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ClonidineCardiac OutputAntihypertensive AgentsBlood PressureHypertensionHemodynamicsAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsHeart RateThermodilutionMyocytes, CardiacCardiac Output, LowHeartVascular ResistanceHydrochlorothiazideDiureticsAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsMethyldopaAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsDye Dilution TechniqueAtenololCardiac Output, HighRats, Inbred SHRHydralazineAmlodipineTime FactorsCardiac Surgical ProceduresCardiography, ImpedanceAdrenergic alpha-AntagonistsSympatholyticsCalcium Channel BlockersDogsAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsSodium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsStroke VolumeRegional Blood FlowYohimbineArrhythmias, CardiacNorepinephrineChlorthalidoneImidazoline ReceptorsOxygen ConsumptionDouble-Blind MethodPreanesthetic MedicationGuanfacineHeart FailureReceptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2Myocardial ContractionDose-Response Relationship, DrugTreatment OutcomeCatheterization, Swan-GanzDoxazosinHeart Function TestsEchocardiographyReceptors, Adrenergic, alphaBlood Pressure DeterminationDeath, Sudden, CardiacMyocardiumPulmonary CirculationHeart VentriclesBlood VolumeMonitoring, PhysiologicCardiac CatheterizationCardiac Pacing, ArtificialCaptoprilProspective StudiesPropranololTetrazolesPrazosinBlood CirculationReninEnalaprilCardiomegalyHeart DiseasesBlood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryHypotensionSystoleDrug Therapy, CombinationVentricular Function, LeftLisinoprilRats, Sprague-DawleyHypertension, RenalHypertrophy, Left VentricularElectrocardiographyAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersSympathetic Nervous SystemCardiac TamponadePhysical ExertionCardiovascular SystemRats, Inbred WKYEpinephrineOxygenCatecholaminesRisk FactorsLosartanTrichlormethiazideCardiovascular Physiological PhenomenaAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsIndicator Dilution TechniquesNifedipineImidazoles

MethyldopaOral AntihypertensiveHypertensionAntianginal and antiarrhythmicInhibitorsAgonistHydrochloride tabletsAmlodipineAlpha blockersHypertensiveMyocardialCLINICAL PHARMACOLOGYWithdrawalDiureticsSedationFully elucidatedMechanismVasodilationSystemicStimulatesPharmacologicalCentrallyPeripheral resistanceGlycosidesCongestiveDiltiazemSystolicReceptorsWorkloadArrhythmiasAdrenergic receptorPatient'sBeta blockersDrugBradycardiaToleranceAgentsEffectCalciumVentricularResistance

Methyldopa1

• Clonidine, Methyldopa, Moxonidine, Rilmenidine): Concomitant use of these drugs with Bisoprolol may lead to reduction of heart rate and cardiac output, as well as to vasodilation. (medeasy.health)

Oral Antihypertensive1

• High blood pressure levels that produce no signs or symptoms of target organ damage may be treated without hospitalization through an increase in or reestablishment of previously prescribed oral antihypertensive medication. (nursingcenter.com)

Hypertension11

• Clonidine hydrochloride USP tablets are indicated in the treatment of hypertension. (prescriptiondrugs.com)
• Clonidine hydrochloride is suitable for the treatment of hypertension. (ballyabio.com)
• Clonidine is a central alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that is FDA approved for the treatment of hypertension . (wikidoc.org)
• Hypertension treatment with clonidine can be administered orally (tablets) or by transdermal patches. (wikidoc.org)
• Beta blockers may exacerbate the rebound hypertension which can follow the withdrawal of clonidine. (druglib.com)
• Hypertension can result from an increase in cardiac output (heart rate multiplied by stroke volume), an increase in peripheral resistance, or both. (affordablenursingessays.com)
• Antihypertensive agents are medications used to lower blood pressure and treat hypertension. (pharmacologymentor.com)
• Selectively blocks ß1 adrenergic receptor in the heart and vascular smooth muscle and reduces heart rate and cardiac output resulting in decrease of arterial hypertension. (com.bd)
• Hydrochlorothiazide is approved for the management of hypertension, alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. (medscape.com)
• Chlorthalidone is indicated for the management of hypertension either alone or in combination with other antihypertensives. (medscape.com)
• Because of the potential for serious adverse effects, Mandi (Mandi (Mandi (Mandi tablets) tablets) tablets) tablets are indicated only in the treatment of hypertension that is symptomatic or associated with target organ damage and is not manageable with maximum therapeutic doses of a diuretic plus two other antihypertensive drugs. (pillintrip.com)

Antianginal and antiarrhythmic2

• This medication has antihypertensive, antianginal and antiarrhythmic action. (medicatione.com)
• It has antihypertensive, antianginal and antiarrhythmic effects. (bestpharmbuy.com)

Inhibitors1

• Sectral may interact with allergy treatments (or if you are undergoing allergy skin-testing), clonidine, guanabenz, MAO inhibitors, diabetes medications, heart medications, medicines for asthma or other breathing disorders, cold medicines, stimulant medicines, or diet pills. (rxlist.com)

Agonist3

• Clonidine hydrochloride, USP is a centrally acting alpha-agonist hypotensive agent available as tablets for oral administration in three dosage strengths: 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg and 0.3 mg. (nih.gov)
• Guanfacine hydrochloride is a centrally acting antihypertensive with α 2 -adrenoceptor agonist properties in tablet form for oral administration. (nih.gov)
• The re- sponses to the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine are also abnormal in panic disorder patients. (allforexindicators.com)

Hydrochloride tablets4

• Clonidine hydrochloride tablets act relatively rapidly. (nih.gov)
• Clonidine hydrochloride tablets contain the following inactive ingredients: lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, and sodium starch glycolate. (prescriptiondrugs.com)
• The following less frequent adverse experiences have also been reported in patients receiving clonidine hydrochloride tablets, but in many cases patients were receiving concomitant medication and a causal relationship has not been established. (prescriptiondrugs.com)
• Clonidine hydrochloride tablets must be adjusted according to the patient's individual blood pressure response. (wikidoc.org)

Amlodipine1

• Bisoprolol and Amlodipine combination increases the antihypertensive and anti-anginal efficacy by complementary mechanism of actions of the two active compounds: Vasoselective effect of the Amlodipine (decrease of peripheral resistance) and cardio-selective β-blocker Bisoprolol (decrease of cardiac output). (medeasy.health)

Alpha blockers1

• Drugs that counter the pressor effects of epinephrine include alpha blockers, vasodilators such as nitrates, diuretics, antihypertensives, and ergot alkaloids. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)

Hypertensive3

• In hypertensive volunteers, like clonidine, it significantly increased sinus node recovery time and lowered cardiac output. (wikipedia.org)
• thus hypertensive individuals experience an antihypertensive effect, whereas there is only a modest fall in blood pressure in normotensives. (guidelinecentral.com)
• Major organs of the body Motilium Buy Cheap to receive enough the treatment of hypertensive urgencies consequent to clonidine withdrawal. (ddtpsod.com)

Myocardial2

• May induce potentially serious cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial ischemia, particularly in patients with underlying heart disease. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
• It lowers the automatism of the sinus node, reduces heart rate, slows AV conduction, reduces contractility and myocardial excitability, reduces cardiac output, reduces the need for oxygen in the myocardium. (bestpharmbuy.com)

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY1

• Clinical pharmacology studies have demonstrated the beta-blocking activity of metoprolol, as shown by (1) reduction in heart rate and cardiac output at rest and upon exercise, (2) reduction of systolic blood pressure upon exercise, (3) inhibition of isoproterenol-induced tachycardia, and (4) reduction of reflex orthostatic tachycardia. (pillsync.com)

Withdrawal1

• If the two drugs are coadministered, the beta blocker should be withdrawn several days before the gradual withdrawal of clonidine. (druglib.com)

Diuretics3

• Thiazide diuretics are used as monotherapy, or they can be administered adjunctively with other antihypertensive agents. (medscape.com)
• Potassium-sparing diuretics have a weak diuretic and antihypertensive effect when used alone. (medscape.com)
• It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. (rxlist.com)

Sedation1

• Analgesia, sedation, and neuromuscular blockade during targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest. (mainehealth.org)

Fully elucidated2

• The exact relationship of these pharmacologic actions to the antihypertensive effect of clonidine has not been fully elucidated. (nih.gov)
• The mechanism of the antihypertensive effects of beta-blocking agents has not been fully elucidated. (pillsync.com)

Mechanism2

• Guanfacine hydrochloride is an orally active antihypertensive agent whose principal mechanism of action appears to be stimulation of central α 2 -adrenergic receptors. (nih.gov)
• Activation of this receptor type centrally reduces sympathetic outflow, which is the proposed mechanism that accounts for antihypertensive actions noted following clonidine administration. (pharmacology2000.com)

Vasodilation2

• Clonidine hydrochloride is a central antihypertensive drug, which can activate α2 receptors in the vascular motor center, causing peripheral sympathetic nerve inhibition, leading to vasodilation, reducing cardiac output, slowing heart rate, and lowering blood pressure. (ballyabio.com)
• Calcium channel blockers inhibit calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac cells, causing vasodilation and reduced cardiac workload. (pharmacologymentor.com)

Systemic2

• Blood pressure is calculated as the sum of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. (alldaytrending.com)
• However, these medications are contraindicated in patients with a it should be considered only as part of an patients who undergo a bypass may be expected toperform cardiac performance, and systemic hemodynamics. (ddtpsod.com)

Stimulates3

• Clonidine stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptors in the brain stem. (nih.gov)
• Clonidine acutely stimulates growth hormone release in both children and adults, but does not produce a chronic elevation of growth hormone with long-term use. (nih.gov)
• Pharmacology Clonidine stimulates brainstem α2-adrenal receptors. (ballyabio.com)

Pharmacological1

• Tiamenidine (BAN, USAN, INN, also known as thiamenidine, Hoe 440) is an imidazoline compound that shares many of the pharmacological properties of clonidine. (wikipedia.org)

Centrally1

• Centrally Acting Antihypertensive Drugs (e.g. (medeasy.health)

Peripheral resistance4

• Acute studies with clonidine hydrochloride in humans have demonstrated a moderate reduction (15% to 20%) of cardiac output in the supine position with no change in the peripheral resistance: at a 45° tilt there is a smaller reduction in cardiac output and a decrease of peripheral resistance. (nih.gov)
• During long term therapy, cardiac output tends to return to control values, while peripheral resistance remains decreased. (nih.gov)
• Blood pressure is the product of cardiac output multiplied by peripheral resistance. (affordablenursingessays.com)
• Pressor effects by direct alpha-and beta-adrenergic receptor activation are mediated by increases in arterial pressures, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance. (drugcentral.org)

Glycosides1

• Cardiac glycosides (Digitalis): Concomitant use with Bisoprolol may lead to a reduction of heart rate or an increase of atrio-ventricular conduction time. (medeasy.health)

Congestive1

• Severe congestive cardiac failure is an uncommon but recognized side effect of imatinib and mice treated with large doses of imatinib show toxic damage to their myocardium. (keralapharmacist.com)

Diltiazem2

• The therapeutic effects of diltiazem are believed to be related to its ability to inhibit the cellular influx of calcium ions during membrane depolarization of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. (guidelinecentral.com)
• Diltiazem produces its antihypertensive effect primarily by relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and the resultant decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. (guidelinecentral.com)

Systolic2

• This results in a reduction in resting heart rate, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and reflex orthostatic hypotension. (druglib.com)
• manifested lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, decreasing stroke volume and cardiac output. (medicatione.com)

Receptors1

• Beta-blockers inhibit the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine on beta-adrenergic receptors , decreasing heart rate and cardiac output. (pharmacologymentor.com)

Workload1

• Patient will participate in activities that reduce BP/cardiac workload. (affordablenursingessays.com)

Arrhythmias1

• Observe for development of cardiac arrhythmias. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)

Adrenergic receptor1

• Clonidine activates another type of adrenergic receptor, designated α 2 . (pharmacology2000.com)

Patient's1

• Patient will demonstrate stable cardiac rhythm and rate within patient's normal range. (affordablenursingessays.com)

Beta blockers1

• If replacing clonidine by beta-blocker therapy, the introduction of beta blockers should be delayed for several days after clonidine administration has stopped. (druglib.com)

Drug3

• Slowing of the pulse rate has been observed in most patients given clonidine, but the drug does not alter normal hemodynamic response to exercise. (nih.gov)
• Clonidine is an antihypertensive drug. (ballyabio.com)
• If additional control is required, increase the dosage to 100 mg once daily, or a second antihypertensive drug may be added. (medscape.com)

Bradycardia2

• The risk of hemodynamic instability, especially hypotension and bradycardia, from epidural clonidine may be unacceptable in these patients. (wikidoc.org)
• TENORMIN is contraindicated in sinus bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, and overt cardiac failure. (druglib.com)

Tolerance1

• Tolerance to the antihypertensive effect may develop in some patients, necessitating a reevaluation of therapy. (nih.gov)

Agents1

• Clonidine hydrochloride USP tablets may be employed alone or concomitantly with other antihypertensive agents. (prescriptiondrugs.com)

Effect2

• The antihypertensive effect is reached at plasma concentrations between about 0.2 and 2.0 ng/mL in patients with normal excretory function. (nih.gov)
• A further rise in the plasma levels will not enhance the antihypertensive effect. (nih.gov)

Calcium1

• Cervical vertebrae 1,2, …?Ca: Calcium?Ca: Cancer?Ca: Carcinoma?Ca: Cardiac arrest?Ca: Coronary artery?CA-125: A tumor marker for ovarian cancer?CAB: Cellulose acetate butyrate?CABG: Coronary artery bypass graft?CACI: Computer-Assisted Continuous Infusion?CAD: Coronary artery disease?CAG: ?CAH: Chronic active hepatitis?CAH: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia?calid. (kuwaitpharmacy.com)

Ventricular1

• To assess for signs of poor ventricular function or impending cardiac failure. (affordablenursingessays.com)

Resistance2

• Long-term antihypertensive effects of thiazides appear due to reduce vascular resistance. (pharmacology2000.com)
• After measuring cardiac output, vascular resistance, and intravascular news is that there are risks factors that at the same time keeps the blood pressure expansion underlying their treatment resistance. (exyto.com.mx)