• Action Potential of Cardiac Myocytes or Cardiac Muscle Cells. (byui.edu)
  • The basement membrane of myocytes is the boundary that separates the intracellular part of the cell from the extracellular environment. (microscopemaster.com)
  • MGF-2 is a growth factor that is naturally present in the heart as well as cardiac myocytes and possesses growth promoting and cardioprotective properties, which make it an important therapeutic tool for reducing or preventing damage by ischemia and/or improving cardiac prognosis subsequent to cardiac injury. (umanitoba.ca)
  • In addition, my results also demonstrate that endogenous production of FGF-2 can be targeted and is significantly increased in adult mouse cardiac myocytes using the natural catecholamine, norepinephrine. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Overexpression of FGFR-1 resulted in FGF-2 mediated mitogenic response in FGFR-1 deficient cardiac H9c2 cells as well as primary neonatal cardiac myocytes. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Organelle Ca2+ dynamics of cardiac muscle were studied using fluorescent indicators and a bioluminescent Ca2+ probe, namely aequorin that was targeted to SR. Enzymatically dissociated adult cardiac myocytes were subjected to prolonged incubation with acetoxymethyl (AM) derivatives of Fura-2, FuraFF and MgFura-2 which each have different Ca2+ affinities. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Leslie explains how action potentials are generated by the cardiac cells of the heart and how the release of calcium can generate heart contraction . (interactive-biology.com)
  • My name is Leslie Samuel and in this episode, Episode 47, I'm going to be talking about action potentials and contraction in cardiac muscle cells. (interactive-biology.com)
  • For a refresher of how that works, you can go back to Episode 42 where I talked about calcium release and how that causes muscle contraction. (interactive-biology.com)
  • The Ca2+ current is also essential for triggering contraction in contractile muscle cell types. (byui.edu)
  • In addition to prolonging the action potential, the Ca 2+ that is entering the cell plays a critical role in triggering muscle contraction (more on this later). (byui.edu)
  • In addition, it contributes to the excitation and contraction coupling through the transverse tubules (invaginations of the sarcolemma into the cytoplasm of cardiac cells). (microscopemaster.com)
  • These structures allow the depolarizing current to flow through the cardiac muscle cells from one to another and thus contribute to the contraction and relaxation of the cells. (microscopemaster.com)
  • This prevents the cells of the cardiac muscles from pulling apart during contraction. (microscopemaster.com)
  • This influx of calcium causes calcium-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and free Ca2+ causes muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Coordinated contraction of ventricular cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike skeletal muscle , which contracts in response to nerve stimulation, and like single unit smooth muscle, cardiac muscle is myogenic , meaning that it is self-excitable stimulating contraction without a requisite electrical impulse coming from the central nervous system. (wikidoc.org)
  • Intercalated discs support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue. (wikidoc.org)
  • If synchronization of cardiac muscle contraction is disrupted for some reason (for example, in a heart attack ), uncoordinated contraction known as fibrillation can result. (wikidoc.org)
  • The rhythmic contraction of cardiac muscle is regulated by the sinoatrial node, the heart's pacemaker. (britannica.com)
  • Highly functional cardiomyocytes-the muscle cells responsible for the contraction of the heart-are important for disease modeling, drug screening, and other regenerative medicine approaches. (universityresearchpark.org)
  • Finally, in vivo genetic suppression experiments, designed to ameliorate cardiac decline during troponin-T-mediated disease, will resolve novel interactions among thin filament components involved in regulating muscle contraction. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Direct arteriolar smooth muscle contraction. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • The cardiac cycle refers to events that occur during one heart beat and is split into ventricular systole (contraction/ejection phase) and diastole (relaxation/filling phase). (medscape.com)
  • causes skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, interferes with neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission, depolarizes nerve, muscle and blood cell membranes, thus causing hemolysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cardiac conduction system (CCS) (also called the electrical conduction system of the heart) transmits the signals generated by the sinoatrial node - the heart's pacemaker, to cause the heart muscle to contract, and pump blood through the body's circulatory system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The conduction system consists of specialized heart muscle cells, situated within the myocardium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryologic evidence of generation of the cardiac conduction system illuminates the respective roles of this specialized set of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to maximize efficiency of contractions and cardiac output, the conduction system of the heart has: Substantial atrial to ventricular delay. (wikipedia.org)
  • Li et al, Development 2019) as well as the developing cardiac conduction system at embryonic day 16.5 of mouse development (Goodyer et al, Circulation Research 2019). (stanford.edu)
  • The researchers discovered that reducing an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1), in cardiac muscle cells , also known as cardiomyocytes, activates and worsens cardiac dysfunction . (medicalxpress.com)
  • The researchers used mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes, mice with a genetic deletion of the FUNDC1 gene, control mice with no genetic deficiencies and the cardiac tissues of patients with heart failure. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Also known as myocardiocytes, cardiomyocytes are cells that make up the heart muscle/cardiac muscle. (microscopemaster.com)
  • In human beings, as well as many other animals, cardiomyocytes are the first cells to terminally differentiate thus making the heart one of the first organs to form in a developing fetus. (microscopemaster.com)
  • Although cardiomyocytes contain many of the organelles found in other animal cells, they also contain others (e.g. myofibrils) that allow them to effectively perform their function. (microscopemaster.com)
  • While cardiomyocytes are muscle cells, they are different from other muscle cells in a number of ways. (microscopemaster.com)
  • Unlike other muscle cells in the body, cardiomyocytes are highly resistant to fatigue and therefore always contracting and relaxing to ensure proper circulation of blood around the body. (microscopemaster.com)
  • It serves as the mechanical linkage between the cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes) through the specialized intercalated disks. (microscopemaster.com)
  • We identified 4'HC, 4-fluoro-4'-methoxychalcone, and 4-fluoro-4'-hydroxychalcone as similarly effective in cardiac mesoderm induction, but only 4'HC as an effective replacement for BMP4 in the derivation of contractile EHM-forming cardiomyocytes. (mbexc.de)
  • 2. The signal from FuraFF-AM loaded cardiomyocytes appears to be almost exclusively from mitochondria with no contribution by SR. Parallel studies were done with SR vesicles and mitochondria prepared from cardiac tissue. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We were interested in the developmental potential of single cardiac progenitor cell into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Cardiomyocytes are the cells that make up the cardiac muscles and are responsible for the heart's contractile function. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Specialized cardiomyocytes like human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are especially attractive cell models because they express GPCRs and ion channels that provide gene expression profiles as well as phenotypic characteristics while demonstrating spontaneous mechanical and electrical activity similar to native cardiac cells. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) can be used to identify and evaluate the effects of potentially cardiotoxic compounds. (moleculardevices.com)
  • The assays use iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes loaded with a calcium-sensitive dye and allow you to monitor the compound impact on oscillating calcium within the cells as they beat. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Spontaneous calcium oscillation acquired with FLIPR Calcium Assay Kit and the FLIPR system from iPSC cardiomyocytes or 3D cardiac spheroids can be paired with cytotoxicity and mitochondrial integrity data from the ImageXpress confocal system for comprehensive phenotypic analysis and bioactivity profiling of both pharmaceutical and environmental compounds. (moleculardevices.com)
  • The FLIPR Penta system allows you to measure and analyze peaks of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), differentiated into cardiomyocytes and neurons, up to 100 times per second and quickly cherry pick events such as Early Afterdepolarization-like events (EAD-like events), fibrillation, and irregular beating. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Because the myocardium, the muscular wall of the heart, is a high-energy-demand tissue, mitochondria play a central role in maintaining optimal cardiac performance. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Another cell type involved in acute reaction to tissue injury are mast cells. (fupress.net)
  • In the amastigote form, parasites can multiply in the cells of virtually every organ and tissue. (medscape.com)
  • The reason for this change lies in certain cell types - the so-called connective tissue cells (fibroblasts) or the endothelial cells of our blood vessels. (mpg.de)
  • Instead of activating a genetic program that reprograms fibroblasts and endothelial cells to support regeneration, they now form myofibroblasts in injured tissue - the very cells that are thought to be responsible for fibrosis in humans. (mpg.de)
  • This transmission of impulses makes cardiac muscle tissue similar to nerve tissue, although cardiac muscle cells are notably connected to each other by intercalated discs . (wikidoc.org)
  • Over the last decade, scientists have experimented with using stem cells to heal or replace the scarred tissue that mars the heart after a heart attack. (technologyreview.com)
  • Scientists from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, in Massachusetts, have shown that cells derived from human bone marrow, known as mesenchymal stem cells, can survive on the threads and maintain their ability to differentiate into different cell types after being sewn through a collagen matrix that mimics tissue. (technologyreview.com)
  • Gaudette's team is now studying the sutures in rats, to determine how long the cells remain at the injury site, and whether they can help heal tissue. (technologyreview.com)
  • The predominant idea is that the cells, rather than forming new tissue themselves, release growth factors and other molecules that spur the growth of new blood vessels. (technologyreview.com)
  • They may also signal resident cells to begin dividing in order to grow new tissue. (technologyreview.com)
  • Tissue engineers are developing a number of different methods for delivering stem cells to a wounded heart, including growing patches of beating heart muscle. (technologyreview.com)
  • The research is also part of a larger trend to combine stem cells with tissue engineering and novel biomaterials to help cells grow more naturally and to improve their survival rate once implanted. (technologyreview.com)
  • Both miRNAs and siRNAs need to be delivered into the target tissue or cell in order to activate the desired therapeutic effect," Muthiah Manoharan, Ph.D., senior vp, drug discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, explained. (genengnews.com)
  • muscle , contractile tissue found in animals , the function of which is to produce motion . (britannica.com)
  • Muscle is contractile tissue grouped into coordinated systems for greater efficiency . (britannica.com)
  • Striated muscle is almost exclusively attached to the skeleton and constitutes the bulk of the body's muscle tissue. (britannica.com)
  • however, significant vacuolization is present in the heart's connective tissue cells of the heart valves. (medscape.com)
  • We investigate conserved myopathic (muscle disease) processes and perform hierarchical and integrative analysis of muscle function from the level of single molecules and macromolecular complexes through the level of the tissue itself. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. (cellsignal.com)
  • Capillaries carry blood to tissue cells and are the exchange sites of nutrients, gases, wastes, etc. (medscape.com)
  • The right and left coronary arteries branch from the ascending aorta and, through their branches (anterior and posterior interventricular, marginal and circumflex arteries), supply the heart muscle (myocardial) tissue. (medscape.com)
  • They are subdivided into larger conducting arteries, smaller distributing arteries, and the smallest arteries, known as arterioles, that supply the capillary bed (the site of active tissue cells gas exchange). (medscape.com)
  • The key elements of tissue engineering are stem cells, morphogen, and a scaffold of extracellular matrix. (bvsalud.org)
  • Postnatal stem cells have been sourced from umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord, bone marrow, peripheral blood, body fat, and almost all body tissues, including the pulp tissue of teeth 8 . (bvsalud.org)
  • These dental stem cells are considered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and possess different levels of capacities to become specific tissue forming cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Staining with Tin reveals its expression in the heart and in the cephalic vascular rudiment cells (cvr). (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DC) are involved in the regulation of immune responses and in the organization of inflammatory cell infiltrates in vascular wall, even independent of immune reactions. (fupress.net)
  • Phosphine is a respiratory tract irritant that attacks primarily the cardiovascular and respiratory systems causing peripheral vascular collapse, cardiac arrest and failure, and pulmonary edema. (cdc.gov)
  • It is also responsible for inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factors receptors, plateletderived growth factor receptors, and stem cell factor receptor [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Central role of metabolism in endothelial cell function and vascular disease. (koreamed.org)
  • Using a transgenic model system, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, we will produce models of human myosin-based muscle disease (distal arthrogryposis) and heart disease (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) to determine the molecular defects that cause abnormal skeletal and cardiac muscle function. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Then, when it reaches the AV node and it spreads via the Purkinje fibers, that signal spreads to all of the muscle cells in the ventricles, causing the ventricles to contract. (interactive-biology.com)
  • Gap junctions, which are part of the sarcolemma, are channels between adjacent fibers of the cardiac muscle. (microscopemaster.com)
  • Unlike gap junctions, desmosomes, also part of the sarcolemma, serve to anchor ends of cardiac muscle fibers together. (microscopemaster.com)
  • Interspersed among the degenerating fibers is a marked mixed inflammatory cell exudate, which becomes primarily mononuclear with time. (medscape.com)
  • Phosphorylation of P-light chain increased tension in both permeabilized cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The cells grow along polymer fibers, shown here in green. (technologyreview.com)
  • Autologous transplantation of cardiac stem cells improves recovery of cardiac function in miniature pigs. (cardiothoracalechirurgie.be)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for applications in cell therapy and drug screening in the cardiovascular field. (mbexc.de)
  • Polymer threads coated with stem cells might one day heal damaged cardiac muscle. (technologyreview.com)
  • Now researchers have developed a new kind of biological sutures, made from polymer strands infused with stem cells, that might help surmount two major obstacles to using stem cells to heal the heart: getting the cells to the right spot and keeping them there long enough to trigger healing. (technologyreview.com)
  • Hair-thin threads seeded with stem cells (marked in red and blue) could help heal the heart. (technologyreview.com)
  • For example, in human studies of injected mesenchymal stem cells, only one percent to about 10 percent of injected cells remained at the site after injection. (technologyreview.com)
  • the tube slowly rotates, so the stem cells can adhere to the full circumference of the suture. (technologyreview.com)
  • That was until last year when Doug Melton and his team at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute did the equivalent of sending the cellular doctors directly to law school. (ca.gov)
  • Shinya Yamanaka was the first to reprogram adult cells to an embryonic state called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (ca.gov)
  • Cells from the blood samples are reprogrammed into clinical-grade human induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be distributed to recipients for regenerative medicine. (wjgnet.com)
  • The testis is the natural stem cell reservoir for the formation of male germ cells. (phys.org)
  • We also use human stem cells as a test-tube model to study the process of heart formation and to create new human heart tissues and organs from these stem cells. (stanford.edu)
  • 1. Development of a ML/AI pipeline for the prediction of subtypes and differentiation stage of developing mouse cardiac cells from mesoderm to birth and from in vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). (stanford.edu)
  • Somatic cells can be directly reprogrammed to alternative differentiated fates without first becoming stem/progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • The REAC action bypassed a persistent reprogramming toward an induced pluripotent stem cell-like state and involved the transcriptional induction of the NADPH oxidase subunit Nox4. (nih.gov)
  • Literature review: This review summarizes current knowledge, barriers, and challenges in the clinical use of adult stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors for the development and evaluation of regenerative endodontic therapies. (bvsalud.org)
  • The major areas of research that might have application in the development of regenerative endodontic techniques are (a) postnatal stem cells, (b) scaffold materials, (c) morphogen/growth factors, (d) implantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most valuable cells for regenerative endodontics are postnatal or adult stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • All tissues originate from stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • A stem cell is commonly defined as a cell that has the ability to continuously divide and produce progeny cells that differentiate (develop) into various other types of cells or tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on their origin, there are two main types of stem cells - embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and postnatal or adult stem cells (AS cells). (bvsalud.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells are stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early, preimplantation stage embryo known as a blastocyst. (bvsalud.org)
  • This explains why researchers are now focusing attention on developing stem cell therapies using postnatal stem cells donated by the patients themselves or their close relatives. (bvsalud.org)
  • To date, four types of human dental stem cells have been isolated and characterized: (i) dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 12 (ii) stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) 21 (iii) stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) 31 (iv) periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) 28 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Reducing a protein found in the mitochondria of cardiac muscle cells initiates cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, a finding that could provide insight for new treatments for cardiovascular diseases, a study led by Georgia State University has shown. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Also, disrupting how FUNDC1 binds to a particular receptor inhibited the release of calcium from another cell structure, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), into the mitochondria of these cells and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction and heart failure . (medicalxpress.com)
  • Cardiac muscle has abundant mitochondria that depend on aerobic respiration primarily to generate adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), the molecule that provides energy for cellular function (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is key for early cardiac mesoderm induction in hPSC and subsequent cardiomyocyte derivation. (mbexc.de)
  • Based on observations that chalcones can stimulate BMP4 signaling pathways, we hypothesized their utility in cardiac mesoderm induction. (mbexc.de)
  • Mice with the genetic deletion of FUNDC1 had markedly reduced ventricular filling velocities, prolonged left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time, diastolic dysfunction, decreased cardiac output (which indicates impaired systolic functions) and interstitial fibrosis of the myocardium, among other issues. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In a functional syncytium, electrical impulses propagate freely between cells in every direction, so that the myocardium functions as a single contractile unit. (wikipedia.org)
  • The myocardium often has diffuse fibrosis, with a small number of mononuclear cells scattered throughout. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls of the myocardium . (wikidoc.org)
  • 2) Investigate the effect of aging on passive mechanical properties of Drosophila myocardium with cardiac-specific overexpression of the transcription factor FOXO, which is known to rejuvenate cardiac performance and promote muscle proteostasis in senescent flies. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Granulosa Cells, Cumulus MH - Coronary Sinus UI - D054326 MN - A07.231.908.194.500 MS - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, there are several types of K+ channels found in cardiac muscle. (byui.edu)
  • Genogroups B and C or necrotic areas were found in cardiac muscle. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent Accomplishments - Starting in 2013, we incorporated Fluidigm-based multiplex single cell PCR equipment HD Biomark to analyze the differentiation of single cardiac progenitor cells in vitro and found that Nkx2.5 expression marks a subpopulation of committed endocardial precursor cells in the mouse heart (Li et al, Development 2015). (stanford.edu)
  • Up-regulation of autophagy induces endothelial cell regeneration/differentiation and improves the function of impaired ones. (koreamed.org)
  • Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells during systole propel blood out of the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels of the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems . (wikidoc.org)
  • Specialized pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node normally determine the overall rate of contractions, with an average resting pulse of 72 beats per minute. (wikidoc.org)
  • Since cardiac muscle is myogenic, the pacemaker serves only to modulate and coordinate contractions. (wikidoc.org)
  • A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has found that triclosan interferes with human muscle contractions at the cellular level. (nyhealthinsurer.com)
  • The research described in this thesis is focussed on developing and testing multiple strategies to regulate cardiac myocyte protection and regeneration in an effort to provide the basis for novel treatments and/or prevention of cardiac disease. (umanitoba.ca)
  • FGF-2 signaling also plays a major role in embryonic and neonatal cardiac myocyte proliferation 'in vitro' and as a result, is implicated in cardiac regeneration. (umanitoba.ca)
  • In conclusion, my doctoral studies have provided substantial evidence that regulating the FGF-2 axis can be used as a means to exploit the effects of FGF-2 on cardioprotection and cardiac myocyte regeneration in an effort to provide the basis for novel treatments and prevention strategies for cardiac disease. (umanitoba.ca)
  • This phenomenon could even be experimentally reversed in certain cells, so that these cells once again participate in regeneration. (mpg.de)
  • In a next step, the researchers now want to investigate whether and how human cells could also be induced to activate such a cell regeneration program. (mpg.de)
  • Half of the cells in the heart are fibroblasts, so the ability to call upon this reservoir of cells already in the organ to become beating heart cells has tremendous promise for cardiac regeneration. (ca.gov)
  • There are limited numbers of publications about ES cells in pulp regeneration, due to the restricted policies regarding ES cell research over the past few years. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mitochondrial signals were very similar to that from permeabilised cells. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The pathogenesis is multifactorial and involves dysregulation in the signaling pathways, membrane lipids ratio disturbance, cell-cell adhesion disturbance, unfolded protein response, lysosomal and mitochondrial stress, autophagy dysregulation, and oxidative stress. (koreamed.org)
  • Endothelial cells (EC) are the anatomical boundaries between the intravascular and extravascular space. (koreamed.org)
  • Fig. 2 Schematic presentation of the role of autophagy in endothelial cells. (koreamed.org)
  • Morbidity from shock may be widespread and can include central nervous system (CNS) failure, respiratory failure (ie, from muscle fatigue or acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]), renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, gastrointestinal ischemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), metabolic derangements, and ultimately death. (medscape.com)
  • Ultimately, cell membrane ion pump dysfunction occurs, acidosis progresses, intracellular edema develops, intracellular contents leak into the extracellular spaces, and cell death ensues. (medscape.com)
  • Damage to ECs is catastrophic and induces endothelial cell dysfunction. (koreamed.org)
  • Cardiotoxicity or cardiac toxicity is a term used to define chemicals that are toxic to the heart, causing muscle damage or heart electrophysiology dysfunction. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Other typical symptoms include autonomic dysfunction (postural tachycardia syndrome, POTS), and features of MAST Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS), new-onset food intolerance, diarrhoea. (medscape.com)
  • Muscle cells fuel their actions by converting chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is derived from the metabolism of food, into mechanical energy . (britannica.com)
  • We subsequently became interested in developing a developing heart expression atlas in order to identify the cell type, developmental stage, and anatomical location of each single cardiac cells during mouse heart development using a random forest-based computational algorithm that we termed ATLAS-seq. (stanford.edu)
  • In contrast to skeletal muscle , cardiac muscle cannot contract in the absence of extracellular calcium ions as well as extracellular potassium ions. (wikidoc.org)
  • Cardiomyocyte contractility and intracellular calcium level in response to increasing concentrations of adrenoreceptor agonist isoprenaline and extracellular calcium were assessed using a Myocyte Calcium Imaging/Cell Length System. (cdc.gov)
  • This is the phase that distinguishes the cardiac muscle action potential from other excitable tissues and is the result of the opening of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels . (byui.edu)
  • IHC-P: Human cervix carcinoma, mouse cardiac muscle and rat cerebral cortex tissues. (abcam.com)
  • Action potentials in cardiac muscle are significantly different from those in axons and skeletal muscle. (byui.edu)
  • In addition, action potentials differ among the different cell types. (byui.edu)
  • Let's walk through the phases of contractile cardiac muscle action potentials first. (byui.edu)
  • On the microscopic level, the wave of depolarization propagates to adjacent cells via gap junctions located on the intercalated disc. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intercalated discs conduct electrochemical potentials directly between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells via gap junctions . (wikidoc.org)
  • Adjacent cardiac cells are connected by intercalated discs containing desmosomes and gap junctions. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiac muscle has some similarities to neurons and skeletal muscle, as well as important unique properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac function becomes compromised when approximately 20% of the neurons are destroyed, whereas esophageal function remains normal even when 80% of the neurons are nonfunctioning. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to the chemical synapses used by neurons , electrical synapses , in the case of cardiac muscle, are created by ions flowing from cell to cell, known as an action potential . (wikidoc.org)
  • check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study investigated the effect of the trans-resveratrol supplementation on the cardiac oxidative stress in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. (bvsalud.org)
  • The supplementation of Trans-resveratrol attenuated the cardiac oxidative stress and increased the activity of catalase. (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings suggest that pulmonary exposure to welding fumes impairs cardiac function by decreasing cardiomyocyte contractility through a defect in the adrenergic signaling pathway and intracellular calcium handling. (cdc.gov)
  • ScreenWorks® Peak Pro Software offers the ability to analyze multi-peak calcium oscillation responses of cells-in particular, cardiomyocyte beat rate as well as temporal characteristics of peaks including rise, decrease, and amplitude. (moleculardevices.com)
  • These features are important to better understand in vitro cardiomyocyte function and the impact of toxic compounds that induce cardiac abnormalities such as hERG blocking potassium channels. (moleculardevices.com)
  • DO2 depends on the amount of blood pumped per minute, or cardiac output (CO), and the arterial oxygen content of that blood (CaO2). (medscape.com)
  • Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute. (medscape.com)
  • Vacuolization of peripheral Schwann cells is minimal but not enough to impair normal myelination. (medscape.com)
  • β 4 subunit abundance was increased, and it translocated to the nucleus, in cells treated with IFN-β, infected with dengue virus (DENV), or transfected with poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA. (utmb.edu)
  • Cardiac muscle cells are branching striated, uninucleate (single nucleus) cells that contain myofibrils. (medscape.com)
  • American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology , 250 (4 (19/4)), C657-C660. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Sweeney, HL & Stull, JT 1986, ' Phosphorylation of myosin in permeabilized mammalian cardiac and skeletal muscle cells ', American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology , vol. 250, no. 4 (19/4), pp. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We employ an array of imaging techniques to study "structural physiology" of cardiac and skeletal muscle. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Avoiding the embryonic state may avoid the tumor-causing potential of embryonic cells and may have other advantages, according to the Gladstone release. (ca.gov)
  • Heart-anchoring cells (HANCs) (in blue) dorsally overlap the aorta. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • There's an important feature about the heart muscle cells that you need to be aware of. (interactive-biology.com)
  • Thus, contractile cells in different regions of the heart show slightly different tracings at this phase due to different densities. (byui.edu)
  • As the chief cell type of the heart, cardiac cells are primarily involved in the contractile function of the heart that enables the pumping of blood around the body. (microscopemaster.com)
  • These changes disrupt the flow of potassium ions in the inner ear and in cardiac muscle, leading to hearing loss and an irregular heart rhythm characteristic of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our goal is to understand the structural and functional properties of excitable cells in the heart and brain across multiple length scales in order to decipher disease-relevant, nanoscale functional units in heart and nerve cells. (mbexc.de)
  • The heart is a functional syncytium as opposed to a skeletal muscle syncytium. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, injury to the heart caused by a heart attack or by chronic high blood pressure leads to scarring that negatively affects cardiac performance. (mpg.de)
  • The lower tip of the heart, called the apex, points toward the left hip and rests on the diaphragm (a membrane of muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity). (encyclopedia.com)
  • Preliminary tests in rats suggest that the technology helps the cells survive in the heart. (technologyreview.com)
  • One question that remains to be answered is whether the technology can be scaled up to deliver the hundreds of millions of cells needed to repair the heart wall. (technologyreview.com)
  • While both animal and human studies show that mesenchymal cells can boost heart function, it's not clear how. (technologyreview.com)
  • If you think of the heart as a damaged piece of material-a concept that I think is gaining traction-you're not going to want to randomly introduce cells," says Kenneth Chien , director of the Cardiovascular Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital. (technologyreview.com)
  • He reprogrammed mouse fibroblasts directly into primitive heart cells. (ca.gov)
  • Whether there are endogenous adult heart progenitors that can replenish damaged muscle cells remained controversial. (phys.org)
  • We reported previously that pulmonary exposure to welding fumes, manual metal arc-hard surfacing (MMAHS), has a negative impact on cardiac function as evidenced by reduced heart contractility. (cdc.gov)
  • In a normal heart (above), the electrical activity (shown in blue) sweeps across cardiac muscles in one quick wave. (discovermagazine.com)
  • But during a heart attack, the electrical excitation spreads randomly through the heart, shown in the lower image as a splotchy muddle of relaxed (red) and excited cells. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Cardioactive compounds are used in clinical treatment of heart failure, arrhythmia, or other cardiac diseases. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Cardiac toxicity can cause arrhythmias or heart failure. (moleculardevices.com)
  • The pumping action of the heart usually maintains a balance between cardiac output and venous return. (medscape.com)
  • A normal heart rate is approximately 72 beats/minute, and the cardiac cycle spreads over 0.8 seconds. (medscape.com)
  • Coronary sinus, normally located between the LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE on the posterior surface of the heart, can serve as an anatomical reference for cardiac procedures. (bvsalud.org)
  • In I-cell disease, the characteristic finding is abnormal vacuolization or inclusions that appear in the cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
  • However, in cardiac muscle cells, we have calcium that's being released that slows down the repolarization process and we get a phase that's referred to as the 'plateau. (interactive-biology.com)
  • Then, at a certain point, calcium gets pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, potassium also leaves as usual, and we get the repolarization of the cardiac muscle cells. (interactive-biology.com)
  • K+ current (I K ). K+ current is responsible for RMP and repolarization of all cardiac muscle cell types. (byui.edu)
  • After a delay, potassium channels reopen, and the resulting flow of K+ out of the cell causes repolarization to the resting state. (wikipedia.org)
  • and negative regulation of cell population proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • For information on therapeutic regulation of gene expression, see therapeutic gene modulation.Regulation of gene expression includes the processes that cells and viruses use to regulate the way that the information in genes is turned into gene products. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Autophagy is a remarkable patho (physiological) process in the cell homeostasis regulation including EC. (koreamed.org)
  • We are interested in basic mechanisms of striated muscle biology. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Project Description - The Wu Laboratory was among the earliest labs in the country to engage single cell biology using novel single cell tools as they become available. (stanford.edu)
  • In the embryo of a mouse, for instance, precursor cells of the cardiac muscles have been shown to start developing about 6 days after fertilization. (microscopemaster.com)
  • Regenerative endodontic procedures can be defined as biologically based procedures designed to replace damaged structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp-dentin complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • This gene encodes a protein that has been shown to function as a guanine nucleotide release factor in mouse and to regulate the expression and function of the Nav1.5 cardiac sodium channel in human. (nih.gov)
  • They regulate the excitability of cells and contribute to their resting membrane potential [ 1 , 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Our results show for the first time the feasibility of using a physical stimulus to afford the expression of pluripotentiality in human adult somatic cells up to the attainment of three major target lineages for regenerative medicine. (nih.gov)
  • Knocking down the β 4 subunit in H9c2 cells reduced the expression of IFN-β-stimulated genes. (utmb.edu)
  • Last, overexpressing β 4 in undifferentiated and differentiated H9c2 cells reduced DENV infection and decreased the abundance of the viral proteins NS1, NS3, and E-protein. (utmb.edu)
  • Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable. (cellsignal.com)
  • The aim of this paper is to analyse sunitinib malate in vitro ability to enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity in T24, 5637, and HT1376 human urinary bladder-cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • This investigation aims to analyse the in vitro effects of cisplatin and sunitinib malate in isolation and in combination, on one human nonmuscle invasive urinary bladder-cancer cell line (5637) and on two human muscle-invasive urinary bladder-cancer cell lines (T24 and HT1376). (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, there is a growing need for highly predictive in vitro cardiotoxicity assays that use biologically relevant 3D cell-based models and are suitable for high-throughput screening. (moleculardevices.com)
  • In collaboration with Eurofins, we discuss the assessment of potential cardiotoxicity of compounds with CiPA initiative, the new cardiac safety testing paradigm that includes in vitro assays using hiPSC-CM. (moleculardevices.com)
  • The development of highly predictive in vitro assays suitable for high-throughput screening is critical to improving the inefficiencies and high costs associated with cardiac safety compound failure. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Cytoskeletal proteins - Proteins that help maintain the shape of the cell, stabilize proteins of the sarcomere and maintain mechanical integrity as well as resistance. (microscopemaster.com)
  • In up to 40% of affected people, HCM is caused by a specific change (mutation) in one of the genes that make up a structure called the cardiac sarcomere , which allows muscle cells to contract. (cdc.gov)
  • Identifying and manipulating age- and mutation-dependent modifiers of cardiac function using the Drosophila model. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The chemical also affects muscle function in fish and mice. (nyhealthinsurer.com)
  • The team found that the chemical interferes with the signals between proteins which enable muscles to function. (nyhealthinsurer.com)
  • Reductions of cardiac muscle function and grip strength were noted by as much as 25 and 18 percent respectively. (nyhealthinsurer.com)
  • There is strong evidence that the chemical can impair muscle function, and the scientists are concerned about its implications to human health and the environment. (nyhealthinsurer.com)
  • The effects of triclosan on cardiac function were really dramatic. (nyhealthinsurer.com)
  • These results indicate that P-light chain phosphorylation affects actin-myosin interactions in cardiac and skeletal muscles at submaximal levels of Ca 2+ activation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The goal of this project is to examine the mechanism by which the myosin molecular motor functions in striated muscle. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • 2) Employ RNA interference to knockdown specific cardiac transcripts to determine their role in myopathic responses to the myosin mutations. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Sinusoids are specialized capillaries found in certain organs, such as the liver and spleen, that allow for the passage of larger molecules and cells. (proprofs.com)
  • The blood contains oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and immune and other functional cells that help provide for homeostasis and basic functions of human cells and organs. (medscape.com)
  • Drosophila melanogaster , the fruit fly, expresses both forms of striated muscle and benefits greatly from powerful genetic tools. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. (cellsignal.com)
  • My results have provided the first indication that levels of the high affinity receptor for FGF-2, FGFR-1, may limit cardiac cell proliferation. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Overexpression of the kinase-deficient TGF-B receptors (TGF-BRII) resulted in serum-induced cardiac myocyte cell cycle entry as well as an amplification of FGF-2 induced S phase entry (13 fold versus 3 fold with FGF-2 alone). (umanitoba.ca)
  • Cardiac muscle (red) with reprogrammed fibroblasts (green). (ca.gov)
  • Early enzymologic studies showed that cultured fibroblasts from patients with I-cell disease were deficient in numerous lysosomal enzymes. (medscape.com)
  • I-cell disease fibroblasts were subsequently discovered to be able to internalize and use lysosomal enzymes produced by normal cells, whereas normal or other lysosomal disease fibroblasts were incapable of internalizing lysosomal enzymes secreted by the I-cell disease fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
  • These are observed in cells of mesenchymal origin, especially fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
  • Other sites of abnormal cell vacuolization include the renal glomerular podocytes and in the fibroblasts of the liver's periportal spaces. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we provide evidence that exposure of human skin fibroblasts to a Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC), an innovative device delivering radio electric conveyed fields at a radiofrequency of 2.4 GHz, afforded remarkable commitment toward cardiac, neuronal, and skeletal muscle lineages. (nih.gov)
  • As in many of the lysosomal storage diseases, the functional deficiency of lysosomal enzymes results in abnormal cell architecture. (medscape.com)
  • This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications. (abcam.com)
  • The pathogenesis of the cardiac and GI alterations typical of the chronic phase is not as well characterized. (medscape.com)
  • Earlier this year, Stanford scientist Marius Wernig carried out a similar feat, turning skin cells into nerve cells. (ca.gov)
  • Movement, the intricate cooperation of muscle and nerve fibres, is the means by which an organism interacts with its environment . (britannica.com)
  • In response to that, what's going to happen is that the membrane potential of the cardiac muscle cells is all of a sudden going to depolarize very quickly. (interactive-biology.com)
  • Mol Cell Biol, 2017 Jun 15. (nih.gov)
  • Recently, we have begun to address the pathogenic immune response in patients with myocarditis from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer therapy using single cell immunology tools from 10x Genomics. (stanford.edu)
  • Watch for the big three red flags - cardiac (ischaemia, tachyarrhythmia, myocarditis and pericarditis), neurological (TIA and stroke) and respiratory (pulmonary embolism) in patients with long COVID, says the GP lead of one of the country's first long COVID clinics. (medscape.com)
  • if two cardiac muscle cells are in contact, whichever one contracts first will stimulate the other to contract, and so on. (wikidoc.org)
  • contractile cells and pacemaker cells. (byui.edu)
  • Ca2+ current (I Ca ). Ca2+ currents are responsible for depolarizing phases in pacemaker cells. (byui.edu)
  • Pacemaker currents are responsible for spontaneous depolarizations of pacemaker cells. (byui.edu)
  • the specific differences in ion channels and mechanisms of polarization give rise to unique properties of SA node cells, most importantly the spontaneous depolarizations necessary for the SA node's pacemaker activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cardiac muscle cells would still fire in the absence of a functioning SA node pacemaker, albeit in a chaotic and ineffective manner. (wikidoc.org)
  • The trillions of cells in the human body take up nutrients and excrete wastes every minute of every day. (encyclopedia.com)
  • While the cells do spur some level of repair in animals, human tests have resulted in modest or transient benefits at best. (technologyreview.com)
  • However, Srivastava points out that this cellular career switch has yet to succeed in human cells. (ca.gov)
  • This gene subfamily is constitutively active at physiological resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle cells, and has been particularly linked to the human pulmonary circulation. (ersjournals.com)
  • Here, we propose to use a transgenic animal model system, Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly), to define the mechanisms by which mutations in various thin filament components lead to human cardiac disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Flow Cyt (intra): Jurkat (human acute T cell leukemia). (abcam.com)
  • The possible donor-host rejection of human ES cells is another concern 3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • These channels transport positively charged potassium atoms (ions) out of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The positively charged ions entering the cell cause the depolarization characteristic of an action potential. (wikipedia.org)
  • They span the membrane of cells, allowing the selective permeation of K + ions from one side of the membrane to the other, usually from the inside of the cell to the outside. (ersjournals.com)
  • The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • 3.5 mmol/L) caused by a deficit in total body potassium stores or abnormal movement of potassium into cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by transient episodes of profound hypokalemia thought to be due to sudden abnormal shifts of potassium into cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • abstract = "The auxiliary β4 subunit of the cardiac Cav1.2 channel plays a poorly understood role in gene transcription. (utmb.edu)
  • At diagnosis, approximately 70% are nonmuscle invasive tumors [ 3 ], while the remaining 30% are muscle invasive and of these tumors about 10% of cases has a tendency to metastasize, with a poor prognosis [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Researchers develop methods for producing artificial muscles with polymer covalent organic frameworks (polyCOFs). (britannica.com)
  • Cells that surrounded the virus-infected cells showed translocation of β 4 subunit proteins to nuclei in response to spreading infection. (utmb.edu)
  • How proteins build muscle. (britannica.com)