Chemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
Flame IonizationChromatography, GasFlame RetardantsOils, VolatileGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryAlkanesCarbonCalibrationSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationHalogenated Diphenyl EthersPolybrominated BiphenylsReproducibility of ResultsHydrocarbons, BrominatedAir IonizationCarbon DioxideSpectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationCarbon MonoxideNanotubes, Carbon
DetectorDioxideDetectionDetectorsFiresElevated carbon monoxide levelsHydrocarbonsPhotoelectric sensorsCombined ionization-photoelectricSensorDangerous carbon monoxideHydrogenAtomsMonoxide gasSmoke AlarmsAlarmAlarmsCombustionIonsConventionalDisulfideOrganic compoundsSensorsDetectableThermalAnalyticalElectrodeRisk of carbonExposureLeakGasesAqueousConfigurationsFireConcentrationAtomicQuantitativeIntermediatesAnalysisTotal
Detector35
  • A flame ionization detector (FID) is a scientific instrument that measures analytes in a gas stream. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1959, Perkin Elmer Corp. included a flame ionization detector in its Vapor Fractometer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specifically how the ions are produced is not necessarily understood, but the response of the detector is determined by the number of carbon atoms (ions) hitting the detector per unit time. (wikipedia.org)
  • The design of the flame ionization detector varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, but the principles are the same. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ions (F) are repelled up toward the collector plates (G) which are connected to a very sensitive ammeter, which detects the ions hitting the plates, then feeds that signal to an amplifier, integrator, and display system(H). The products of the flame are finally vented out of the detector through the exhaust port (J). Flame ionization detectors are used very widely in gas chromatography because of a number of advantages. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of devices are suitable for detection of carbon tetrachloride as it emerges from the GC, including flame ionization detector (FID), halogen-sensitive detector (HSD), or electron-capture detector (ECD). (cdc.gov)
  • A light beam is directed through the flame, into a monochromator, and onto a detector that measures the amount of light absorbed by the atomized element in the flame. (jnu.ac.in)
  • Most of them have a single "ionization" detector that detects flame. (modernsurvivalblog.com)
  • Always look for a photoelectric-ionization detector and buy one. (modernsurvivalblog.com)
  • 3 Install a Carbon Dioxide Detector next to every "smoke/fire" detector. (modernsurvivalblog.com)
  • The response of a calibrated and modified combination ionization/photoelectric smoke detector was also used. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon values for a sample are quantified by measuring carbon dioxide with a non-dispersive infrared detector. (uaf.edu)
  • If you look up at the ceiling and see an alarm of some kind, you may not know whether it's a smoke detector or a carbon monoxide alarm. (serviceexperts.com)
  • Therefore, all bedrooms should have a carbon monoxide detector installed within 15 feet of the door. (serviceexperts.com)
  • Dangerous carbon monoxide buildup can become trapped on a single floor of your home, so make sure you have at least one CO detector on every level. (serviceexperts.com)
  • A CO detector immediately inside the door-and in the room above the garage-alerts you of elevated carbon monoxide levels entering your home. (serviceexperts.com)
  • This new design eliminated the problems of (1) instrument downtime caused by fouling of high-temperature combustion catalysts and corrosion of furnace combustion tubes, (2) limited linear dynamic range and upper detection limit (namely, infrared detection), and (3) frequent detector calibration (namely, infrared and flame ionization detection). (astm.org)
  • All systems are equipped with a flame ionization detector, optional specialty detectors, a low volume rotary injection valve, and a 10 mL high-pressure syringe pump. (selerity.com)
  • This hardwired alarm also offers protection against the silent killer - carbon monoxide - making it a 3-in-1 detector. (universalsecurity.com)
  • In addition to our suite of aqueous analytical instruments we also have two Gas Chromatographs - Flame Ionisation Detector with micro Electro Chemical Detector (GC-FID/uECD), which analyses nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane and GC-FID for hydrocarbon analysis. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • As a result, each bedroom should have a carbon monoxide detector installed about 15 feet of the door. (strandbrothers.com)
  • Dense carbon monoxide gas can become trapped on a single floor of your home, so try to have at least one CO detector on each floor. (strandbrothers.com)
  • Remember, some models include a built-in carbon monoxide (CO) detector, which alerts you to dangerous levels of this deadly gas, Consumer Reports says. (allstate.com)
  • Delivery including FID exhaust gas measurement (measurement of the total carbon content TOC by means of flame ionization detector). (thermconcept.com)
  • In this guide, we explain everything you should consider when choosing a smart smoke or carbon monoxide detector for your home. (vivint.com)
  • Vivint's combination fire and carbon monoxide detector uses a built-in wireless transmitter to communicate directly with your Smart Hub and the Vivint app to send instant alerts-and it will even notify first responders if necessary. (vivint.com)
  • The benefit of using battery-powered detectors, like Vivint's combo smoke and carbon monoxide detector, is that they work even when the power goes out in your home . (vivint.com)
  • Flame Ionization Detection, or FID (pronouncing each letter), is a cheap and standard detector which has a long history of use in the automotive industry for measuring the total hydrocarbon concentration, as well as various other molecular species, in a given engine emissions sample. (extractionmagazine.com)
  • The flame ionization detector, or FID, is perhaps the most popular of all gas chromatography detectors. (lcservicesltd.co.uk)
  • ORS 90.325 Tenant duties (1)(f): Test at least once every six months and replace batteries as needed in any smoke alarm, smoke detector or carbon monoxide alarm provided by the landlord and notify the landlord in writing of any operating deficiencies. (portland.gov)
  • Aldrich's team uses a flame ionisation detector to calculate analytes in the gas stream, and then shoot the gasses through another gas chromatograph that has a mass-selective detector. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Measuring hydrocarbons using a flame ionization detector (FID) with the MultiDetek2 gas chromatograph instrument. (ldetek.com)
  • Sub-pg levels of carbon monoxide (CO) have been determined by the use of the gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector and a catalytic reduction unit. (elsevierpure.com)
  • If you inspect the ceiling and notice an alarm of some kind, you won't always realize whether it's a smoke detector or a carbon monoxide alarm. (winnipegsupply.com)
  • The safest method to protect yourself and your family from this possibly fatal threat is to instal a carbon monoxide detector. (housemirror.com)
Dioxide15
  • Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are not detectable by FID. (wikipedia.org)
  • Supercritical fluid extraction using pure carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide with additives offers some potential for the extraction of organic analytes such as carbon tetrachloride from biological samples (Hawthorne 1988). (cdc.gov)
  • Analytes that will not ionize within a flame such as nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, are limited to thermal conductivity detection. (uaf.edu)
  • Analysis for inorganic carbon includes the addition of hydrochloric acid followed by purging of the resulting carbon dioxide. (uaf.edu)
  • Organic carbon is converted to carbon dioxide using a platinum based catalyst. (uaf.edu)
  • quantitation of the evolved carbon dioxide was accomplished with an automatic coulometric titrator. (astm.org)
  • The composition of the air arriving at Kennaook / Cape Grim is analysed to determine concentrations of more than 80 different greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and synthetic GHGs such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). (www.csiro.au)
  • Only a small amount of the carbon dioxide mobile phase is used for each analysis, and system is helium-free, reducing the total cost per analysis. (selerity.com)
  • Since carbon dioxide is not detected by this procedure, regular room air can be used, as opposed to pure oxygen. (extractionmagazine.com)
  • ABB's LGR-ICOS new ground-breaking Microportable Greenhouse Gas Analysers (GLA131-GGA and GLA131-GPC) report fugitive emissions measurements of methane and carbon dioxide simultaneously in a 6.1kg, handbag-size, package that is compact and crushproof. (et.co.uk)
  • Small enough to be carried on-board aircraft (TSA approved size) and requiring less than 35 watts, the GLA131-GGA and GLA131-GPC travel anywhere, initiates data collection within 20 seconds after power up, may be operated wirelessly with a smartphone or tablet, and opens up new opportunities to measure methane and carbon dioxide everywhere. (et.co.uk)
  • For example, the agency prohibits anything from launching into space that contains more than 20ppm of carbon monoxide, or more than 5000ppm of carbon dioxide. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Footnote 5-7 the metabolic end products are carbon dioxide, water, ammonia and nitrate. (canada.ca)
  • Energy (fossil fuel) and agriculture required for human activities on Earth produce Greenhouse gases (GHG) such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Fluorinated gases mainly Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6). (ldetek.com)
  • A discussion the spatio-temporal volumetric strains in a consolidated Pittsburgh seam coal sample which were evaluated while both confining pressure and carbon dioxide CO2 pore pressure were evaluated. (cdc.gov)
Detection13
  • The operation of the FID is based on the detection of ions formed during combustion of organic compounds in a hydrogen flame. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brief summaries of the methods available for extraction and detection of carbon tetrachloride in biological and environmental samples are provided below. (cdc.gov)
  • Samples are analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. (epa.gov)
  • Conifer seed oils from European Larch (Larix decidua), Norway Spruce (Picea abies) and European Silver Fir (Abies alba) have been analyzed by non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NARP-HPLC) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI)-MS detection. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • An Agilent 6890N and 5973 MSD gives the lab mass spectrometry capability for analysis of volatiles and semi-volatiles, and a Shimadzu GC2014 gives the lab flame ionization detection and thermal conductivity detection capabilities for volatiles, semi-volatiles, and gas samples. (uaf.edu)
  • Hydrocarbons such as methane will ionize and conduct within a flame, making them good candidates for flame ionization detection. (uaf.edu)
  • Ionization detection works best with fast-moving fires that produce large flames, while photoelectric detection is more effective with smoldering, smoky fires. (serviceexperts.com)
  • A mixture of 16:0 MAG, DAG and TAG (in which the MAG and DAG have been converted to the di- and monoacetates, respectively) was readily separated utilizing a system of two Chrompack Chromspher 5 Lipids (TM) columns connected in series, a solvent system of 1.2% acetonitrile in hexane, and flame ionization detection. (usda.gov)
  • A carbon analyzer was fabricated from commercially available oxidation and detection units. (astm.org)
  • New Sensing Plus ® Multi-Criteria Detection provides the benefits of both photoelectric and ionization alarms in one device to protect against fast flaming and slow smoldering fires. (universalsecurity.com)
  • Oligosaccharide fingerprinting employing capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. (chipsbooks.com)
  • Multifunctional detectors often include carbon monoxide detection. (nationwide.com)
  • Ionization detection functions well with fast-growing fires that emit large flames, while photoelectric models are more suited for smoldering, smoky fires. (winnipegsupply.com)
Detectors18
  • The first flame ionization detectors were developed simultaneously and independently in 1957 by McWilliam and Dewar at Imperial Chemical Industries of Australia and New Zealand (ICIANZ, see Orica history) Central Research Laboratory, Ascot Vale, Melbourne, Australia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cost: Flame ionization detectors are relatively inexpensive to acquire and operate. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4 Test your detectors every three months (no more that six months)with smoke/flame/CO. you can even have the fire department test them for you if needed. (modernsurvivalblog.com)
  • Do smoke detectors detect carbon monoxide? (serviceexperts.com)
  • Smoke detectors come in two primary forms-ionization detectors and photoelectric detectors. (serviceexperts.com)
  • Plug-in devices that draw power from an outlet are almost always carbon monoxide detectors be labeled as such. (serviceexperts.com)
  • How many carbon monoxide detectors do I need in my home? (serviceexperts.com)
  • The filtered air is used to supply gas chromatographs, flame ionisation detectors and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysers with air that's pure, dry and free from contaminants. (labmate-online.com)
  • This can be challenging if you have detectors located high up on your walls or if you have a large home with a lot of smoke and carbon monoxide alarms. (vivint.com)
  • Traditional detectors have ionization sensors that sense flaming fires or photoelectric sensors that detect small particles of smoke. (vivint.com)
  • Similar to thermo iconic detectors, flame photometric detectors (FPDs) are used for select applications. (lcservicesltd.co.uk)
  • Smoke detectors register smoke and are intended to protect people and property by generating an alarm earlier in the development of a fire, especially from one that smolders or burns very slowly without flames. (nationwide.com)
  • Smoke detectors are available in two main types-ionization detectors and photoelectric detectors. (rolfgriffin.com)
  • Smoke detectors are offered in two basic modes-ionization detectors and photoelectric detectors. (winnipegsupply.com)
  • Photoelectric or ionisation smoke detectors can be used in smoke alarms. (housemirror.com)
  • An electric current runs between two diodes in ionisation smoke detectors. (housemirror.com)
  • 2-Interconnected- In some cases, you can connect all of the carbon monoxide detectors so that when one is triggered, they all go off. (housemirror.com)
  • This paper discusses large-scale experiments conducted by NIOSH to evaluate the effectiveness of optical flame detectors, photoelectric smoke detectors, and combined ionization/photoelectric smoke detectors for detecting mining equipment cab fires. (cdc.gov)
Fires6
  • The ionization sensor is ideal for detecting fast flaming and other types of fires. (1000bulbs.com)
  • These are dual sensor and are designed to alert you to both smoldering low-flame fires and high intensity rapid flame fires. (modernsurvivalblog.com)
  • While one type is better at detecting flaming fires, the other is better at detecting smoldering fires. (allstate.com)
  • Dual sensors include photoelectric and ionization sensors, providing you with the most protection from both smoldering and flaming fires. (nationwide.com)
  • An ionization smoke alarm is generally more responsive to flaming fires, and a photoelectric smoke alarm is generally more responsive to smoldering fires. (portland.gov)
  • The ionizing smoke alarms mainly react to flaming fires, while the photoelectric smoke alarms react to smoldering fires. (atlnightspots.com)
Elevated carbon monoxide levels1
Hydrocarbons3
  • Hydrocarbons generally have response factors that are equal to the number of carbon atoms in their molecule (more carbon atoms produce greater current), while oxygenates and other species that contain heteroatoms tend to have a lower response factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • FID can detect most hydrocarbons which have a C-H bond in its structure, except for HCHO and HCOOH, CHOOH and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) respectively, and have one more carbon. (spectrophotometers.com)
  • As the sample gas is fed across the flame, any hydrocarbons that are present combust. (extractionmagazine.com)
Photoelectric sensors1
  • The data also indicate that ionization/photoelectric sensors can be utilized to measure continuously and in real time aerosol properties over a broad spectrum of applications related to adverse environmental and health effects. (cdc.gov)
Combined ionization-photoelectric1
  • For the best protection, both types of alarms or combined ionization-photoelectric alarms, also known as dual sensor smoke alarms, are recommended. (atlnightspots.com)
Sensor6
  • The single sensor "Ionization" types rarely detect the smoke particles that will likely end your life before the fire itself does - particularly if it's a slow smoldering fire while you're sleeping. (modernsurvivalblog.com)
  • In addition, the responses of this sensor and a similar, prototype ionization/photoelectric sensor, along with discrete angular scattering, total scattering, and total extinction measurements, were used to define in real time the size, morphology, and radiative transfer properties of these differing aerosols that are generally in the form of fractal aggregates. (cdc.gov)
  • If a fire smolders with no flame, then a photoelectric sensor will detect it first," Roux says. (allstate.com)
  • If it is a hot, flaming fire, then an ionization sensor will likely sound first. (allstate.com)
  • If you don't have dual-sensor alarms, the NFPA recommends installing both ionization and photoelectric alarms in your home. (allstate.com)
  • Therefore, every bedroom should have a carbon monoxide sensor installed within 15 feet of the door. (winnipegsupply.com)
Dangerous carbon monoxide4
  • Many people unsafely leave their cars idling in the garage, leading to dangerous carbon monoxide buildup, even when the large garage door is wide open. (serviceexperts.com)
  • A surprising number of people unsafely leave their cars idling in the garage, producing dangerous carbon monoxide gas, even if the large garage door is completely open. (strandbrothers.com)
  • Many people end up leaving their cars running in the garage, leading to dangerous carbon monoxide gas, even if the large garage door is wide open. (rolfgriffin.com)
  • A surprising number of people end up leaving their cars running in the garage, producing dangerous carbon monoxide buildup, even while the large garage door is completely open. (winnipegsupply.com)
Hydrogen2
  • What the FID does in practice is continuously keep alight a flame of pure hydrogen gas in a chamber filled with air. (extractionmagazine.com)
  • The electrochemical method, which measures the scavenging activity of antioxidants towards OH radicals generated by both hydrogen peroxide photolysis and Fenton's reaction, is based on the recovery of the cyclic voltametric response of the redox probe Ru(NH3)63+ at a Glassy Carbon electrode modified with a thin film of an insulating polyphenol, in the presence of compounds with antioxidant properties. (bvsalud.org)
Atoms4
  • The current measured corresponds roughly to the proportion of reduced carbon atoms in the flame. (wikipedia.org)
  • In total, 20 FAs with acyl chain lengths from 16 to 24 carbon atoms and from 0 to 3 double bonds have been identified in 64 triacylglycerols from 3 conifer seed oils. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • During development of a silver ion HPLC method to determine the structural integrity of synthesized monoacyl (MAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG), the retention characteristics of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and triacylglycerols (TAG) were found to be influenced not only by the number and/or configuration of the double bonds in the molecules, but also by the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid (FA) chains. (usda.gov)
  • The FID is sensitive to and capable of detecting compounds that contain carbon atoms (C), which accounts for almost all organic compounds. (lcservicesltd.co.uk)
Monoxide gas1
Smoke Alarms3
  • Ionization smoke alarms also have a hush feature. (portland.gov)
  • Carbon monoxide alarms are not a substitute for smoke alarms. (portland.gov)
  • This serious Chinese company is a global leader in home security products, including smoke alarms, carbon monoxide alarms, and combined smoke alarms. (atlnightspots.com)
Alarm12
  • This Kidde 120 volt hardwired combination smoke and carbon monoxide alarm features a voice message warning system that announces fire, carbon monoxide, or low battery. (1000bulbs.com)
  • The Universal Security Instruments AMIC1510SB 3-in-1 Sensing Plus ® Hardwired Smoke, Fire & Carbon Monoxide Alarm provides 10 years of continuous protection against deadly. (universalsecurity.com)
  • This hardwired smoke, fire & carbon monoxide alarm conforms to UL 217 Standard 8th Edition and UL 2034 Standard 4th Edition. (universalsecurity.com)
  • The Universal Security Instruments AMIC1510SB 3-in-1 Sensing Plus ® Smoke, Fire & Carbon Monoxide Alarm comes with a 10-year limited warranty that covers both the battery and alarm. (universalsecurity.com)
  • This is a Universal Security Instruments MIC3510SB 3-in-1 Smoke, Fire and Carbon Monoxide Smart Alarm. (fourwheelcampers.com)
  • Nationwide Private Client Risk Solutions recommends a secure system to help protect your family and home from burglary, fire and carbon monoxide (CO). Central station monitoring should be included with your alarm system to provide the best protection. (nationwide.com)
  • Ionization sensors work by ionizing air, which gets interrupted when smoke passes through the device and triggers the alarm. (nationwide.com)
  • A combination Ionization/Photoelectric smoke alarm may also be available, combining the best qualities of each alarm. (portland.gov)
  • The battery will be good but the alarm unit itself simply does not work reliably for longer than the 10 year life span (dust build up in the sensing chamber, reductions in effectiveness of radioactive elements in ionization types, and failure of electronic components). (portland.gov)
  • For the best protection, both types of alarms or a combination alarm (photoelectric and ionization) should be installed in homes. (portland.gov)
  • For that reason, all bedrooms should have a carbon monoxide alarm installed within 15 feet of the door. (rolfgriffin.com)
  • Install a certified carbon monoxide alarm in your home and make sure the battery is working on a regular basis. (housemirror.com)
Alarms3
Combustion5
  • A series of experiments were conducted to quantify and characterize the optical and physical properties of combustion-generated aerosols during both flaming and smoldering combustion of three materials common to underground mines - Pittsburgh Seam coal, Styrene Butadiene Rubber (a common mine conveyor belt material), and Douglas-fir wood - using a combination of analytical and gravimetric measurements. (cdc.gov)
  • These data clearly show that significant differences exist between aerosols from flaming and from smoldering combustion and that these differences produce very different scattering and absorption signatures. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon monoxide is a byproduct of incomplete combustion. (serviceexperts.com)
  • Carbon monoxide weighs about the same as air, but it's often carried upward in the hot air produced by combustion appliances. (serviceexperts.com)
  • Some of these combustion events produce carbon ions, which are then detected by an electric component inside the chamber. (extractionmagazine.com)
Ions1
  • This positive bias helps to repel the oxidized carbon ions created by the flame (E) pyrolyzing the eluent. (wikipedia.org)
Conventional1
  • For example, this instrument allows measurements of natural gas leaks while you walk with a sensitivity that is more than 1000 times better than conventional methods based on flame ionization. (et.co.uk)
Disulfide1
  • Anasorb 747 samples are desorbed with a 1:1 mixture of carbon disulfide and N,N-dimethylformamide. (epa.gov)
Organic compounds1
  • As is true for most volatile organic compounds, the preferred analytical technique for carbon tetrachloride is gas chromatography (GC). (cdc.gov)
Sensors2
Detectable1
Thermal3
  • The basic method for collection of carbon tetrachloride from the ambient atmosphere is adsorption on a solid phase, followed by removal by thermal or solvent elution for subsequent analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Gas chromatography with flame ionization and thermal conductivity are strictly quantitative techniques, i.e. no qualitative capability. (uaf.edu)
  • The selection between thermal conductivity and flame ionization is compound dependent. (uaf.edu)
Analytical3
  • The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting, measuring, and/or monitoring carbon tetrachloride, its metabolites, and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to carbon tetrachloride. (cdc.gov)
  • Analytical methods for the determination of carbon tetrachloride in biological samples are summarized in Table 7-1. (cdc.gov)
  • Organic carbon and inorganic carbon in aqueous samples may be measured with the OI Analytical 1030C. (uaf.edu)
Electrode2
  • The positive electrode acts as the nozzle head where the flame is produced. (wikipedia.org)
  • The other, negative electrode is positioned above the flame. (wikipedia.org)
Risk of carbon2
Exposure5
  • As a result, more than 400 people die of accidental carbon monoxide exposure each year, a higher fatality rate than any other type of poisoning. (serviceexperts.com)
  • The Task Group reviewed and revised the second draft of the criteria document and made an evaluation of the health risks from exposure to carbon monoxide. (inchem.org)
  • As a result, more than 400 people die as a result of carbon monoxide exposure each year, a higher fatality rate compared to any other type of poisoning. (strandbrothers.com)
  • Because of this, more than 400 people die of accidental carbon monoxide exposure each year, a steeper fatality rate versus other types of poisoning. (rolfgriffin.com)
  • To avoid deadly exposure to the major danger of carbon monoxide, people must be exceedingly cautious when utilising these appliances (CO). (housemirror.com)
Leak1
Gases2
  • Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most hazardous gases found in the home. (serviceexperts.com)
  • Air pollutants including natural and anthropogenic aerosols (particles such as sea salt, mineral dust and black carbon) and reactive gases are also measured along with weather and climate indicators like wind speed and direction, rainfall, temperature, humidity and solar radiation. (www.csiro.au)
Aqueous1
  • Separation of carbon tetrachloride from biological samples may be achieved by headspace analysis, purge-and-trap collection from aqueous solution or slurry samples, solvent extraction, or direct collection on resins. (cdc.gov)
Configurations1
  • Wastewaters from the production of synfuels, in particular oil shale retort waters, present several major problems to various instrument configurations designed for carbon analysis. (astm.org)
Fire3
  • The thing is…it's usually not the fire that will kill you, it's the smoke and it's deadly component carbon monoxide that will end your life. (modernsurvivalblog.com)
  • Carbon monoxide levels were judged to be harmful in many cases by fire crews. (housemirror.com)
  • Most fire victims, however, die through inhaling smoke rather than the flames or heat of the fire. (housemirror.com)
Concentration1
  • The amount of energy at the characteristic wavelength absorbed in the flame is proportional to the concentration of the element in the sample over a limited concentration range. (jnu.ac.in)
Atomic2
  • In flame atomic absorption spectrometry, a sample is aspirated into a flame and atomized. (jnu.ac.in)
  • Flame emission and atomic absorption spectrometry (FES and AAS). (chipsbooks.com)
Quantitative2
  • Citing these large negative biases even when the sampled volume was less than 10% of the breakthrough volume, these authors conclude that Tenax® is not suitable for quantitative sampling for carbon tetrachloride (Crist and Mitchell 1986). (cdc.gov)
  • Instrumentation is available for the quantitative analysis of anions, cations, total organic and inorganic carbon, and gas sample components . (uaf.edu)
Intermediates1
  • The carbide mechanism involves the dissociation of CO into surface carbon, the hydrogenation of surface carbon into CH x * ( x = 1, 2, or 3) intermediates, the surface polymerization of CH x * (chain growth), and the hydrogenation (chain termination) to form hydrocarbon products 19 . (nature.com)
Analysis3
  • The most variable aspect of carbon tetrachloride analysis is the procedure used to extract carbon tetrachloride from the medium and prepare a sample suitable for GC analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • 1979), and is readily adapted from techniques that have been developed for the analysis of carbon tetrachloride in water and waste water. (cdc.gov)
  • Direct analysis of the samples yields total carbon results, while dissolved carbon requires filtration prior to analysis. (uaf.edu)
Total1
  • Specialised Total Organic Carbon (TOC) gas generators transform compressed air into carrier gas needed to operate TOC instruments. (labmate-online.com)