryOrbitFistulaTumorsMidlineThrombosisEthmoid sinusesNeoplasmsSphenoidal sinusesAnatomyIntracranialOrbitsInvolveSphenoid boneSkullInferiorAnteriorSella TurcicaOccurring in the frontalComputed tomographyDrainageVenousInflammationOrbitalOstiumCribriformOcclusionInfectionsPalatine boneNoseMetastasisMucormycosisCavitiesTemporal BoneTrigeminalForamenCavityNeoplasmSecretionsMaxillary boneFrontal bonePosteriorPalsyThin-walledTurbinates
Artery8
  • The most often reported are: intra- and extracavernous or metastatic neoplasms, intra-cavernous carotid artery aneurysms, carotid-cavernous fistulas (see image below), infections, thrombosis, and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • The carotid artery flow voids are present. (claripacs.com)
  • The maxillary sinus is supplied by branches of the internal maxillary artery, which include the infraorbital, alveolar, greater palatine, and sphenopalatine arteries. (medscape.com)
  • The frontal sinus is supplied by the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries of the ophthalmic artery. (medscape.com)
  • The sphenoid sinus is supplied by the sphenopalatine artery, except for the planum sphenoidale, which is supplied by the posterior ethmoidal artery. (medscape.com)
  • Delbrouck C, Jacobs F, Fernandez Aguilar S. Carotid artery occlusion due to fulminant rhinocerebral mucormycosis. (medscape.com)
  • Recovery from rhinocerebral mucormycosis with carotid artery occlusion: a pediatric case and review of the literature. (medscape.com)
  • There are reports on various other risks like rhinoliquorrhea, brain damage, fistulas between sinus-cavernosus and carotid artery, aneurysms and thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. (egms.de)
Orbit5
Fistula4
Tumors4
Midline2
  • Cavernous sinus syndrome describes symptoms comprising ophthalmoplegia, chemosis, proptosis, Horner syndrome , and/or trigeminal sensory loss evoked by vascular, inflammatory, traumatic, congenital, or neoplastic processes affecting the cavernous sinus near the midline of the frontotemporal part at the base of the skull. (medscape.com)
  • Nasion: midline depression where nasal bones meet frontal bone 3. (slideshare.net)
Thrombosis1
  • The infection results from rapid spread of fungi from the paranasal sinuses to the adjacent orbits and central nervous system with hyphal invasion of blood vessels, vasculitis with thrombosis, haemorrhage, tissue infarction and acute neutrophilic infiltrates with a necrotising pathological reaction 5 . (actaitalica.it)
Ethmoid sinuses3
  • The ethmoid sinuses arise in the ethmoid bone, forming several distinct air cells between the eyes. (medscape.com)
  • Air containing mucosal lined sinuses surround the nasal cavity, which includes the frontal, paired maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinuses. (nih.gov)
  • Surrounding the nasal cavities are air-containing mucosal lined sinuses, which include the frontal sinuses (superior anterior), ethmoid sinuses (superior), paired maxillary sinuses (lateral), and sphenoid sinuses (posterior). (nih.gov)
Neoplasms3
  • Head computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed soft-tissue density neoplasms that occupied the sphenoidal sinus and further invaded to destroy the clivus. (hindawi.com)
  • Computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed soft-tissue density neoplasms filling the sphenoidal sinus (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • They represent the majority of paranasal neoplasms. (lookformedical.com)
Sphenoidal sinuses1
  • The nose and maxillary sinuses are the common initial site of involvement while the sphenoidal sinuses are rarely affected. (hindawi.com)
Anatomy1
  • BACKGROUND: The anterior clinoid process (ACP) is surrounded by a complex anatomy variations include pneumatization and the formation of bone bridges with the middle and posterior clinoid, which complicate surgery. (unifesp.br)
Intracranial2
  • Only those with recurrence at inaccessible sites such as the skull base, the cavernous sinus, and the intracranial area were diagnosed by radiological features. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings are most compatible with an infectious/inflammatory process with intracranial extension to involve the cavernous sinus. (claripacs.com)
Orbits1
  • The facial skeleton consists of the bones surrounding the mouth and nose and contributing to the orbits (eye sockets, orbital cavities). (medmuv.com)
Involve2
  • These may involve the cavernous sinuses or the walls of the sinus. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic IFRS is an indolent infection with a slow destructive process that most commonly affects the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, but may involve any paranasal sinus 6 , 7 . (actaitalica.it)
Sphenoid bone5
Skull14
  • Most individuals have four paired cavities located in the cranial bone or skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sphenoid sinuses that are located behind the eyes and lie in the deeper recesses of the skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • The function of the sinus cavities within the cranial bone (skull) is not entirely clear. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sinus cavities lighten the skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • The continuous free margin of the nasal bones and maxillae in a dried skull is termed the piriform aperture. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The medial wall, or nasal septum, is formed (from anteiror to posterior) by (1) the septal cartilage (destroyed in a dried skull), (2) the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and (3) the vomer (fig. 52-2 B). It is usually deviated to one side. (dartmouth.edu)
  • Small-caliber low velocity bullets may intersect skull base, causing significant damage to the brain and a communication between endocranium and paranasal sinuses. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the bones of the skull and facial bones. (medscape.com)
  • Behind the posteromedial wall of the maxillary sinus lies the pterygopalatine fossa, a small inverted space that houses several important neurovascular structures and communicates with several skull base foramina. (medscape.com)
  • The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the bones of the skull and face. (medscape.com)
  • Learning objectives  Know the different bones of the skull and face? (slideshare.net)
  • Bone of the base of the skull Maxilla bone 1. (slideshare.net)
  • METHODS: Between January 1, 2013, and September 6, 2014, 597 skull base computed tomography scans were performed to evaluate inner ear disease in patients with no history of paranasal sinus disease or endonasal surgery. (unifesp.br)
  • The skull is the skeleton of the head , a series of bones from its two parts, the Neurocranium and Facial skull. (medmuv.com)
Inferior4
  • The lateral wall is uneven and complicated and is formed by several bones: nasal, maxilla, lacrimal and ethmoid, inferior nasal concha, perpendicular plate of palatine, and medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid (fig. 52-2 A). The lateral wall presents three or four medial projections termed nasal conchae, which overlie passages (meatuses). (dartmouth.edu)
  • Most anterior ethmoidal cells open on an elevation (ethmoidal bulla, fig. 52-3 B). A curved slit (hiatus semilunaris) inferior to the bulla receives the opening of the maxillary sinus. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus and lies inferior to the eyes in the maxillary bone. (medscape.com)
  • 6 Cranial and facial Bones  Inferior nasal concha: surrounded anteriorly by maxillary bone  Lacrimal bone: visible between maxilla anteriorly and ethmoid posteriorly  Palatine bone 1. (slideshare.net)
Anterior6
  • The frontal sinus and some anterior ethmoidal cells open either into an extension (ethmoidal infundibulum) of the hiatus or directly into the anterior part (frontal recess) of the middle meatus. (dartmouth.edu)
  • Sinuses, anterior and sectioned views. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior maxillary sinus wall houses the infraorbital nerve, which runs through the infraorbital canal along the roof of the sinus and sends branches to the soft tissues of the cheek. (medscape.com)
  • The thinnest portion of the anterior wall is above the canine tooth, called the canine fossa, which is an ideal entry site for addressing various disease processes of the maxillary sinus. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior wall of the frontal sinus, which separates the sinus from the anterior cranial fossa, is much thinner than its anterior wall. (medscape.com)
  • Bones making bridge of nose palpable on anterior surfaces 2. (slideshare.net)
Sella Turcica2
  • The base width and length of the ACP, complete carotid-clinoid foramen and sella turcica bridge, and sphenoid sinus pneumatization volume were assessed. (unifesp.br)
  • ACP pneumatization was present in 25.5% of scans, and carotid-clinoid foramen and sella turcica bridge were present in 14.2% and 14.4% of scans, respectively. (unifesp.br)
Occurring in the frontal1
Computed tomography1
Drainage5
  • Patients can be treated by "reducing the swelling or inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses, eliminating the infection, promoting drainage from the sinuses, and maintaining open sinuses" (WebMD). (wikipedia.org)
  • The nasal cavity also functions to facilitate drainage for the secretions from the adjacent paranasal sinuses. (nih.gov)
  • Decongestants, corticosteroid nasal sprays, and application of heat and humidity may help relieve symptoms and improve sinus drainage. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Recurrent sinusitis may require surgery to improve sinus drainage. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Common risk factors for sinusitis include factors that obstruct normal sinus drainage (eg, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, nasogastric or nasotracheal tubes, nasal packing) and immunocompromised states (eg, diabetes, HIV infection). (merckmanuals.com)
Venous1
  • Additional comment: The venous sinuses are patent. (claripacs.com)
Inflammation3
Orbital5
  • It may occur as a complication of spreading infection from the ethmoid, sphenoid, or frontal sinuses or from midfacial, dental, or orbital infections. (medscape.com)
  • Usually there is no need for emergency treatment in orbital floor/medial wall fractures unless there is severe ongoing hemorrhage in the orbital cavity, the paranasal, or nasal cavity. (aofoundation.org)
  • It can gain access to the brain either via spread from the orbital apex, cavernous sinus, through the cribriform plate, or through the blood vessels. (eyewiki.org)
  • Unites with frontal bone to form lateral orbital margin b. (slideshare.net)
  • medially, by the vertical part of the palatine bone with its orbital and sphenoidal processes. (medmuv.com)
Ostium3
  • The natural ostium of the maxillary sinus is located in the superior portion of the medial wall. (medscape.com)
  • The sphenoid sinus ostium is located on the anterosuperior surface of the sphenoid face, usually medial to the superior turbinate. (medscape.com)
  • In an upper respiratory infection (URI), the swollen nasal mucous membrane obstructs the ostium of a paranasal sinus, and the oxygen in the sinus is absorbed into the blood vessels of the mucous membrane. (merckmanuals.com)
Cribriform1
  • The roof of the nasal cavity is formed by nasal cartilages and several bones, chiefly the nasal and frontal bones, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid (fig. 52-1 ), and the body of the sphenoid. (dartmouth.edu)
Occlusion1
  • Rhinocerebral mucormycosis with internal carotid occlusion: report of two cases and review of the literature. (medscape.com)
Infections3
  • If left untreated, infections occurring in the sinus cavities can affect the chest and lungs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Certain causes of chronic sinusitis can be allergies that have been left untreated, bacterial or fungal infections within one or more of the sinus cavities or any allergic disorders which targets and increases the sensitivity of the mucous membrane linings which surround the sinus cavities and nasal passages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Untreated allergies are one of the main contributing factors to the development of sinus infections. (wikipedia.org)
Palatine bone1
  • The floor, wider than the roof, is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone, i.e., by the palate. (dartmouth.edu)
Nose4
  • In common usage, "sinus" usually refers to the paranasal sinuses, which are air cavities in the cranial bones, especially those near the nose and connecting to it. (wikipedia.org)
  • with the affected individual displaying symptoms such as congestion, post nasal drip, halitosis, a runny nose as well as sinus pressure and pain in the affected areas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with sinus fractures in the periorbital region should not blow their nose in order to avoid additional emphysema due to acute pressure rise. (aofoundation.org)
  • The term includes the external nose , the nasal cavity , and the PARANASAL SINUSES . (lookformedical.com)
Metastasis1
  • Left untreated, ROCM can progress to acute vision loss, metastasis (brain, sinuses) and death [1] [2] . (eyewiki.org)
Mucormycosis1
  • Mucormycosis commonly begins after the paranasal inhalation of spores and the formation of coenocytic hyphae that can spread. (eyewiki.org)
Cavities7
  • The word "sinusitis" is used to indicate that one or more of the membrane linings found in the sinus cavities has become inflamed or infected. (wikipedia.org)
  • Frontal sinus cavities which can be found above the eyes (more in the forehead region). (wikipedia.org)
  • Maxillary sinus cavities are located on either side of the nostrils (cheekbone areas). (wikipedia.org)
  • Beliefs about their possible function include: Sinus cavities allow for voice resonance They help filter and add moisture to any air that is inhaled through the nasal passages and in the removal of unwanted particles from the sinus cavities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sinus cavities allow space to accommodate for growth Sinus cavities may serve as shock absorption upon trauma If one or more of the paired paranasal sinuses or air cavities becomes inflamed, it leads to an infection called sinusitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 3 ] The frontal sinuses are funnel-shaped structures with their ostia located in the most dependent portion of the cavities. (medscape.com)
  • This cavity is divided into two separate cavities by the septum and kept patent by a bone and cartilaginous framework. (nih.gov)
Temporal Bone2
  • Congenital primary stenosis of the internal auditory canal (IAC) may exist in isolation or along with a number of other osseous anomalies of the temporal bone. (nyu.edu)
  • Unites with temporal bone to form zygomatic arch  Nasal bones and cartilages 1. (slideshare.net)
Trigeminal1
Foramen1
Cavity9
Neoplasm1
Secretions1
  • A person with a sinus infection often has nasal congestion with thick nasal secretions, fever, and cough (WebMD). (wikipedia.org)
Maxillary bone1
  • The air space located in the body of the MAXILLARY BONE near each cheek. (lookformedical.com)
Frontal bone1
Posterior2
  • The spheno-ethmoidal recess, above and posterior to the superior concha, receives the opening of the sphenoidal sinus. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The sphenoid sinus empties into the posterior roof. (nih.gov)
Palsy2
  • This report is unique in two aspects: the unilateral abducens nerve palsy as the initial and isolated symptom of ENKL, and the primary sphenoidal sinus ENKL. (hindawi.com)
  • Herein we report a case with unilateral abducens nerve palsy as initial symptom in the primary sphenoidal sinus ENKL and investigated the clinical feature of the diagnosis and therapy. (hindawi.com)
Thin-walled1
Turbinates1
  • The lateral walls are spiral shaped mucosal folds that overlie the turbinates and sinus ducts draining into the ostia. (nih.gov)