Each subunit contains a single biotin moiety acting as a swinging arm to transport carbon dioxide to the catalytic site that is formed at the interface between adjacent monomers. (wikipedia.org)
Carbonic phosphoric anhydride decomposes into carbon dioxide and phosphate prior to attack by the enzyme linked biotin molecule. (wikipedia.org)
In the second reaction, occurring in the CT domain of an adjacent monomer, carbon dioxide is transferred to the acceptor molecule, pyruvate, to form oxaloacetate. (wikipedia.org)
Food intake, physical activity (beam breaks), oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), carbon dioxide production (VCO 2 ), RER and energy expenditure data were collected every 20 min (CLAMS) or 5 min (Promethion) for the indicated periods. (strangeindia.com)
Finally, the carbon footprint concept has been introduced to measure the total greenhouse gases emissions that enter into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide equivalent through individuals, events, organizations, services, places, products, and industries. (arashomidi.com)
Lipids4
A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids . (lookformedical.com)
A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids . (lookformedical.com)
Acetaldehyde is more toxic than ethanol because it is highly reactive and binds to biomolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) and disrupts their function. (nih.gov)
In ruminants, unsaturated dietary fatty acids are biohydrogenated in the rumen and are further metabolised in various tissues, including liver, which has an important role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, manipulation of muscle fatty acid composition should take into account liver metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Liver fatty acid composition, mRNA levels of enzymes and transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, as well as the plasma lipid profile, were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the fatty acid composition of liver was clearly distinct from the remaining tissues involved in fatty acid metabolism of ruminants, as shown by Principal Components Analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
It is also suggested that dietary silage level influences the hepatic fatty acid metabolism in a breed-dependent manner, through changes in the expression of genes encoding for enzymes associated with the desaturation and elongation pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
This organ carries out central metabolic functions in various aspects of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, such as uptake, oxidation and metabolic conversion of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), synthesis of cholesterol and phospholipids, and formation and secretion of specific classes of lipoproteins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Uptake of NEFA is the predominant route by which fatty acids are supplied to the liver [ 3 ] and, thus, plasma lipid fatty acid composition should influence the liver fatty acid metabolism and composition [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
According to the authors, these results suggest the inhibition of α-linolenic acid metabolism by vegetable oils rich in n-3 PUFA. (biomedcentral.com)
Gaye-Siessegger J, McCullagh JSO, Focken U (2011) The effect of dietary amino acid abundance and isotopic composition on the growth rate, metabolism and tissue δ 13 C of rainbow trout. (springer.com)
Here we show that in α-cells, the interaction between fatty acid oxidation and glucose metabolism controls glucagon secretion. (diabetesjournals.org)
Hepatic steatosis was most-strongly associated with blood glucose and insulin levels but negatively correlated with circulating fatty acids-indicating a more significant contribution from hepatic DNL than from adipose lipolysis. (nature.com)
Synthesis2
Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA derivatives. (lookformedical.com)
Young women partition fatty acids towards ketone body production rather than VLDL-TAG synthesis, compared with young men. (ox.ac.uk)
NEFA2
Indeed, although carbohydrates can fuel hepatic DNL and thereby increase the hepatic pool of TG, in the settings of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), adipose-derived NEFA accounted for most (~ 60%) of the hepatic TG whereas DNL accounted for only ~ 25% 13 . (nature.com)
Net hepatic carbon retention was 4.4 +/- 1.2 micromol glucose equivalents. (nih.gov)
The glucose-dependent inhibition of glucagon secretion relies on pyruvate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a activity and lowering of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by increases in glucose. (diabetesjournals.org)
Liver7
Adipose lipolysis is a recognized principal source of intrahepatic fat in various metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (nature.com)
Sheep may prove an attractive large-animal model of fatty liver and metabolic comorbidities resulting from excess carbohydrate-based energy early in life. (nature.com)
FL develops when the rate of acquisition of fatty acids (FA) from the circulation and from hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) exceeds their rate of disposal by oxidation and export out of the liver. (nature.com)
In spite of similar plasma non-esterified fatty acids levels, liver triacylglycerols content was higher in Barrosã than in Alentejana bulls. (biomedcentral.com)
Results indicate that DGAT1 , ELOVL2 , FADS1 and FADS2 genes influence the fatty acid composition of the liver the most. (biomedcentral.com)
There is a discrepancy in the regulation of HMG-CoA - reductase and LDL receptor activities in liver from animals fed cholesterol with linoleic acid. (blogspot.com)
And this is consistent with another feature of NAFLD - increased rates of lipolysis and DNL, and a 2x greater flux through the TCA cycle, futile cycling which does not clear the liver of fat, but rearranges lipid carbon instead. (blogspot.com)
Oxidation3
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. (lookformedical.com)
The biosynthesis of DHA from α-linolenic acid is performed through alternating steps of desaturation and elongation, followed by a final step of peroxisomal β-oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
Carnitine is studied extensively in part because of the important role it plays in fatty acid oxidation and energy production, and because it is a well-tolerated and generally safe therapeutic agent. (nih.gov)
Because of these key functions, carnitine is concentrated in tissues that utilize fatty acids as their primary dietary fuel, such as skeletal and cardiac (heart) muscle. (nih.gov)
Proteins1
A broad category of membrane transport proteins that specifically transport FREE FATTY ACIDS across cellular membranes. (lookformedical.com)
Fats1
There are three macronutrients: # protein # carbohydrates # '''fats''' We all need fat in our diet, in fact there are fatty acids that are essential. (apoe4.info)
Docosahexaenoic acid1
Interest in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) has increased since it was found that their consumption in most Western populations, particularly those of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is sub-optimal for protection against the most prevalent chronic diseases [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The ability of young women to partition fatty acids towards ketone body production rather than VLDL-TAG may contribute to their more advantageous metabolic profile compared with young men. (ox.ac.uk)
Enzymes1
Understanding the molecular basis for the disease caused by mutations of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)I and CPTII enzymes involved in the transport of fatty acids by L-carnitine into and out of the mitochondria. (nih.gov)
Essential1
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential fatty acids (we must get them from the diet) that are critical for normal cell growth and development. (simplifaster.com)
Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the diet . (lookformedical.com)
View all of our acetic acid and other organic acid assay kits. (megazyme.com)
Plasma1
In women, the high isotopic enrichment of plasma 3-OHB suggested that systemic plasma fatty acids were the major source of 3-OHB production. (ox.ac.uk)
Transport1
After digestion, micelles transport the fatty acids to the surface of the gut lining, where they can be absorbed. (simplifaster.com)
Reduction1
The more dominant acid in patients with ketoacidosis is beta-hydroxybutyric acid, which results from the reduction of acetoacetic acid by NADH. (diabetestalk.net)
Milk1
Treatment also had no effect on milk trans fatty acid profile, but the extract increased total 16 carbonfatty acids 0.9 and 0.6 percentage points in experiment 1 and experiment 2, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Effect2
Biochemical and histochemical studies on the protective effect of elementary sulfur in experimental carbon tetrachloride poisoning]. (nih.gov)
In the large intestine and colon, microorganisms degrade E440a (Pectin) and liberate short-chain fatty acids that have positive influence on health (prebiotic effect). (atamanchemicals.com)
Results2
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS that contain at least one double bond in the trans configuration, which results in a greater bond angle than the cis configuration. (lookformedical.com)
This results in a more extended fatty acid chain similar to SATURATED FATTY ACIDS , with closer packing and reduced fluidity. (lookformedical.com)
Long-chain1
A long-chain fatty acid that is needed to create neuronal synapses (i.e., where signaling occurs for cell-to-cell communication) and membrane fluidity. (simplifaster.com)