Callus genetic plant somatic embryogenesis techniques. Medical search. Frequent questions

Immature zygotic embryos were incubated for callus induction on Murashige and Skoog basal salts supplemented with 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg L -1 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (scialert.net)
0.01) in callus induction frequency, formation of embryogenic callus, number of shoots per embryogenic callus regenerating plants, percent of embryogenic callus forming shoots and regeneration efficiency. (scialert.net)
Although colchicine induces polyploidy and enhances genetic diversity, the concentration of colchicine is crucial for the success of ploidy induction. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
1997. Induction of embryogenesis in cultured mature zygotic embryos of Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. (forda-mof.org)
DcAOX genes' were further explored in a plant pot experiment in response to chilling, which confirmed the early AOX transcript increase prior to the induction of a specific anti-freezing gene. (frontiersin.org)
Combination of 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 NAA resulted in the highest percentage of callus induction (100%) and callus quality. (ac.ir)
Beside induction of osmotic pressure, colostrum is a rich source of organic nitrogen and calcium which play key roles in somatic embryogenesis. (ac.ir)
Grandiflora', the effects of different explants and plant hormone combinations on callus induction, adventitious bud differentiation, proliferation and rooting were studied using perennial mother plant leaflets, annual grafted seedling leaflets, axillary bud induction leaflets and proliferative first-generation leaflets as explants. (chinbullbotany.com)
E1)-(E7) The process of callus induction, adventitious bud differentiation and proliferation of the proliferative generation of leaflets. (chinbullbotany.com)
Indica cultivars of rice showed low anther culturability (1.2% callus induction) whereas Japonica cultivars had 20-fold higher (28.1%) anther culturability. (newbioworld.org)
Callus induction was greater (73.00%) on the medium containing 2.0 mg L -1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.3 mg L -1 BAP and 0.2 mg L -1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). (oeno-one.eu)
Knowing the specific balance between the growth regulators is necessary to establish in vitro shoot cultures, callus induction and shoot regeneration and, hence, to propagate disease-free true to type grape cultivars in a short time. (oeno-one.eu)
pada tiga metode kultur berbeda (Effect of TDZ on the somatic embryo induction of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb. (iribb.org)

The purpose of this experiment is to obtain the best treatment for somatic embryos formation. (forda-mof.org)
The observation was done on texture, numbers and color of embryogenic callus and weekly number of somatic embryos for eight weeks. (forda-mof.org)
The kinetin treatment of 1.5 mg/l on liquid medium was the best treatment because it is able to induce 162 cotyledonary stage of somatic embryos for eight weeks. (forda-mof.org)
1997. Improvement of the maturation and germination of horse chesnut somatic embryos. (forda-mof.org)
2012. Somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos and shoot-tips of the Chilean tree Gomortega keule. (forda-mof.org)
2002. High frequency plant regeneration from Aralia cordata somatic embryos. (forda-mof.org)
2002. Direct somatic mbryogenesis from mature embryos of sandalwood. (forda-mof.org)
The highest number of matured somatic embryos per petri dish (81) and callus greening were observed on the medium containing 1 mg L-1 ABA + 45 g L-1 maltose. (ac.ir)
The embryos arise from a single cell and has no vascular connection with the maternal callus tissue on the exaplant. (exama2z.in)
Direct embryogenesis - The embryos initiate directly from the explant tissue in the absence of callus proliferation. (exama2z.in)
Indirect embryogenesis: - Cell proliferation i.e. callus from explant takes place, from which embryos are developed. (exama2z.in)
Somatic embryos arise from single cells located within a cluster of meristematic cells either in callus mass or in suspension. (exama2z.in)
Steward (1963), Helperin, and Wetherell (1964) successfully developed somatic embryos from young anther cells of Datura. (cbsetuts.com)
In this case, young embryos are taken out from developing seeds and grown on a culture medium to form seedlings and then young plants. (cbsetuts.com)
Each fruit of an orchid plant develops several thousand tiny seeds which contain morphologically undifferentiated embryos. (cbsetuts.com)
But it is now possible to raise a hybrid plant by culturing the inviable embryos in vitro. (cbsetuts.com)
pada sistem perendaman sesaat Growth and differentiation of embryogenic callus and somatic embryos of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (iribb.org)

Alternatively, whole plants can be produced by inducing organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. (brainstorming.com)
This medium was developed by Murashige and Skoog to induce organogenesis, and regeneration of plants in cultured tissues. (microbiologynote.com)
The prevalent micropropagation techniques include shoot proliferation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. (oeno-one.eu)
In general, a common pattern is for an intermediate callus to precede organogenesis. (typeset.io)

The donor tissue, called explant, is taken from a living plant, disinfected, and then transferred to an artificial growth medium under sterile conditions. (brainstorming.com)
If the explant receives the right stimuli, its cells will divide and spread over the medium, forming the already mentioned callus. (brainstorming.com)
2002. The effect of genotype and explant age on somatic embryogenesis of Coffee. (forda-mof.org)
In this medium the explant will produce sufficient callus tissue. (exama2z.in)
In callus culture, the explant undergoes cell division and forms an unorganized and undifferentiated mass of cells called Callus. (cbsetuts.com)
In the second step of Plant tissue culture, the sterilized explant is included within a tissue culture medium which is constituted of growth regulators and suitable nutrients. (microbiologynote.com)
The plant part which is used for the tissue culture is called as explant. (pdfcoffee.com)
The explant may be of single isolated cells or tissues or any plant organ. (pdfcoffee.com)
So for the complete development of plant from the explant, the explant should be undifferentiated, young, healthy and vigorous. (pdfcoffee.com)
Factors Affecting Plant Tissue Culture: Growth Media Minerals, Growth factors, Carbon source, Hormones Environmental Factors Light, Temperature, Photoperiod, Sterile condition and Relative Humidity Explant Source Usually, the younger, less differentiated the explant, the better for tissue culture Genetics Different species show differences in amenability to tissue culture. (pdfcoffee.com)

In conclusion, the present study provides a suitable somatic embryogenesis system which may serve in micropropagation, genetic transformation, and ploidy manipulation of tuberose. (ac.ir)
The tissue culture technique is also known as micropropagation. (microbiologynote.com)
The clones of plants are produced by using this method, known as micropropagation. (microbiologynote.com)
However, the risk of infection can be eliminated through unconventional propagation techniques like micropropagation or tissue culture, which ensures the mass production of virus- and disease-free "elite" planting material. (oeno-one.eu)
Micropropagation is the art and science of in vitro plant multiplication. (oeno-one.eu)

Friable callus was used as explants whereas liquid and solid MS media supplemented with vitamin B, 30 g/l sucrose were used as basal medium. (forda-mof.org)
The results showed that callus could be induced from all four explants, and adventitious buds could be derived from all explants except the leaflets of perennial mother plants. (chinbullbotany.com)
The regenerated plants from different explants grew very differently, and those induced from first generation of proliferative leaflets had the best growth. (chinbullbotany.com)
Following aseptic technique, explants are placed individually on a semi-solid Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 0.1 mg/L 2, 4-D and 2% sucrose. (exama2z.in)
In some cases, explants are dedifferentiated in vitro to obtain callus that is subsequently infected with Agrobacterium harboring a recombinant Ti plasmid that will be inserted into plant chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Calluses were induced from leaf explants taken from in vitro grown shoots. (oeno-one.eu)
Similarly, for inducing the callus of the leaf explants, taken from in vitro grown shoots, it is recommended to adjust the medium with the higher concentration of 2,4-D and lower concentrations of BAP. (oeno-one.eu)
Experimental root explants were taken from two different stocks: (i) previously differentiated from leaf callus and now being maintained through subcultures in liquid White's medium and (ii) freshly differentiated from leaf callus on solid Murashige and Skoog's medium + casein hydrolysate (100 mg/1) + IAA (0.5 mg/1). (typeset.io)

Among the genotypes investigated, [CML387/CML176]-B-B-2-3-2-B [QPM] and Melkassa-6Q had higher capacity in embryogenic callus formation, regeneration efficiency and higher proportion of embryogenic calli forming shoots. (scialert.net)

Plant hormones are not nutrients, but chemicals that in small amounts promote and influence the growth, development, and differentiation of cells and tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Vascular differentiation was evident in regenerable calli, whereas non-regenerable calli lacked normally developed vascular tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

Hence there is a need to diversify the genetic basis of the locally adapted germplasm by introgressing genes responsible for improving tolerance to drought stress. (scialert.net)
Various approaches to avoid or eliminate undesirable transgenes, most notably selectable marker genes used in plant transformation, have recently been developed. (bioone.org)
These approaches include cotransformation with two independent T-DNAs or plasmid DNAs followed by their subsequent segregation, transposon-mediated DNA elimination, and most recently, attempts to replace bacterial T-DNA borders and selectable marker genes with functional equivalents of plant origin. (bioone.org)
This review focuses on recent reports demonstrating the elimination of undesirable transgenes (essentially selectable marker and recombinase genes) from the plant genome and concomitant activation of a silent transgene (e.g., a reporter gene) mediated by different site-specific recombinases driven by constitutive or chemically, environmentally or developmentally regulated promoters. (bioone.org)
Current trends and future prospects for optimization of excision-activation machinery and its practical implementation for the generation of transgenic plants and plant products free of undesired genes are discussed. (bioone.org)
This technique seems to fail when gene(s) responsible for trait improvement is only present in unrelated species and it is not possible to bring such genes through crossings. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic engineering provides one such possibility (bringing genes from unrelated species) whereby the focus is on improving various traits that lead to high yields, tolerance to salinity, drought, pests, weeds, and sustainable agricultural traits such as higher water use efficiency (WUE). (biomedcentral.com)
This finding suggests that dedifferentiation and plant regeneration may be heritable characters and the genes involved in these characters may be scarce in sugar beet populations. (biomedcentral.com)
If the B gene does not interfere with genes governing callus formation and plant regeneration in NK-219mm-O, it may be possible to breed an annual sugar beet that is suitable for molecular genetic analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Protoplast fusion and embryo culture techniques are used to integrate desirable genes from wild species to the cultivated species 15. (pdfcoffee.com)

Thus, people could buy the PTC kit and either use the compounds produced by the cultures or transfer in vitro grown plantlets to non-sterile soil conditions, in order to grow whole plants with known genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. (brainstorming.com)
A small piece of tissue is removed from a stock plant and grown in a nutrient medium under controlled aseptic physical conditions to produce numerous novel plants or plantlets . (oeno-one.eu)

The biosynthesis of plant hormones within plant tissues is often diffuse and not always localized. (wikipedia.org)
Plants utilize simple chemicals as hormones, which move more easily through their tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Stress-adaptive cell plasticity in target tissues and cells for plant biomass growth is important for yield stability. (frontiersin.org)
Plant cryopreservation involves the storage of plant tissues (usually seed or shoot tips) in liquid nitrogen (LN) at -196°C or in the vapour phase of LN at -135°C in such a way that the viability of stored tissues is retained following re-warming. (slideshare.net)
The technique of maintaining and growing cells, tissues, or organs, especially on artificial medium in suitable containers under controlled environmental conditions is known as tissue culture. (cbsetuts.com)
The technique in which the tissues or cells are grown on an artificial medium separate from the parent organism is known as tissue culture. (microbiologynote.com)
For the animals, this technique is also known as the culture of animal cells and tissues and for the plants, it is known as plant tissue culture. (microbiologynote.com)
Plant tissue culture is a technique that is utilized to sustain or grow plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile condition on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. (microbiologynote.com)
Sophisticated lab facilities are needed Plants cells, tissues and organs grown in artificial medium Optimum environmental conditions are provided Aseptic condition is maintained in tissue culture laboratory Plants are multiplied by asexual method/vegetative methods Progenies obtained are true to type because of asexual reproduction 5. (pdfcoffee.com)

Each plant species has its own optimal temperature for growth, and its geographical distribution is determined to a major extent by the temperature zone in which it can survive. (allindianpatents.com)
Suitably selected species with improved planting techniques and fertilizer amendments has resulted in increase in organic matter, decrease in pH and conductivity of soils and increase in biodiversity of a salt land at Gangani village in Jodhpur district. (icfre.gov.in)
Use of Gypsum (100% soil gypsum requirement), farmyard manure (FYM) and nitrogen enhanced growth (30-70%) of all plant species. (icfre.gov.in)
While transformation procedures have become routine for a growing number of plant species, the random introduction of complex transgenenic DNA into the plant genome by current methods generates unpredictable effects on both transgene and homologous native gene expression. (bioone.org)
The risk of transgene transfer into related plant species and consumers is another concern associated with the conventional transformation technologies. (bioone.org)
The number of plants of this species is continuously decreasing in nature because of cutting the plants and removing underground organs. (ejbiotechnology.info)
Thus electrophoretic and isozyme techniques can successfully be used to characterize different wild and cultivated Corchorus species. (scialert.net)
Another reason is to conserve endangered plant species, particularly where seeds may be extremely scarce or of doubtful quality and/or the species is threatened with imminent extinction. (slideshare.net)
Red sanders is listed as an endangered plant species on the IUCN red data list as a result of the exploitation of its wood and essential oil. (researchgate.net)
Obtaining dedifferentiated cells (callus) that can regenerate into whole plants is not always feasible for many plant species. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the media mentioned above, MS medium is widely employed in plant tissue culture work due to its success with several plant species and culture systems. (microbiologynote.com)
Maintenance and multiplication of heterozygous plants( cross pollinated plant species ) is easy in tissue culture 10. (pdfcoffee.com)
The performance of three green manure plant species viz. (pakbs.org)
Ethnobotany provides a scientific rationale to identify medicinally important plant species, especially for finding new drugs that play vital role in the treatment of different diseases. (pakbs.org)
This ethnobotanical survey of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) was carried out to identify medicinally important plant species that are traditionally used to treat gynecological disorders and infectious diseases, and to study their antimicrobial potential against pathogens that cause infections in females. (pakbs.org)

Male sterile lines (cybrids) for the hybrid seed production can be developed using protoplast fusion technique. (pdfcoffee.com)

Genetic variation is closely correlated with crop improvement. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Assessment of Genetic Variation and Distribution Pattern of Thalictrum petaloideum Detected by RAPDs [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
Graft-induced Inheritable Variation in Mungbean and Its Application in Mungbean Breeding [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
From these gene sequences cytochrome c oxidase is reported as bar coding gene and can be used in future for interspecific genetic variation in these aphids. (cropj.com)
High number of variations for resistant to pests disease, tolerant plants for drought, salt and improved quality characteristics can be obtained through somaclonal variation technique 12. (pdfcoffee.com)
Arg) yang resisten dan rentan terhadap Corynespora casiicola berdasarkan penanda RAPD dan AFLP Genetic variation of rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. (iribb.org)

Five Ethiopian tropical maize genotypes were evaluated for their regeneration potential through somatic embryogenesis to establish regeneration system and select regenerable genotypes as prerequisites in applying genetic transformation for improved drought stress tolerance. (scialert.net)
The regeneration potential was examined based on the phenotypes of calli after placement on regeneration medium. (biomedcentral.com)
In a half-diallel cross, the callus-formation efficiency and the regeneration potential of reciprocal F 1 s progeny having a NK-219mm-O background were high. (biomedcentral.com)
The callus-formation efficiency and the regeneration potential of reciprocal F 1 were high. (biomedcentral.com)
Efficient callus formation and the high plant regeneration potential of NK-219mm-O were inherited and expressed in the F 1 . (biomedcentral.com)

b) After callus formation from induced embryo genic cells, as in carrot. (exama2z.in)
Efficient callus formation and plant regeneration are heritable characters in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. (biomedcentral.com)
F 1 s with a NK-219mm-O background generally formed callus efficiently compared to the others, indicating that efficient callus formation is heritable. (biomedcentral.com)

In-Plant tissue culture technique a whole plant or new plant can be generated from plant cells without cell walls (protoplasts), Single cells, stems, or roots, pieces of leaves by providing the required nutrients and plant hormones. (microbiologynote.com)

Application of genetic engineering in improving many maize genotypes is, however, limited by lack of suitable regeneration systems that result in normal and fertile plants from the in vitro grown transformed cells. (scialert.net)

Embryo culture is useful in the multiplication of such plants e.g., makapuno nut. (cbsetuts.com)

Transgenic plants play pivotal roles in molecular genetic analysis and crop biotechnology. (biomedcentral.com)
To obtain transgenic plants, Agrobacterium -mediated transformation techniques have been devised for many crops [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
transgenic plants can be produced with the availability of standardised tissue culture technique 8. (pdfcoffee.com)

However, genetic transformation of sugarcane is a very laborious process, which relies heavily on intensive and sophisticated tissue culture and plant generation procedures that must be optimized for each new genotype to be transformed. (frontiersin.org)
The sugar beet line 'NK-219mm-O', developed by the Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center (HARC), Japan, is an exceptional genotype that forms callus and regenerates plants very efficiently. (biomedcentral.com)

The latter can now be treated with certain plant growth regulators (PGR) and so-called elicitors in order to produce secondary metabolites. (brainstorming.com)
these manmade compounds are called plant growth regulators (PGRs). (wikipedia.org)

0.05) higher number of shoots per regenerated embryogenic callus. (scialert.net)
Five phenotypes were observed, of which two phenotypes regenerated shoots or somatic embryo-like structures. (biomedcentral.com)

P. B. Ingle, S. S. Rokade, R.V.Raut (2023) Review on double haploid in rice plant (Oryza sativa L.). NewBioWorld A Journal of Alumni Association of Biotechnology,5(1):1-4. (newbioworld.org)
Cryopreservation Plant Tissue Culture By KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc) Department of Biotechnology Govt. (slideshare.net)

Much of the early work on plant hormones involved studying plants that were genetically deficient in one or involved the use of tissue-cultured plants grown in vitro that were subjected to differing ratios of hormones, and the resultant growth compared. (wikipedia.org)
An the green manures upto 45 days of growth produced shoot dry biomass and shoot nitrogen contents similar to plants grown for upto 60 days. (pakbs.org)

This, together with its vegetative propagation, which allows for stable transfer and multiplication of transgenes, make sugarcane a good candidate for crop improvement through genetic engineering. (frontiersin.org)
Most varieties of crop plants available to agriculture today have been obtained as a result of years of breeding activities focussed on the selection of higher yielding plants adapted to a particular environment. (allindianpatents.com)
The artificial provision of bioavailable oxygen might be effective in rescuing the germplasm in aged seeds in plant breeding and in crop production. (researchgate.net)
Dehydration sensitive) seeds that are not storable by any other means, or preservation of specific cultivars of vegetatively propagated crop plants like banana or potato, or for unique ornamental genotypes. (slideshare.net)

16. Doubled haploid plants can be obtained through anther and ovule culture 17. (pdfcoffee.com)

Melkassa-6Q, [CML387/CML176]-B-B-2-3-2-B [QPM] and Melkassa-2 were selected for use in genetic transformation. (scialert.net)
Genetic transformation has the potential to improve economically important properties in sugarcane as well as diversify sugarcane beyond traditional applications, such as sucrose production. (frontiersin.org)
Since the early 1990's, different genetic transformation systems have been successfully developed in sugarcane, including electroporation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and biobalistics. (frontiersin.org)
The objective of this review is to summarize current techniques and state of the art in sugarcane transformation and provide information on existing and future sugarcane improvement by genetic engineering. (frontiersin.org)
Genetic transformation specifically refers to the techniques that are employed to obtain organisms that have been modified genetically, called the GMOs (genetically modified organisms). (biomedcentral.com)

Gamborg developed this medium for cell suspension and callus cultures. (microbiologynote.com)

of callus tissue to a 250 ml of Erlenmeyer flask containing 20-25 ml of liquid medium of the same composition as used for callus growth (without agar). (exama2z.in)
The callus culture is maintained on an agar medium. (cbsetuts.com)
Liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar are used to facilitate the tissue culture technique. (microbiologynote.com)

In this study, an efficient in vitro method was established for indirect somatic embryogenesis of tuberose from pedicel-derived calluses on MS medium. (ac.ir)

2016) also suggested that H2O2 molecules play dual roles in plant physiological and developmental processes. (researchgate.net)

Another concern was whether these characters could coexist with an annual habitat that makes it possible to breed short life-cycle sugar beet suitable for molecular genetic analysis. (biomedcentral.com)

Higher frequencies of primary and embryogenic callus and regeneration efficiency were obtained from the use of 1 mg L -1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid indicating this as optimal level for regenerating these genotypes. (scialert.net)

Except [CML312/CML206]-B-3-2-1-1-1 fertile plants were regenerated from all genotypes and set seeds which were viable to germinate and produce phenotypically normal plants. (scialert.net)
Some rare plants reproduce through seeds with great difficulty. (cbsetuts.com)
Generally, the plants that do not produce seeds or do not respond well to traditional vegetative propagation are multiplied through this method. (oeno-one.eu)
Investigation of anti-inflammatory effect of the alcoholic extracts of N. sativa seeds and its callus on mix glial cells of rat with regard to their thymoquinone (TQ) content found decrease in the TQ content of the callus was accompanied with an increase in its phenolic content and antioxidant ability. (typeset.io)

The results indicate that the application of RAPD technique in the taxonomic study has gained some resolution which could not be obtained by morphological analysis and has provided available data for developing longan production and for breeding new longan cultivars. (jipb.net)
Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) is generally recalcitrant for dedifferentiation and plant regeneration, although cultivars and breeding lines show different responses to in vitro culture. (biomedcentral.com)

Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and reproductive development. (wikipedia.org)
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 104: 125 - 130. (forda-mof.org)
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 48: 23 - 29. (forda-mof.org)
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 49: 219 - 222. (forda-mof.org)
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 68: 241- 246. (forda-mof.org)
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 53: 13 - 18. (forda-mof.org)
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 73: 131 - 135. (forda-mof.org)
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 67: 85 - 88. (forda-mof.org)
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 69: 65 - 70. (forda-mof.org)
A particular organ (Reproductive or somatic) like root or shoot meristems or leaf primordia or floral buds is isolated and cultured. (cbsetuts.com)
There is a need in plant development for greater understanding of the early determinative events in organ developmentin vitro and two interest groups, one practically oriented and the other theoretically, are served by techniques for initiating new organs in vitro. (typeset.io)
There is a need in plant development for greater understanding of the early determinative events in organ developmentin vitro. (typeset.io)
The continued use of these techniques is encouraged, especially the further development of cell layer, meristem, and primordial organ methods in relation to questions of determination. (typeset.io)
INTRODUCTION TO TISSUE CULTURE Definition: Culture of plant cell, tissue and organ on artificial medium under aseptic condition is called tissue culture. (pdfcoffee.com)

Embryogenic callus was induced through three times subcultured in basal medium with 5.0 mg/l 2,4- D. Somatic embryo was induced using 100 mg of embryogenic callus with the addition of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/l kinetin. (forda-mof.org)
From all the three types of calli, roots were differentiated and shoot development occurred in stem and leaf calli only after the omission of first coconut milk and then of auxin from the basal medium. (typeset.io)

Due to the high cell/cytoplasm ratio, polyploid plants have a larger clove site and morphology than diploid plants. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

This technique helps to culture the whole plants and were first created from nutrient solutions. (microbiologynote.com)

Genetic fidelity of organized meristems derived micropropagated plants: a critical reappraisal. (forda-mof.org)

Yield is directly dependent on several factors, for example, the number and size of the organs, plant architecture (for example, the number of branches), seed production and more. (allindianpatents.com)

enhanced the growth of the planted seedlings but also increased herbaceous layer productivity by 24 to 62% (average of six years) and soil carbon stock (by 3.8-fold). (icfre.gov.in)

Definition: Somatic embryo (SE) is an embryo derived from a somatic cell, other than zygote, usually on culture in vitro. (exama2z.in)

Particularly relevant is the capacity of a plant to maintain growth and to continue its developmental programme in unfavourable conditions. (allindianpatents.com)

In recent years, considerable progress has been made regarding the development and isolation of stress tolerant genotypes by using in vitro techniques ( Pérez-Clemente and Gómez-Cadenas, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
The genetic parameters for this characteristic were estimated considering 22 genotypes, two environments and different plant ages. (cropj.com)
For that, the pollen viability of the genotypes was evaluated for three years (2013, 2014 and 2015) in two experimental orchards (installed in randomized block design, with three blocks and two plants per plot) and at two different regions of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. (cropj.com)

Twenty-one-day-old calli were subcultured, and the 2nd-generation passage was subjected to a culture medium with BAP, TDZ, and different concentrations of colchicine. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
The optimal medium for rooting was 1/2MS without any hormone, and the regenerated plants with 100% rooting rate were obtained. (chinbullbotany.com)
Example: Some examples of tissue culture media are the root culture medium of White and the callus culture medium of Gautheret. (microbiologynote.com)
Embryogenesis could be induced within a short period in differentiated roots of Nigella sativa on solid Murashige and Skoog's medium containing casein hydrolysate and IAA. (typeset.io)

Plant research for robust phenotypes that show stability in growth performance is crucial, but also the most critical and most expensive step in breeding. (frontiersin.org)
Examining, for example, flower phenotypes in transgenic sugar beet takes a long time due to the vernalization requirement, which is a rate limiting step for the molecular genetic analysis of sugar beets. (biomedcentral.com)

It can also be used to produce primary and secondary metabolites from isolated cell lines or callus, an amorphous cell mass in some way similar to a tumor. (brainstorming.com)
Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Plant cells produce hormones that affect even different regions of the cell producing the hormone. (wikipedia.org)
Handbook of Plant Cell Culture (1). (forda-mof.org)
Somatic Cell Genetic of Woody Plant. (forda-mof.org)
In vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 36: 319 - 330. (forda-mof.org)
This variability in response, known as in vitro recalcitrance, could be described as varying capacity for plant cells to adapt to new environmental conditions, i.e., the capacity to develop and express new cell programs. (frontiersin.org)
3. After 4 weeks of callus growth, cell suspen-sion culture is to be initiated by transferring 0.2 gm. (exama2z.in)
One promising technique involves the use of cell layers as inocula. (typeset.io)

The plant growth hormones are included which help in the development of shoot. (microbiologynote.com)

As a consequence, they often lack sufficient genetic variability to adapt to other environments whilst maintaining a high yield. (allindianpatents.com)

Cyclopeptides from Three Arctic Caryophyllaceae Plants, Chemotaxonomy and Distribution Significance of Caryophyllaceae Cyclopeptides [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

Plant hormones affect gene expression and transcription levels, cellular division, and growth. (wikipedia.org)
More specifically, the present invention concerns altering tolerance in plants to various environmental stresses and to increasing seed yield by modifying plant haemoglobin gene expression and/or by modifying plant haemoglobin protein levels. (allindianpatents.com)

Plant tissue culture (PTC) is a biotechnological technique that allows for the mass propagation, cloning, and genetic modification of plants. (brainstorming.com)
9- Tree improvement through tissue culture & genetic engineering. (icfre.gov.in)
The application of in vitro propagation techniques may offer the possibility of producing large number of uniform plants for breeding programs and further field culture. (ejbiotechnology.info)
Capability of somatic plant cells of a culture to produce embryoids is known as embryogenic potential. (exama2z.in)
Embryoid is a small, well-organised struc-ture comparable to the sexual embryo, which is produced in tissue culture of dividing embryo genic potential somatic cells. (exama2z.in)
The plant material Daucus carota repre-sents the classical example of somatic embryo- genesis in culture. (exama2z.in)
Carot culture - somatic embryo - 3%water is removed. (slideshare.net)
The tissue culture technique was first practiced by Haberlandt (1902). (cbsetuts.com)
The details of the plant tissue culture technique and its utilization are emphasized here as follows. (cbsetuts.com)
Five sugar beet lines including NK-219mm-O were crossed with each other and subjected to in vitro culture to form callus. (biomedcentral.com)
Before learning about plant tissue culture, first you have to learn about tissue culture and its importance. (microbiologynote.com)
Many plant cells possess the capability to reconstruct a whole plant (totipotency), this is the main fact on which the Plant tissue culture technique relies. (microbiologynote.com)
Asexual reproduction/propagation (mitosis) is the basis for the tissue culture derived plants. (pdfcoffee.com)
The tissue culture technique is also called as invitro techniques because of the involvement of laboratory in the culture of plant. (pdfcoffee.com)
Plants produced through tissue culture have uniform flowering and maturity 14. (pdfcoffee.com)

Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
Early in the study of plant hormones, "phytohormone" was the commonly used term, but its use is less widely applied now. (wikipedia.org)
Plants lack glands to produce and store hormones, because, unlike animals-which have two circulatory systems (lymphatic and cardiovascular) powered by a heart that moves fluids around the body-plants use more passive means to move chemicals around their bodies. (wikipedia.org)
Hormones are transported within the plant by utilizing four types of movements. (wikipedia.org)
Not all plant cells respond to hormones, but those cells that do are programmed to respond at specific points in their growth cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Plants need hormones at very specific times during plant growth and at specific locations. (wikipedia.org)
Plants can also break down hormones chemically, effectively destroying them. (wikipedia.org)
Plant hormones frequently regulate the concentrations of other plant hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Plants also move hormones around the plant diluting their concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
The concentration of hormones required for plant responses are very low (10−6 to 10−5 mol/L). Because of these low concentrations, it has been very difficult to study plant hormones, and only since the late 1970s have scientists been able to start piecing together their effects and relationships to plant physiology. (wikipedia.org)
the determination and observation of plant hormones and their identification was spread out over the next 70 years. (wikipedia.org)
Synergism in plant hormones refers to the how of two or more hormones result in an effect that is more than the individual effects. (wikipedia.org)
Different Plant growth hormones include initiating the development of roots. (microbiologynote.com)

Population Genetic Structure of a Dominant Desert Tree, Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae), in the Southeast Gurbantunggut Desert Detected by RAPD and ISSR Markers [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

The present invention concerns a method for altering growth characteristics of plants, in particular a method for altering stress tolerance and yield in plants. (allindianpatents.com)

High-efficiency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. (manipal.edu)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Induction13

Embryos17

Organogenesis4

Explant10

Micropropagation5

Explants8

Embryogenic callus formation1

Differentiation2

Genes10

Plantlets2

Tissues9

Species15

Protoplast Fusion1

Variation6

Regeneration potential5

Formation3

Protoplasts1

Vitro-grown1

Embryo Culture1

Transgenic plants3

Genotype2

Growth regulators2

Shoots2

Biotechnology2

Grown2

Crop4

Ovule Culture1

Transformation5

Cultures1

Agar3

Indirect1

Roles1

Suitable1

Frequencies1

Seeds4

Cultivars2

Organ14

Basal medium2

Morphology1

Nutrient1

Meristems1

Organs1

Seedlings1

Definition1

Developmental1

Genotypes3

Medium4

Phenotypes2

Cell9

Shoot1

Sufficient1

Significance1

Gene2

Culture15

Hormones13

RAPD1

Stress tolerance1

Efficiency1