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Capsid ProteinsCapsidVirionVirus AssemblyPolyomavirusImmunogeneticsOncogene Proteins, ViralHuman papillomavirus 16Antibodies, ViralPapillomaviridaeMicroscopy, ElectronDNA, ViralCell LineMolecular Sequence DataViral ProteinsPapillomavirus VaccinesCryoelectron MicroscopyAmino Acid SequenceViral Structural ProteinsPapillomavirus InfectionsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsTumor Virus InfectionsGenome, ViralRNA, ViralAntigens, ViralNorwalk virusVirus ReplicationCaliciviridaeCalicivirus, FelineSpodopteraPoliovirusBaculoviridaeBase SequenceDependovirusRNA VirusesGenes, ViralReoviridaeParvovirusModels, MolecularCaliciviridae InfectionsParvoviridaeNorovirusSindbis VirusParvovirus, CanineOpen Reading FramesNodaviridaePicornaviridaeVirus UncoatingRotavirusNeutralization TestsGenetic VectorsAphthovirusParvoviridae InfectionsCercopithecus aethiopsEpitopesIridovirusBromovirusRubella virusEnterovirus B, HumanHemorrhagic Disease Virus, RabbitViral VaccinesParvovirus B19, HumanVero CellsHerpesvirus 1, HumanMutationCircovirusMinute virus of miceCyclophilin ARecombinant ProteinsInsect VirusesPanicumEnterovirus A, HumanOrthoreovirus, MammalianVirosomesInfectious bursal disease virusMosaic VirusesGene Expression Regulation, ViralDNA Virus InfectionsNucleocapsidReceptors, VirusProtein ConformationHeLa CellsSequence AlignmentAleutian Mink Disease VirusProtein PrecursorsDNA PackagingCloning, MolecularRanavirusAmino Acid SubstitutionEpitope MappingSimian virus 40TotivirusPhylogenyBacteriophage T4Rous sarcoma virusEnterovirusBluetongue virusProtein Structure, TertiaryHepatitis E virusMamastrovirus
GenomeIcosahedralSingle-stranded RNA moleculePentamersPolyomavirusDelivering moleculesEnvelopeSymmetryHelicalHuman papillomavirusVertexEmbodimentsVirusesAdenovirusSubunitGeneNucleic acid coreParticlesInfluenza virusTobacco mosai2019TegumentPolyomavirusesVirusGenesHexagonalPolyproteinLatticeVirionIntrinsicallyMajorStructuresReplicationViral proteinHexonAminoMinorArrangementHostsCoreStructural proteinReceptorInteractionSynthesize
Genome7
  • as a free RdRp and as the genome-liked protein (VpG) that attaches to both 5' end segments of the DXV through a Ser-5'-GMP phosphodiester bond. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3: use the victim's __________ and ribosomes, To synthesize my proteins and replicate my genome. (learn-biology.com)
  • The target cell can be classified as infected once the virus has attached to the surface receptors, passed through the cell membrane, and the capsid disassembles within the cell releasing the viral genome (Phillips, 2002). (yale.edu)
  • The double-stranded DNA genome contains 125-240 kbp nucleotides, and 162 hollow hexagonal and pentagonal capsomeres make up the nucleocapsid, which together with the icosahedral protein capsid has an average width of 100 nm. (doctor-dr.com)
  • There are between 60 and 120 genes in the large herpesvirus genome, which encodes at least 100 distinct proteins. (doctor-dr.com)
  • The shell of a nonenveloped virus with even a very small genome must therefore contain a large number of identical protein subunits-at least 60, if the coat-protein gene is to use up less than 25% of the coding capacity in the enclosed nucleic acid. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein is a multifunctional protein essential for the control of virus gene expression, genome replication and persistence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Icosahedral4
  • The capsid of this protein contains an icosahedral geometry (T=13) consisting of 260 trimeric VP2 capsomeres. (wikipedia.org)
  • The core is surrounded by an icosahedral capsid containing 162 capsomeres. (brainkart.com)
  • Icosahedral capsid comprises of pentameres which have five structural units and hexameres which have 6 structural units. (zoologytalks.com)
  • On the basis of symmetry of capsid they are mainly of Icosahedral, helical and complex symmetry. (zoologytalks.com)
Single-stranded RNA molecule1
  • The protein coat is made up of approximately 2130 identical protein subunits called capsomeres which are present around a central single stranded RNA molecule. (brainkart.com)
Pentamers4
  • Electron microscopy cular DNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, of the STLPyV capsomeres showed 10-nm pentamers including humans. (cdc.gov)
  • The capsid of the virus comprises pri- characteristic of polyomaviruses (Figure 1, panel A). We marily 72 pentamers of the major coat protein, VP1. (cdc.gov)
  • Plug-like density features were observed at the base of the VP1 pentamers, consistent with the known location of minor capsid proteins VP2 and VP3. (rcsb.org)
  • The mature retrovirus capsid consists of a variably curved lattice of capsid protein (CA) hexamers and pentamers. (ox.ac.uk)
Polyomavirus4
  • Other examined whether cross-reactivity existed between STL- polyomaviruses, including WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), PyV and MWPyV VP1 capsomeres. (cdc.gov)
  • This result indicates that human polyomavirus 12, have been identified in speci- there was no significant cross-reactivity between STLPyV mens from humans, but their role in disease remains to and MWPyV VP1 capsomeres. (cdc.gov)
  • We postulate that the terminal β-hairpin locks other polyomavirus capsids in a stable conformation and that absence of the hairpin leads to the observed capsid size variation in APV. (rcsb.org)
  • Possible role for cellular karyopherins in regulating polyomavirus and papillomavirus capsid assembly. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Delivering molecules1
  • In some embodiments, methods and compositions are provided for creating and using virion-derived protein nanosphere particles (NSPs) that exhibit surprising selectivity for delivering molecules to tumors without targeting healthy tissue and without producing a serotype-specific immunogenic response in the subject. (justia.com)
Envelope7
  • Viruses are further classified by the presence of an envelope or lack of an envelope surrounding their protein coat. (yale.edu)
  • The tegument, an amorphous proteinaceous layer outside the capsid of mature viral particles, is encircled by a lipid envelope made of host cell membranes. (doctor-dr.com)
  • This is followed by the fusion of the viral envelope with the cell plasma membrane and the delivery of the viral capsid into the cell cytoplasm. (doctor-dr.com)
  • The simplest viruses have no lipid envelope and may be considered as complex aggregates of molecules, sometimes only a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a coat protein. (difference.wiki)
  • The envelope is made of lipids and proteins in the way a regular cell membrane is structured. (biology4kids.com)
  • a ) DNA core, ( b ) capsid, ( c ) tegument, and ( d ) envelope. (brainkart.com)
  • Between the envelope and capsid is an amorphous structure called tegument, which contains viral proteins and enzymes that initiate replication. (brainkart.com)
Symmetry4
  • I wanted to show how even non-geometric shapes such as proteins could demonstrate geometric symmetry when arranged in repeating patterns. (uaf.edu)
  • As an aside from symmetry, I demonstrated the "hollow" nature of the capsid shell around nucleic acid by showing both circular and linear genetic elements inside the opened model. (uaf.edu)
  • Helical or cylindrical symmetry- The rod shaped helical capsid of viruses which as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), bacteriophages M13 and influenza virus, have numerous identical capsomeres arranged in a helix. (zoologytalks.com)
  • Complex symmetry- these are of two shapes, first those without identifiable capsids Example pox viruses such as vaccinia, cowpox etc. and those with tadpole shaped structure, e.g. (zoologytalks.com)
Helical1
  • By determining multiple structures from various helical symmetries, we further revealed the essential plasticity of the CA molecule, which allows formation of continuously curved conical capsids and the mechanism of capsid pattern sensing by CypA. (ox.ac.uk)
Human papillomavirus3
  • Characterization of the human papillomavirus E2 protein: evidence of trans-activation and trans-repression in cervical keratinocytes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A novel interaction between the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 and E1^E4 proteins leads to stabilization of E2. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Comparison of the structure and DNA-binding properties of the E2 proteins from an oncogenic and a non-oncogenic human papillomavirus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Vertex1
  • The adenovirus is polyhedral and has a protein spike at each vertex. (referat.ru)
Embodiments3
  • In some embodiments, the nanosphere particle comprises wild-type HPV L2 capsid proteins. (justia.com)
  • In some embodiments, the mutated HPV L1 capsid protein has an amino acid sequence alteration that modifies in the subject HPV serotype-specific immunogenicity of the capsid protein relative to a naturally-occurring capsid protein. (justia.com)
  • Viral-like nanoparticles (also referred to as virus-like particles (VLPs)) of the present disclosure, generally, are assembled from L1 capsid proteins, or a combination of L1 and L2 capsid proteins, and the photosensitive molecules, in some embodiments, are conjugated to a capsid protein that forms the viral-like nanoparticle. (justia.com)
Viruses8
  • Whereas, viruses have genetic material surrounded by a protective coat of protein or lipoprotein. (sidclasses.in)
  • Viruses are classified as obligatory intracellular parasites due to their need of a host and inability to produce proteins necessary for reproduction (Tortora, 2002). (yale.edu)
  • Although the structure of some viruses appears simplistic with only a protein coat housing the nucleic acid of the virus, there are other viruses with more complexity in their morphology. (yale.edu)
  • There are various types of viruses and they are classified into various species based on their protein coat, the type of nucleic acid they contain, and the functional role the virus plays within an ecosystem (Tortora, 2002). (yale.edu)
  • These viruses have many facets and a seemingly hard shell of capsomeres (pieces of a capsid). (biology4kids.com)
  • B) Viruses are enclosed in protein capsids rather than plasma membranes. (easynotecards.com)
  • 13. Viruses have (AIPMT 2014) (a) DNA enclosed in a protein coat (b) prokaryotic nucleus (c) single chromosome (d) both DNA and RNA. (recruitmenttopper.com)
  • Enveloped viruses have, in their lipid bilayer, an impermeable barrier between their genomes and the outside environment, reducing the need for continuity of any protein layer. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Adenovirus1
  • Lali K. Medina-Kauwe (2013) Development of adenovirus capsid proteins in targeting gene and drug delivery, Therapeutic Delivery , 4(2):267-77. (cedars-sinai.edu)
Subunit1
  • Each individual protein subunit composing the capsid is a capsomere. (referat.ru)
Gene4
  • HPV PsVs have been produced in 293TT cells transfected with plasmid expressing L1 and L2 protein and plasmid containing the reporter gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Herpesviruses contain a variety of virus-specific enzymes involved in the control of protein synthesis, gene expression, nucleic acid metabolism, and DNA synthesis (DNA polymerase, helicase-primase, thymidine kinase, transcription factors, protein kinases). (doctor-dr.com)
  • Structural genes encode proteins that are not involved in gene regulation. (p450inhibitors.com)
  • Rentsendorj A., J. Xie, M. MacVeigh, H. Agadjanian, S. Bass, S. Hamm-Alvarez and L.K. Medina-Kauwe (2006) Typical and Atypical Trafficking Pathways of Ad5 Penton Base Recombinant Protein: Implications for Gene Transfer, Nature - Gene Therapy 13(10):821-36. (cedars-sinai.edu)
Nucleic acid core1
  • They have nucleic acid core surrounded by protein coat. (brainkart.com)
Particles1
  • The term virion is used to refer to developed viral particles that contain nucleic acid encased by a capsid (Tortora, 2002). (yale.edu)
Influenza virus1
Tobacco mosai1
  • 11) A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). (easynotecards.com)
20191
  • 2019) HER3-targeted protein chimera forms endosomolytic capsomeres and self-assembles into stealth nucleocapsids for systemic tumor homing of RNA interference in vivo. (cedars-sinai.edu)
Tegument1
  • The tegument is made up of enzymes like VP16, which subverts cellular proteins, enzymes involved in viral nucleic acid reproduction, and VHS (Virion Host Shut off), which stops the host cell's cytoplasmic protein synthesis. (doctor-dr.com)
Polyomaviruses1
  • However, the plug density is more prominent in APV and may include VP4, a minor capsid protein unique to bird polyomaviruses. (rcsb.org)
Virus10
  • The protein capsid is a protein layer that wraps around the virus. (referat.ru)
  • Once the cell is infected, the cell now contains the viral genetic information to produce the proteins necessary for viral reproduction and provides the proteins the virus lacks for metabolic activity (Tortora, 2002). (yale.edu)
  • The protein coat of a virus serves a variety of functions. (yale.edu)
  • The protein coat serves as a scaffold that holds the virus together and to act as a barrier to the outside environment. (yale.edu)
  • PsVs for Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCV) have been generated by co-transfection with the VP1 and VP2 genes of MCV strain 339 and a Green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter plasmid of 293TT cells engineered to stably express the cDNA of Simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HSV has at least 11 glycoproteins that are used for various functions, including (a) virus attachment proteins (gB, gC, gD, and gH), (b) fusion proteins (gB), (c) structural proteins, (d) immune escape proteins (gE, and gI), and (e) other fractions. (doctor-dr.com)
  • The virus proteins VHS and VP16 are also released in the cytoplasm along with the capsid proteins. (doctor-dr.com)
  • The virus has a protein covering around genetic material which is called capsid. (difference.wiki)
  • The capsid protects the core but also helps the virus infect new cells. (biology4kids.com)
  • E2 is expressed throughout the differentiation-dependent virus life cycle and is functionally regulated by association with multiple viral and cellular proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Genes1
  • Inject my ______ inside, use my victim's __________ , to make my genes and proteins for reproducing more of me. (learn-biology.com)
Hexagonal1
  • Capsomeres are of different shapes such as hollow prism, hexagonal, personal, globular or any other shape. (zoologytalks.com)
Polyprotein1
  • The mature VP4 protein, viral protease, assists this process to increase the processing of the polyprotein to generate preVP2 capsid protein, VP3 viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP), and additional VP4 proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Lattice1
  • CypA recognizes specific geometries of the curved lattice, simultaneously interacting with three CA protomers from adjacent hexamers via two noncanonical interfaces, thus stabilizing the capsid. (ox.ac.uk)
Virion2
Intrinsically2
  • Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play crucial roles in cellular processes and hold promise as drug targets. (bvsalud.org)
  • The CA hexamers are intrinsically curved, flexible and asymmetric, revealing the capsomere and not the previously touted dimer or trimer interfaces as the key contributor to capsid curvature. (ox.ac.uk)
Major3
Structures2
  • structures for protein and energy synthesis were lost, along with the inhibiting cell wall. (referat.ru)
  • The DriveAFM is the perfect solution for high-resolution imaging of demanding samples such as nanostructures, proteins, or polymeric structures (e.g. (nanosurf.net)
Replication1
  • Upon co-expression in keratinocytes, L1 reduces nucleolar association of E2 protein, and when co-expressed with E1 and E2, L1 is partially recruited to viral replication factories. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Viral protein1
  • A very late viral protein triggers the lytic release of SV40. (ictv.global)
Hexon2
  • The genetic insertion of a biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) into the fiber, protein IX, or hexon components of the Ad capsid has resulted in vectors that are metabolically biotinylated upon production in host cells. (rice.edu)
  • While targeted transduction via the fiber was efficient through a broad array of ligand-receptor interactions, redirection of binding and uptake through the more abundant protein IX and hexon resulted in poor transduction. (rice.edu)
Amino1
  • To protect it with a gap-free protein shell, 30 Å thick, would require roughly 25,000 amino acid residues-far more than the viral nucleic acid can encode. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Minor1
Arrangement1
  • I tried to build an icosohedral capsid reflecting the arrangement of proteins in the HPV capsid. (uaf.edu)
Hosts1
  • The protein coat also acts to transport the viral nucleic acid to the cells of potential hosts. (yale.edu)
Core1
  • The protein coat winds up like a garden hose around the core. (biology4kids.com)
Structural protein1
  • In addition VP3 proteins can associate with pre-VP2 as a structural protein and with VP1 to function as a transcriptional activator. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor1
  • While some CULLIN family members recruit adapters before engaging further with different substrate receptors, homo-dimeric BTB-Kelch family proteins combine adapter and substrate receptor into a single polypeptide for the CULLIN3 family. (bvsalud.org)
Interaction2
  • A novel system for the attachment of targeting ligands to the Ad capsid, based on the extremely strong avidin-biotin interaction, is described herein. (rice.edu)
  • Intrinsic curvature of the HIV-1 CA hexamer underlies capsid topology and interaction with cyclophilin A. (ox.ac.uk)
Synthesize1