DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
Immunoradiometric AssayRadioimmunoassayImmunoassayThyrotropinAntigens, Tumor-Associated, CarbohydrateHyperthyroidismReagent Kits, DiagnosticAntibodies, MonoclonalGlycoprotein Hormones, alpha SubunitEthacridineRadioimmunosorbent TestHyperparathyroidismThyroid Function TestsThyrotropin-Releasing HormoneIodine RadioisotopesReference ValuesThyroid DiseasesParathyroid HormoneParathyroid Hormone-Related ProteinHypercalcemiaMicrochemistryHypothyroidismThyroglobulinQuality ControlFluoroimmunoassayProinsulinFerritinsAutoanalysisAdrenocorticotropic HormoneCross ReactionsBiotinSensitivity and SpecificityCathepsin DChorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, HumanAntigens, NeoplasmEpitopesThyroxineTumor Markers, BiologicalAntigen-Antibody ComplexChorionic GonadotropinAntibody SpecificityEvaluation Studies as TopicCarcinoembryonic AntigenPeptide FragmentsImmunoglobulin GBreast NeoplasmsTriiodothyronineAntibodiesInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3PregnancyInsulin-Like Growth Factor IImmunoenzyme Techniques
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaysIRMASensitivitySpecificityOvarian cancerTumor MarkersMonitoring differentiated thyroid cancerStandardizationRecurrenceThyroid cancerUrine cytologyProteinsSandwichPrevalenceMalignantDiagnosticRecurrentSerum levelsColorectalBladder Cancer DiagnosisCardiovascularAntibodySurgicalAntibodiesCommonlyProstate cancerAntigenLevelsClinicalMethodsEpithelialMarkersLung CancerSevereBreastStudySurveillanceResultsPatients with primarySymptomsDiseasesComparisonApplicationsDevelopmentSurgeryPrimaryTechniques
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays2
  • 25 ] In India, the laboratory methods commonly followed are immunometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays where the prevalence of hook effect is more. (lww.com)
  • Fasting serum FGF21 and adiponectin levels as well as fasting insulin, glucose, transaminases, and lipid profiles were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 45 lean and 70 obese children aged 7-14 years. (jomes.org)
IRMA2
Sensitivity9
  • conducted a study involving 198 individuals having bladder cancer, and the test showed an overall sensitivity rate of 90 %, and urine cytology showed a 44 % sensitivity rate. (icliniq.com)
  • achieved a 67 % sensitivity rate for the BTA stat test performed to detect recurrent bladder cancer. (icliniq.com)
  • achieved a 72 % sensitivity rate for the BTA TRAK assay in individuals with recurrent bladder cancer. (icliniq.com)
  • Studies have shown a specificity and a sensitivity rate of 75 % and 66 %, respectively, for the NMP22 assay. (icliniq.com)
  • Compared to sequencing, bio-chip assay shows a sensitivity of 96.5% and specificity of 100% for RMP resistance. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, CA 549 assay has an acceptable sensitivity with high specificity. (nih.gov)
  • However, owing to the lack of sensitivity and specificity, elevations in single or sequential CA 125 levels alone are not recommended for ovarian cancer screening or in the initial diagnosis of ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Several studies have shown that ultrasonography has higher sensitivity than palpation and the other diagnostic methods for the detection of cervical metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Japan, although PAC and ARC are measured by radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay, respectively, non-radioisotopic methods with better detection sensitivity, measurement accuracy, and technical simplicity are needed. (jsce-ip.com)
Specificity2
  • In individuals with genitourinary cancer or benign genitourinary diseases such as hematuria , urinary tract inflammation, or renal calculi , BTA tests' specificity is lower compared to healthy individuals. (icliniq.com)
  • The aim of this study was not to compare our home made with commercially available method but tested for general assay performance, including homemade polyclonal antibody specificity. (longdom.org)
Ovarian cancer4
  • Available evidence also suggests that a substantial amount of GDF15 is secreted in various human cancers, such as ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, among others. (biovendor.com)
  • Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is the only tumor marker recommended for clinical use in the diagnosis and management of ovarian cancer . (medscape.com)
  • A study by Potenza et al indicated that in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, combined analysis of CA 125 and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is an effective indicator of success in chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • and ovarian cancer) or non-oncolog- (mean 14 per patient) were performed. (who.int)
Tumor Markers3
  • What Are the Urinary Tumor Markers in Bladder Cancer? (icliniq.com)
  • iCliniq / Health Articles / Bladder Cancer / What Are the Urinary Tumor Markers in Bladder Cancer? (icliniq.com)
  • The levels of the tumor markers were measured by immunoradiometric assays (RIA). (nih.gov)
Monitoring differentiated thyroid cancer1
  • Thyroglobulin antibodies are present in up to 20% of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, and this can interfere with the thyroglobulin assay, rendering it unreliable for monitoring differentiated thyroid cancer. (medscape.com)
Standardization3
  • Commutability of the certified reference materials for the standardization of beta-amyloid 1-42 assay in human cerebrospinal fluid: lessons for tau and beta-amyloid 1-40 measurements. (jctlm.org)
  • Standardization of hepatitis E virus (HEV) nucleic acid amplification technique-based assays: an initial study to evaluate a panel of HEV strains and investigate laboratory performance. (jctlm.org)
  • Future larger and more adequately powered prospective studies are warranted to clarify the assay standardization, the optimal cut-off, and the prognostic value of BNPs in conjunction with other biomarkers. (biomedcentral.com)
Recurrence5
  • Bladder cancer has a very high recurrence rate, requiring lifelong surveillance. (icliniq.com)
  • sis in primary breast cancer patients, toms of metastasis or recurrence and Tumour markers assays with elevated levels reflecting adverse with no other malignant disorders. (who.int)
  • The significance of thyroglobulin antibody values after surgical and radioiodine ablation for differentiated thyroid cancer is unclear, but a persistence of thyroglobulin antibodies indicates possible residual thyroid tissue and an increased risk of recurrence. (medscape.com)
  • In patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated by surgery and radioactive iodine ablation, serum thyroglobulin(Tg) and 131I whole body scan(WBS) are recognized as being the best cooperative indicators for detection of recurrence or metastasis. (e-enm.org)
  • Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) is the most recent clinical approach in the detection and diagnosis of bladder cancer, a common type of cancer with a high rate of recurrence. (encyclopedia.pub)
Thyroid cancer14
  • In addition, testing for thyroglobulin is of great importance regarding metastatic, recurrent, or residual disease in patients with a previous diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Up to 10% of the general population and 20% of individuals with differentiated thyroid cancer have detectable antithyroglobulin antibodies, which represents a challenge because thyroglobulin values obtained in the presence of antithyroglobulin antibodies may not be clinically reliable. (medscape.com)
  • In patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (particularly papillary or follicular thyroid cancer), important information about the presence or absence of residual, recurrent, or metastatic disease can be obtained using serum thyroglobulin measurements. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 , 3 ] Another cause of persistent thyroglobulin antibodies (even up to 20 years in some individuals without detectable differentiated thyroid cancer) is coexistent autoimmune thyroid disease. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical Applications of 18-FDG PET in Recurred Differentiated Thyroid Cancer with Negative 131I Whole Body Scintigraphy: A Comparative Analysis with 99mTc-MIBI Scintigraphy. (e-enm.org)
  • The figure above is from the open access paper: Carlberg M, Hedendahl L, Ahonen, Koppel T, Hardell L. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries with main focus on Swedish data. (saferemr.com)
  • Latest Statistics on Thyroid Cancer in the U.S. (saferemr.com)
  • The National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates that 43 ,720 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in 2023. (saferemr.com)
  • Age-adjusted rates for new thyroid cancer cases have been stable from 2009-2018 based upon an analysis of data from the NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-9 (SEER-9) cancer registry program. (saferemr.com)
  • The rate of new cases of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 men and women per year. (saferemr.com)
  • Approximately 1.2 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer at some point during their lifetime, based on 2017-2019 data. (saferemr.com)
  • In 2020, there were an estimated 951,153 people living with thyroid cancer in the United States. (saferemr.com)
  • Thyroid cancer was the most common type of new cancer diagnosed in adolescents and young adults ages 15-39 from 2014-2018 in the U.S. (saferemr.com)
  • Further human studies exploring thyroid gland hormones, microscopic morphology, and thyroid cancer are highly recommended for future researches. (saferemr.com)
Urine cytology2
  • The initial diagnosis of bladder cancer involves cystoscopy and urine cytology every three months for up to three years and six months for the coming three years and annually after that. (icliniq.com)
  • It is performed along with voided urine cytology and is an immunocytology immunofluorescence assay. (icliniq.com)
Proteins2
  • Several cancers produce proteins that are physiologically expressed in utero by embryonic and fetal cells but not expressed by normal adult cells. (medscape.com)
  • Other urinary tests under development that are not, to date, recommended for diagnostic use, include UBC-Rapid/ELISA test, CYFRA 21-1 and BLCA-1/BLCA-4, which assay proteins predominantly present in metastatic cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
Sandwich3
  • Circulating concentrations of growth-differentiation factor 15 in apparently healthy elderly individuals and patients with chronic heart failure as assessed by a new immunoradiometric sandwich assay. (biovendor.com)
  • Theoretically, this issue is only applicable to sandwich immunometric assays without a wash step between reagent additions. (lww.com)
  • But, in all sandwich assays, the signal begins to plateau with high concentrations of analyte due to limiting amounts of reagent antibodies and rare samples with extremely high concentrations of analyte can even lead to the hook effect in assays with a wash step. (lww.com)
Prevalence1
  • The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (Met.S) is increasing worldwide, and it is responsible for an increased morbidity and mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular disease and cancer. (jdeponline.com)
Malignant2
  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in lung tissue, accounting for about 80% to 85% of lung cancer. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the uterine cervix and high risk human papilloma virus causes the disease. (koreamed.org)
Diagnostic3
  • The IDS-iSYS Ostase ® BAP assay is an in vitro diagnostic device intended for the quantitative determination of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), an indicator of osteoblastic activity, in human serum or plasma on the IDS system. (idsplc.com)
  • The addition of any one tumor marker assay consistently improved the diagnostic value of cytology. (nih.gov)
  • La présente étude prospective à Yazd (République islamique d'Iran) a évalué la valeur des marqueurs tumoraux tels que l'antigène carcino-embryonaire et l'antigène carbohydrate 15-3 chez 159 patientes ayant reçu un premier diagnostic de cancer du sein. (who.int)
Recurrent1
  • During post-treatment surveillance, 53 patients were diagnosed as having recurrent cervical cancer based on biopsy or a radiological test showing progression of a lesion. (koreamed.org)
Serum levels3
  • Garnero P and Delmas P. Assessment of the serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase with a new immunoradiometric assay in patients with metabolic bone disease. (idsplc.com)
  • Serum levels of a tumor-associated antigen, designated CA 15-3, which is defined by two monoclonal antibodies, in 60 untreated breast cancer patients in various stages were determined by immunoradiometric assay. (medicaljournal-ias.org)
  • The inclusion criteria were (abnormal serum levels of CEA or breast cancer [1-3]. (who.int)
Colorectal1
  • A total of 2226 deter- or regression status in breast cancer cological (lung, colorectal, pancreas minations of serum CEA and CA15-3 patients [5-8]. (who.int)
Bladder Cancer Diagnosis2
  • Infographic illustrating the currently available (yellow boxes) and potential microdevices (colour bordered boxes) for urinary bladder cancer diagnosis, as described in Tables 1 and 2 below. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Table 1 provides a nonexhaustive list of studies involving these biomarkers that have resulted in commercially available tests for bladder cancer diagnosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
Cardiovascular2
  • AM is expressed in many tissues throughout the body, and plays acritical role in several diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and renal disorders, among others. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • While AM is a protective agent against cardiovascular disorders, it behaves as a stimulating factor in other pathologies such as cancer and diabetes. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Antibody1
  • Poliovirus antibody was measured by microneutralisation assay. (cdc.gov)
Surgical1
  • Irvin GL IIISolorzano CCCarneiro DM Quick intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay: surgical adjunct to allow limited parathyroidectomy, improve success rate, and predict outcome. (jamanetwork.com)
Antibodies1
Commonly1
Prostate cancer1
  • Cooper EH, Whelan P, and Purves D. Bone alkaline phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen in the monitoring of prostate cancer. (idsplc.com)
Antigen1
  • This prospective study in Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran, assessed the value of the tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen (CA) 15-3 in 159 patients with primary breast cancer. (who.int)
Levels2
  • As such, baseline levels in patients who undergo serial CA 125 monitoring should be redetermined if the methodology in the assay is changed. (medscape.com)
  • The Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup (GCIG) defines a response to treatment as a reduction of 50% or more in pretreatment CA 125 levels maintained for at least 28 days. (medscape.com)
Clinical5
  • Imaging studies in- was one of the first serum-based tu- The study sample was women with cluding chest X-rays, liver ultrasonog- mour markers to be characterized, primary breast cancer attending a pri- raphy and bone scans were performed and its utility has been assessed in vate clinic in Yazd, Islamic Republic if there was clinical or laboratory a variety of malignancies including of Iran. (who.int)
  • More than 75% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer have clinical manifestations such as cough, chest pain, haemoptysis, weight loss, dyspnoea, and other symptoms may also include venous congestion in the upper chest, shoulder pain together with the ulnar aspect of the arm and forearm. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • This study was aimed to investigate endometrial histology and to find predictable clinical factors for endometrial disease (hyperplasia or cancer) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). (ecerm.org)
  • The development of a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay to satisfy the pressing need for a simple yet effective method for measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] in a serum and thus more suited to routine use in clinical biochemical laboratories[1]. (longdom.org)
  • Irvin GL IIIDembrow VDPrudhomme DL Clinical usefulness of an intraoperative "quick parathyroid hormone" assay. (jamanetwork.com)
Methods1
  • Conclusion: Simplification of the methods for extraction and separation has been a key feature in the improvement of assays for vitamin D in Democratic Republic of Congo. (longdom.org)
Epithelial1
  • It includes any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), and the main subtypes of NSCLC are adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. (creativebiolabs.net)
Markers3
  • ABSTRACT The value of serum tumour markers in the prognosis of patients with breast cancer is controversial. (who.int)
  • Research on markers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been under way. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • The 2011 Lancet Seminar on non-small-cell lung cancer mentioned that thyroid transcription factor 1, cytokeratin 7, and mucin staining are recommended markers for adenocarcinoma, and P63 and cytokeratin 5/6 for squamous-cell carcinoma. (creativebiolabs.net)
Lung Cancer7
  • Air pollution and smoking are the main risk factors for non-small cell lung cancer. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • The earlier you smoke, the higher the frequency of smoking, and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk of lung cancer. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • Others such as family genetic history and radioactive environments also are induced factors of non-small cell lung cancer. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • Early detection of non-small cell lung cancer is mainly by X-ray. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • The diagnosis usually begins with the appearance of suspicious symptoms, so the results of physical exam and medical history can be helpful for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • In addition, microscopic examination of sputum samples, that is sputum cytology, is also one of the means of detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • Biopsy is usually an effective method for the diagnosis of lung cancer. (creativebiolabs.net)
Severe1
  • For those who has underlying malignancy, the cancers may be sufficiently severe to show up in history and examination to point towards the diagnosis with little laboratory investigations. (wikipedia.org)
Breast5
  • These observations indicate that CA 15-3 is a sensitive tumor marker for diagnosis and especially for monitoring of breast cancer patients. (medicaljournal-ias.org)
  • Breast cancer, tumor marker, CA 15-3. (medicaljournal-ias.org)
  • The hidden sentinel node in breast cancer. (adre.ro)
  • The results of non-smoker females with primary CA15-3) suspicion of symptomatic serum CEA assay can reflect progno- breast cancer, without signs or symp- metastasis. (who.int)
  • For patient education information, see the Cancer Center , as well as Brain Cancer , Bladder Cancer , and Breast Cancer . (medscape.com)
Study1
  • To establish penile cancer (PeCa) cell lines for the study of molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and testing therapeutic reagents. (oncotarget.com)
Surveillance1
  • According to the recommendations by the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), histories and physical examinations at each visit and annual cervical/vaginal cytologies are recommended during post-treatment surveillance. (koreamed.org)
Results2
  • More than 60 years ago, the phenomenon of high-dose hook effect had been documented in serological assays, which resulted in false-negative results. (lww.com)
  • IGFBP-1 was the most abundant IGFBP in CM, and densitometric analysis revealed a 2.5-fold increase in IGFBP-1 under hypoxic, compared with normoxic, conditions, supporting the immunoradiometric assay results. (ox.ac.uk)
Patients with primary1
Symptoms2
  • Non-small cell cancer has no special symptoms of disease, and the symptoms may be similar to or coincide with the symptoms of other diseases, which makes diagnosis more difficult. (creativebiolabs.net)
  • Currently, through the use of chemical assays and ultrasonography, physicians are capable of making the diagnosis of pregnancy before many of the physical signs and symptoms are evident. (medscape.com)
Diseases1
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Comparison1
  • Carneiro DMSolorzano CCNader MCRamirez MIrvin GL III Comparison of intraoperative iPTH assay (QPTH) criteria in guiding parathyroidectomy: which criterion is the most accurate? (jamanetwork.com)
Applications1
Development1
  • New noninvasive tests based on the detection of cancer-specific biomarkers in urine have been in development over the last decades. (encyclopedia.pub)
Surgery2
  • CEA and CA15-3 assays (mean 14 per patient) were performed at diagnosis, end of surgery and chemotherapy and every 3 months in the first 2 years and every 6 months in second 2 years of the follow-up period. (who.int)
  • The primary therapy for early stage cervical cancer is surgery and that for locally advanced disease is concurrent chemoradiotherapy. (koreamed.org)
Primary3
Techniques1
  • High-dose hook effect still remains a problem in many assay techniques like one-step immunometric assays, [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] immunoturbidimetric assays, [ 10 ] and immunonephelometric assays. (lww.com)