Toluene is a clear, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon with an odor similar to benzene (pungent and sweet). (knowyourh2o.com)
Studies in workers and animals exposed to toluene generally indicate that toluene is not carcinogenic (cancer-causing). (knowyourh2o.com)
The International Agency for Research on Cancer also determined that toluene is not carcinogenic. (knowyourh2o.com)
The U.S. EPA determined there is inadequate information to assess the carcinogenic potential of toluene. (knowyourh2o.com)
The pollutants released include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), which are significant due to their high level of toxicity. (who.int)
Additionally, there were incidences where individuals were at potential hazard risk of benzene and toluene that may pose non-carcinogenic effects to employees. (who.int)
Gas stations, industries and other entities use USTs to hold toxic material such as gasoline and oil that contain dangerous substances, including benzene, toluene and heavy metals that can cause cancer and harm developing children. (wakingtimes.com)
Potentially carcinogenic2
The prevalence of disinfection by-products in drinking water supplies has raised concerns about possible adverse health effects from chronic exposure to these potentially carcinogenic compounds. (cdc.gov)
Reducing exposures to potentially carcinogenic substances in drinking water from groundwater sources seems to be a logical, health-protective action, even if the actual or perceived risk from the contaminants is small. (nationalacademies.org)
Exposures1
NIOSH's response focused primarily on industrial hygiene assessment of potential occupational exposures [benzene and other volatile organic compounds, oil mist, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA's), diesel fumes, and noise] during typical tasks performed by the majority of the 11,000 workers involved in the 1989 cleanup activities. (cdc.gov)
Pesticides2
The complexity of trade-offs from substitutions can be illustrated with the case of contamination of potable ground water sources with pesticides or industrial chemicals shown to be carcinogenic in experimental animals or humans. (nationalacademies.org)
It is commonly used in the production of pesticides and gasoline. (smoko.com)
Mutagenic1
Benzene is an extremely toxic chemical that is mutagenic and carcinogenic. (functional-labs.com)
VOCs1
One memory foam model was found to emit 61 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including known carcinogens benzene and naphthalene! (leafscore.com)
Compounds2
Common fuels like gasoline and kerosene often contain carcinogenic additives or refining by-products, such as sulfurated compounds, or benzenes. (wikipedia.org)
1990. Significance of exposure to benzene and other toxic compounds through environmental tobacco smoke. (cdc.gov)
Some, such as formaldehyde and benzene, are even known carcinogens (chemicals known to cause cancer in humans). (vermontnaturalcoatings.com)
Exposure14
1995. National exposure registry benzene subregistry baseline technical report. (cdc.gov)
Different types of malignancies due to occupational exposure to benzene: A review of recent observations in Turkey. (cdc.gov)
Chronic lymphoid leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia due to chronic exposure to benzene: Report of three cases. (cdc.gov)
Hematotoxicity, leukemogenicity, and carcinogenicity of chronic exposure to benzene. (cdc.gov)
Followup study on the mortality and the development of leukemia in 44 pancytopenic patients with chronic benzene exposure. (cdc.gov)
1972. Details of blood changes in 32 patients with pancytopenia associated with long-term exposure to benzene. (cdc.gov)
1976. Combination of genetic factors and chronic exposure to benzene in the aetiology of leukaemia. (cdc.gov)
1987. Exposure to benzene in Turkey between 1983 and 1985: A haematological study on 231 workers. (cdc.gov)
2001. Evaluation of benzene exposure in children living in Campania (Italy) by urinary trans,trans -muconic acid assay. (cdc.gov)
This stands in stark contrast to various emission inventories which estimate only a minor contribution of the transport sector to the benzene exposure ( ∼10 %) and consider residential biofuel use, agricultural residue burning and industry to be more important benzene sources. (copernicus.org)
Due to poor ventilation and high exposure duration, the average benzene concentration over the sampling campaign exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency's chronic inhalation exposure reference concentration. (who.int)
Lifetime cancer risk estimation showed that on average there is a 3.78 x 10-4 cancer risk, corresponding to an average chronic daily intake of 1.38 x 10-3 mg/kg/day of benzene exposure. (who.int)
Over half of human exposure to benzene is because of smoking or passive smoking. (smoko.com)
Although this statement is arguable with respect to the acceptability of OELs for those chemicals established before 1980, and later found to be carcinogenic, there is little doubt that millions of persons have avoided serious effects of workplace exposure due to their existence. (cdc.gov)
Chloroform1
Chlorine, TCE, chloroform, benzene and others are readily absorbed through the lungs into the bloodstream. (chansonalkalinewater.com)
Xylene1
Benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene collectively referred to as BTEXS, are components of tobacco smoke. (cdc.gov)
Pollutants2
Alcohol, envi-ronmental pollutants, food preservatives and additives, drugs, and other toxic substances can challenge the liver's ability to function effectively. (hepcchallenge.org)
They can percolate quickly through soil and bodies of water and pollute large areas faster than other pollutants like gasoline or diesel fuel. (seequent.com)
Chemicals1
One of the many dangerous chemicals present in cigarettes is Benzene. (smoko.com)
Groundwater2
In Lanzhou, China, a plant using benzene (a carcinogen) in its processes suffered a series of explosions from 1987 to 2002, resulting in groundwater contamination more than 20 times the "legally safe" limit. (seequent.com)
It is estimated that more than 30 tonnes of benzene has been absorbed into the groundwater from the explosions. (seequent.com)
Chlorine1
One such substance, trihalomethane, is far more carcinogenic than chlorine itself. (uspwater.com)
Odor1
their odor is usually faint, and may be similar to that of gasoline or lighter fluid . (wikipedia.org)
Benzo1
Benzo[ a ]pyrene is carcinogenic to published scientific literature. (who.int)
It is known that ethanol added to gasoline normally causes the fuel efficiency to drop . (rrapier.com)
Ethanol contains about 2/3rds of the BTUs (heating value) as the same volume of gasoline, and gasoline/ethanol blends normally shows the drop in fuel efficiency one would expect. (rrapier.com)
One could in theory achieve the same fuel efficiency with ethanol as with gasoline if an engine was designed with an efficiency that resulted in the same 28,750 BTUs/gallon powering the vehicle (assuming same weight, frictional losses, etc. (rrapier.com)
That means that if the efficiency of the ethanol-powered car was 28,750/75,000 - or 38.33%, then 1 gallon of ethanol could provide the same power to the vehicle as 1 gallon of gasoline. (rrapier.com)
And of course if the efficiency of the ethanol vehicle could be increased further, it is possible to use 1 gallon of ethanol to travel farther than one could travel on 1 gallon of gasoline - despite the BTU deficit. (rrapier.com)
That means that if all else was equal (no significant weight penalty from the high-compression engine), a gallon of ethanol could enable a vehicle to travel farther than it could on a gallon of gasoline. (rrapier.com)
Humans1
It was evaluated as possibly carcinogenic comprises a reassessment and Volume 92 (853 pp) to humans (Group 2B). (who.int)
Diesel3
Diesel engines are designed with high compression ratios, which is the key to their engine efficiencies of around 45%, versus 25-30% for a gasoline engine. (rrapier.com)
But we know that other parameters also affect vehicle emissions.For instance, benzene is carcinogenic, andthere are other elements like polyaromatics and olefins and other contaminants and pollution within petrol and diesel which also impact human health. (lubesngreases.com)
Euro vehicle emissions standards were developed by the European Union, which enacted the Euro IV, V and VI standards for diesel-powered heavy-duty vehicles and adopted Euro 4, 5 and 6 standards for light-duty gasoline-powered vehicles. (lubesngreases.com)
Naphtha2
Naphtha is also quite carcinogenic, and performance careers built on using it entail a high risk of mouth cancer. (wikipedia.org)
The C 6 through C 10 alkanes, alkenes and isomeric cycloalkanes are the top components of gasoline , naphtha , jet fuel and specialized industrial solvent mixtures. (wikipedia.org)
Antifreeze1
Methanol is also used as a gasoline additive, as a component of lacquer thinners, in antifreeze preparations of the "nonpermanent" type, and in canned heating preparations of jellied alcohol. (chemicalbook.com)
Processes1
Benzene is a by- product of all sources of combustion, including cigarette smoke, and is released by outgassing from synthetic materials, and is a pollutant released by numerous industrial processes. (functional-labs.com)
Widespread2
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was used as an additive to replace lead in gasoline, but its use was banned after widespread ground water contamination was discovered. (cdc.gov)
Benzene is an organic solvent that is widespread in the environment. (functional-labs.com)
Aromatic1
10% of total nonmethane organic carbon emission are aromatic hydrocarbons from the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles. (wikipedia.org)
Substance1
It was banned by the EPA as a gasoline additive, so the fact that the substance is allowed in food products is ironic. (overcaffeinated.org)
Found2
Several DBPs have been found to be carcinogenic in animal bioassays (e.g. (nationalacademies.org)
Using Radiello passive samplers, it was found that benzene concentrations were above recommended international standards. (who.int)
Potential2
The potential for methanol as a future alternative for gasoline indicates that the use of this chemical will most likely increase rather than decrease. (chemicalbook.com)
The SOA formation potential is dominated by cars (36.9 %) and two-wheelers (21.1 %), which also jointly account for 47% of the human class I carcinogen benzene in the PMF model. (copernicus.org)
Cancer2
Benzene, a powerful bone-marrow poison (aplastic anemia) associated with leukemia, breast and uterine cancer. (notmytribe.com)
Benzene is carcinogenic (cancer causing) and consuming the chemical through smoking cigarettes has been connected to the development of leukaemia (cancer of the blood). (smoko.com)
Source2
however, the gasoline used as a fuel in the 'skiffs' (small flat-bottomed boats) was the likely source, rather than the WCO. (cdc.gov)
Bromate is a carcinogenic disinfection byproduct formed when source waters containing bromide are treated with ozonation or sodium hypochlorite. (ewg.org)
Health1
The Working Group of these agents have been identified as Programme organized six international made this evaluation in the absence carcinogenic, and about 300 as probably Working Group meetings of experts of agent-specific epidemiological carcinogenic, or possibly carcinogenic in carcinogenesis and public health. (who.int)
Lead1
Although it survived to a ripe old age, the second-gen Camaro has never inspired the same nostalgia as its beloved 1967-1969 predecessor, perhaps because it arrived in the fray of one of the most contentious public debates of the 20th century: the battle over automotive emissions and the use of lead as a gasoline additive. (ateupwithmotor.com)
Effects1
1971. Haematological effects of chronic benzene poisoning in 217 workers. (cdc.gov)
Dangerous1
is used to combat microbial contamination, but it can react with organic matter in the water and form dangerous, carcinogenic Trihalomethanes . (wakingtimes.com)
People2
There are no definitive conclusions about yellow #5 as a carcinogen, though many people believe it can simply due to its close association with other carcinogenic dyes. (overcaffeinated.org)
Equally, people eat mainstream foods filled with chemical additives , further increasing the need to detox . (wakingtimes.com)