• Table 2a) Stable isotope ratios of planktonic foraminifera from sediment core EN066-38PG in the equatorial Atlantic. (pangaea.de)
  • Tree -ring carbon and oxygen isotope ratios from live and recently dead trees may reveal important mechanisms of tree mortality . (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we investigate the proxy potential of an array of trace element (Mg, Mn, Zn, and Sr) to Ca ratios from the shells of Globorotaloides hexagonus , a planktic foraminifer endemic to tropical through temperate oxygen minimum zones. (frontiersin.org)
  • Both Mn/Ca and Zn/Ca ratios vary with oxygen concentration and could be useful for reconstructing G. hexagonus habitat where the primary signal can be d\istinguished from diagenetic overprinting. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, a robust correlation between Sr/Ca ratios and dissolved oxygen demonstrates a role for Sr as an indicator of oxygen minimum zone intensity, potentially via foraminiferal growth rate. (frontiersin.org)
  • The analysis of these relatively conventional trace element ratios in the shells of an oxygen minimum zone species has tremendous potential to facilitate multiproxy reconstructions from this enigmatic environment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we show that calcium carbonate (calcite) grains in Ryugu and Ivuna samples have variable 18 O/ 16 O and 13 C/ 12 C ratios that are, respectively, 24-46‰ and 65-108‰ greater than terrestrial standard values, whereas those of calcium-magnesium carbonate (dolomite) grains are much more homogeneous, ranging within 31-36‰ for oxygen and 67-75‰ for carbon. (nature.com)
  • Outgassing and collisional processing on both worlds led to the production of molecular nitrogen-dominated atmospheres with similar isotopic ratios of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. (space.com)
  • Devereux I (1967) Temperature measurements from oxygen isotope ratios of fish otoliths. (springer.com)
  • The carbon and oxygen isotope ratios are sensitive recorders of local and regional rainfall dynamics. (pik-potsdam.de)
  • A method for determining the 18O/16O ratio of organic matter composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen is described. (eurekamag.com)
  • Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C), sulfur (δ34S), oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δ2H), nitrogen (δ15N), and radioactive isotope of hydrogen (tritium) have been applied in combination with conventional techniques (chemical) to investigate Karachi coastal water pollution due to Layari and Malir rivers, which mainly carry the domestic and industrial wastewater of Karachi Metropolitan. (intechopen.com)
  • Trigo-Rodriguez and Martin Torres studied how hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes reacted with their environments on Earth and Titan. (space.com)
  • Normally, water is made up of two regular hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H 2 O.) But sometimes one of the hydrogen atoms in the water molecule is heavy hydrogen, also called deuterium. (universetoday.com)
  • Hydrogen isotopes. (chipsbooks.com)
  • Stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen from an individual's diet are deposited in their hair where they can remain unchanged over thousands of years. (scienceblog.com)
  • Atoms tend to combine with other atoms to form molecules (for example, hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water). (cdc.gov)
  • We examined the natural variability of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the symbiotic sea anemone Anemonia viridis to investigate dietary shifts (autotrophy/heterotrophy) along a natural p CO 2 gradient at the island of Vulcano, Italy. (nature.com)
  • According to Chris McKay, a planetary scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center, comets may have made small contributions to the water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen content of the Earth's early atmosphere, "but they were not the main source. (space.com)
  • Within the Environmental Biogeochemistry Section many projects deal with the cycling of bioactive elements (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) as well as trace elements (e.g., lead, copper, mercury, and zinc) and organic contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (ansp.org)
  • The Isotec facility manufactures rare forms of oxygen and nitrogen, known as stable isotopes, which are used in research and medicine. (csb.gov)
  • The on the quantitative level of NP biodistribution, an analysis aerosol was diluted with nitrogen and--for rat exposures-- is required taking into account NP retention in the entire with oxygen adjusted to obtain 20% oxygen and the synthetic organism as well as the excretion. (cdc.gov)
  • The IAEA will draw up best practice guidelines on the use of stable and radioactive isotopes to evaluate groundwater resource sustainability without damaging wetlands ( see the Science box ). (iaea.org)
  • All isotopes of an element, even those that are radioactive, react chemically in the same way. (cdc.gov)
  • Alpha particle ( ionizing radiation ) - two neutrons and two protons bound as a single particle (a helium nucleus) that is emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive isotopes in the process of disintegration. (cdc.gov)
  • Background radioactivity - radioactive elements in the natural environment including those in the crust of the earth (like radioactive potassium, uranium, and thorium isotopes) and those produced by cosmic rays. (cdc.gov)
  • Beta particle ( ionizing radiation ) - a charged particle emitted from the nucleus of certain unstable atomic nuclei (radioactive isotopes), having the charge and mass of an electron. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this paper is to investigate dietary changes of A. viridis using isotopic compositions, particularly carbon source shifts in the anemone metabolism, in response to high p CO 2 /low pH conditions in situ . (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Oxygen isotope compositions of the calcite and dolomite in Ryugu and Ivuna samples. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 3: Comparison between C and O isotope compositions of the calcite and dolomite in Ryugu and Ivuna samples. (nature.com)
  • A high temperature furnace system was newly installed for a He continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (CF-IR-MS) for the analysis of oxygen stable isotope compositions in solid samples, especially those of phosphate, sulfate and carbonate, whose isotope compositions are currently difficult to determine. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions drive ongoing ocean acidification (OA) and place marine ecosystems in a vulnerable state 1 . (nature.com)
  • So, when wetlands degrade, they release a lot of carbon dioxide, becoming significant sources of planet-warming greenhouse gases. (iaea.org)
  • What they find is that the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide will soon be at levels not encountered since the Miocene period (23 million to 5 million years ago). (skepticalscience.com)
  • Distribution of Subsurface Carbon Dioxide Ice at Different Obliquities. (open.ac.uk)
  • The Penetration of Solar Radiation into Water and Carbon Dioxide Snow, with reference to Mars. (open.ac.uk)
  • The Penetration of Solar Radiation into Carbon Dioxide Ice. (open.ac.uk)
  • Then we can see how temperature and carbon dioxide levels have developed, and how the climate has varied between ice ages and warm periods over the past 150,000 years. (lu.se)
  • You will have the chance to pull up a core sample from the glaciers in Greenland and carry out measurements to read the temperature and carbon dioxide levels for the past 150 000 years. (lu.se)
  • To uncover historical climate data, researchers look at air bubbles preserved in the ice that contain 'old air' - by measuring the levels of carbon dioxide in these bubbles it is possible to compare historical levels with current carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere (we currently have approximately 400 ppm CO 2 ). (lu.se)
  • Changes in environmental conditions (e.g., humidity, light, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) influence microbial growth in indoor environments. (cdc.gov)
  • Craig H, Gordon LI (1965) Deuterium and oxygen-18 variations in the ocean and the marine atmosphere. (springer.com)
  • Gao YW (2008) Decadal-scale stable oxygen isotopic variations in seawater and implications for otolith thermometer studies. (springer.com)
  • Gao YW, Beamish RJ (2003) Stable isotope variations in otoliths of Pacific halibut ( Hippoglossus stenolepis ) and indications of the possible 1990 regime shift. (springer.com)
  • Schwarcz HP, Gao Y, Campana S, Browne D, Knyf M, Brand U (1998) Stable carbon isotope variations in otoliths of cod ( Gadus morhua ). (springer.com)
  • The research team studied variations in stable isotope signatures from a stalagmite that was collected in a cave near Uxbenka/Belize, an important archaeological site in the former heartland of the Maya. (pik-potsdam.de)
  • Elements exist in different variations - isotopes - and it is the proportion of oxygen isotopes in the foram shells that, for example, reveals changes in global temperature and in global ice volume. (lu.se)
  • Variations in temperature, moisture and a number of other environmental properties may be recorded as changes in ring width but also, for example, as changes in the stable carbon- and oxygen-isotope composition of wood samples. (lu.se)
  • Site-specific natural isotope fractionation by NMR. (chipsbooks.com)
  • Friedman I, O'Neil JR (1977) Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest. (springer.com)
  • Grossman EL, Ku TL (1986) Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation in biogenic aragonite: temperature effects. (springer.com)
  • We aimed at assessing whether the two climatic factors affect cork-ring isotopic composition under contrasting conditions of water availability, and, therefore, if carbon and oxygen signatures in cork can reflect tree functional (physiological and structural) responses to stressful conditions, which might be aggravated by climate change. (unl.pt)
  • These results suggest that although stable isotopes signatures in cork rings are not proxies for net growth, they may be (fairly) robust indicators of trees' physiological and structural adjustments to climate and environmental changes in Mediterranean environments. (unl.pt)
  • Latal, C , Piller, WE & Harzhauser, M 2003, Oxygen and carbon isotope signatures of Miocene molluscs in the Central Paratethys . (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gao YW (2002) Regime shift signatures from stable oxygen isotopic records of otoliths of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ). (springer.com)
  • While it is understood that the extent and intensity of oxygen minimum zones are responsive to climate, the limited suite of viable proxies for low oxygen pelagic environments continues to pose a real barrier for paleoclimate interpretations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Wetlands provide homes to animals and plants and play a crucial role in climate change mitigation and adaptation by absorbing carbon and providing natural protection against storms and flooding. (iaea.org)
  • We show a shift from climate-warming driving carbon-emission scenario to a scheme in which carbon-injection causing global-warming during the CIE. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Ice and water normally have different distributions of the different oxygen isotopes, so it is possible to see that the balance has varied if there has been a lot of ice (cold climate) or lots of water (warm climate). (lu.se)
  • Nelson CS, Northcote TG, Hendy CH (1989) Potential use of oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of otoliths to identify migratory and non-migratory stocks of the New Zealand common smelt: a pilot study. (springer.com)
  • Topics related to the hypothesis include how the biosphere and the evolution of organisms affect the stability of global temperature, salinity of seawater, atmospheric oxygen levels, the maintenance of a hydrosphere of liquid water and other environmental variables that affect the habitability of Earth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies , 36 (4), 393-396. (princeton.edu)
  • Despite growing recognition of the importance of low oxygen environments and the ramifications of their expansion, the short duration (decades at most) of ocean oxygen timeseries fundamentally limits the timescales at which oxygen and associated environmental variability can be studied. (frontiersin.org)
  • By using environmental isotopes to understand how the wetland system is sustained, we can improve water management practices and conserve wetlands, Ortega said. (iaea.org)
  • In this study, we address the relation between carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of cork rings and precipitation and temperature, in two distinct locations of southwestern Portugal-the (wetter) Tagus basin peneplain and the (drier) Grândola mountains. (unl.pt)
  • We infer that the calcite precipitated first over a wide range of temperatures and oxygen partial pressures, and that the proportion of gaseous CO 2 /CO/CH 4 molecules changed temporally. (nature.com)
  • We aim to establish stable isotope studies to infer such trigger events that may affect human migrations and civilizations. (nii.ac.jp)
  • 2) carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of CO2 from melt inclusions using a newly developed crushing technique. (europa.eu)
  • Researchers funded by the Wellcome Trust used DNA and stable isotope analysis to show how children as young as 6-years old were "fattened up" and taken on a pilgrimage to their death. (scienceblog.com)
  • Therefore, changes in glacial-interglacial oceanographic conditions are preserved in the oxygen isotopic profiles. (tamu.edu)
  • In: Tongiorgi E (ed) Stable isotopes in oceanographic studies and paleotemperatures. (springer.com)
  • cellulose extraction and blue-stain fungus on retrospective studies of carbon and oxygen isotope variation in live and dead trees. (bvsalud.org)
  • Extrinsic sources of carbon for the host include zooplankton and particulate organic carbon (POC) 17 . (nature.com)
  • The 13 C shift may reflect changes in global storage of organic carbon indicated by coal-volume changes in the Late Permian. (tamu.edu)
  • The carbon is stored in the vegetation, litter, peats, organic soils and sediments that have built up over the years. (iaea.org)
  • This change of causal direction may result from the warming feedback of the emitted carbon and additional carbon from other sources, such as volcanism, bolide impact, oxidation of marine organic matter, and wildfires burning peatlands. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • The shells are made of calcium carbonate, which means that they mainly consist of the elements calcium, carbon and oxygen. (lu.se)
  • The proportion of carbon isotopes in the shells tells us about changes in ocean circulation, but also of local changes in upwelling areas. (lu.se)
  • Nutrient and Carbon Fluxes to Barnegat Bay from Marginal Saline Wetlands. (ansp.org)
  • form close to oxygen isotopic equilibrium with their ambient water. (tamu.edu)
  • Carbon and oxygen isotopes of cool-water bryozoans from the Great Australian Bight and their paleoenvironmental significance. (tamu.edu)
  • Carbon isotopic records of nutrient-depleted surface water place constraints on the past fertility of the oceans and on past atmospheric pCO2 levels. (pangaea.de)
  • In contrast, at the drier site, trees use water from deeper ground layers, depleted in 18O, and strongly regulate stomatal conductance under water stress, thus reducing photosynthetic carbon uptake and probably relying on stored carbon reserves for cork ring formation. (unl.pt)
  • Across the UK, mine water energy systems are being investigated as a potential energy source for low carbon heating and cooling of buildings, to help us to meet net zero carbon targets . (bgs.ac.uk)
  • They are also key in the overall health of the environment - from enhancing water quality, controlling erosion, storing carbon to maintaining stream flows. (iaea.org)
  • Lovelock (1995) gave evidence of this in his second book, Ages of Gaia, showing the evolution from the world of the early thermo-acido-philic and methanogenic bacteria towards the oxygen-enriched atmosphere today that supports more complex life. (wikipedia.org)
  • Opponents of this view sometimes reference examples of events that resulted in dramatic change rather than stable equilibrium, such as the conversion of the Earth's atmosphere from a reducing environment to an oxygen-rich one at the end of the Archaean and the beginning of the Proterozoic periods. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum is a global warming period (∼56 Ma), which is marked by a sharp negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that caused by the injection of massive isotopically-light carbon into the ocean-atmosphere. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Oxygen limited marine environments, such as oxygen minimum zones, are of profound importance for global nutrient cycling and vertical habitat availability. (frontiersin.org)
  • Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are subsurface (~100-2000 m deep), generally open ocean features, where dissolved oxygen is low enough to impact biological and chemical cycles. (frontiersin.org)
  • The explosion ruptured a carbon monoxide gas pipe and led to a precautionary evacuation of about 2000 residents. (csb.gov)
  • The initial carbon emission might be from methane hydrates dissociation and/or permafrost thawing, possibly linked with astronomical paced warming. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Undertaking a multiple isotope study of these inclusions is now possible, owing to my recent success in significantly improving mass spectrometer detector amplifier technology that led to an order of magnitude improvement in precision for isotope analyses of small samples. (europa.eu)
  • Dr Wilson and colleagues studied DNA and stable light isotopes from the hair samples to offer insight into the lives of these children. (scienceblog.com)
  • By analysing stable isotopes found in the hair samples, Dr Wilson and colleagues were able to see that for much of the time prior to sacrifice, the children were fed a diet of vegetables such as potato, suggesting that they came from a peasant background. (scienceblog.com)
  • It is generally considered that the carbon injection caused global warming. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Global recycling flux estimates, including carbon, are contradictory highlighting the need for a new, more precise approach to their quantification. (europa.eu)
  • In this study we assess the integrated biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic framework for the Ordovician sequence at Lanna, utilizing trilobites and conodonts coupled with bulk-rock carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ 13 C carb and δ 18 O carb ). (lu.se)
  • Earth presumably formed from scorched, oxygen-poor rocks (planetesimals) located in the inner solar system, while Titan formed from rocks that were rich in oxygen and other volatile chemicals (cometesimals) in the outer solar system. (space.com)
  • Together with a decrease in the difference between δ 13 C values of both fractions at the higher p CO 2 sites, these results indicate there is a greater net autotrophic input to the A. viridis carbon budget under high p CO 2 conditions. (nature.com)