• One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for anti body gen erators) and are defined as substances that bind to specific immune receptors and elicit an immune response. (wikidoc.org)
  • Clonal Deletion theory , proposed by Burnet , according to which self-reactive lymphoid cells are destroyed during the development of the immune system in an individual. (wikidoc.org)
  • [7] Activated B cells differentiate into either antibody generating factories called plasma cells that secrete soluble antibody, or into memory cells that survive in the body for years afterwards to allow the immune system to remember an antigen and respond faster upon future exposures. (wikidoc.org)
  • Idiotype Network theory , proposed by Jerne , wherein a network of antibodies capable of neutralizing self-reactive antibodies exists naturally within the body. (wikidoc.org)
  • each antibody has two large heavy chains H and two small light chains L . Antibodies are produced by a kind of white blood cell called a B cell . (wikidoc.org)
  • These epitopes bind with their antibody in a highly specific interaction, called induced fit , that allows antibodies to identify and bind only their unique antigen in the midst of the millions of different molecules that make up an organism . (wikidoc.org)
  • Antibodies occur in two forms: a soluble form secreted into the blood and tissue fluids, and a membrane-bound form attached to the surface of a B cell that is called the B cell receptor (BCR). (wikidoc.org)
  • [2] [5] Antibody genes also re-organize in a process called class switching that changes the base of the heavy chain to another, creating a different isotype of the antibody that retains the antigen specific variable region. (wikidoc.org)
  • The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen . (wikipedia.org)
  • The unique part of the antigen recognized by an antibody is called an epitope . (wikidoc.org)
  • Clonal Anergy theory , proposed by Nossal , in which self-reactive T- or B-cells become inactivated in the normal individual and cannot amplify the immune response. (wikidoc.org)
  • There are several types of tolerance including: clonal deletion, anergy, suppression, and immunological ignorance (lack of sufficient antigen to achieve levels of receptor binding required for signaling). (umn.edu)
  • I thought I'd say a few words about the historic setting of the revolution of immunological thinking of the mid 1950s for which "clonal selection" is the slogan. (nih.gov)
  • As new mechanisms of immune privilege continue to be revealed, the relevance of old theories comes into question. (umn.edu)
  • This immune response against self is known as an autoimmune response, and any disease that arises as a result is called an autoimmune disease. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The term "complement" was introduced by Paul Ehrlich in the late 1890s, as part of his larger theory of the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
  • According to this theory, the immune system consists of cells which have specific receptors on their surface to recognize antigens. (wikidoc.org)
  • The potential for self-reactivity is balanced by compensatory/regulatory mechanisms, collectively called tolerance. (umn.edu)
  • And may I venture it is still contro- versial whether cell ablation (the simplest model I could think of) or ANERGY, or both, and by what mechanisms are instrumental in autotolerance. (nih.gov)
  • A beta-gal-specific CD4 T cell receptor transgenic mouse has been made to provide a clonal population of naive T cells with specificity for this antigen. (umn.edu)
  • These receptors, which we now call "antibodies", were called by Ehrlich "amboceptors" to emphasize their bifunctional binding capacity: they recognize and bind to a specific antigen, but they also recognize and bind to the heat-labile antimicrobial component of fresh serum. (wikidoc.org)