Barr and his colleagues also devised the buccal smear test, whereby cells from the patient's mouth are taken and examined for chromosomal defects. (science.ca)
Buccal smear (cells from oral mucosa) determines genetic sex (a male sex chromatin pattern). (doctorlib.info)
A Study of Sex Cheromatin Form Buccal Smear. (ijmhr.org)
As collection of buccal cells require a simple non-invasive cytological smear, MN assay has played a vital role in reviving the application of cytology in the field of diagnostics and research. (savedelicious.com)
Micronucleus assay2
This investigation integrates the well-established micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells, urinary 8-OHdG, salivary telomere length and salivary C-reactive protein to provide a comprehensive assessment of inflammation, cytotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage in a cohort of 11-15 year olds. (westminster.ac.uk)
An attempt has been made to review all the studies carried till date, utilizing micronucleus assay of buccal cells as a novel marker of genotoxicity in head and neck region. (savedelicious.com)
Histone modifications2
These include chemical modifications of DNA bases, post-translational histone modifications and chromatin structure, and their configuration can be affected by a variety of environmental exposures. (frontiersin.org)
CHD DMRs were analyzed for enrichment in CpG and genic contexts, chromatin states, and histone modifications by genomic coordinates and for gene ontology enrichment by gene mapping. (bvsalud.org)
Determination3
Mikniene, Z. and Ivanauskaite, R. (2018) 'Sex Chromatin in Peripheral Blood Neutrophils and Sex Determination', Scientific Research Publishing: Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, 2018(7), 55-62. (sinergis.org)
The present study included 60 individuals ranging from 20-50 age group of both the sexes to observe the morphology of sex chromatin in neutrophil by using Leishman's and Field stain for the gender determination and comparison between the 2 staining procedure, using research microscope. (ijmhr.org)
The role of MSY genes in important cellular processes such as transcription regulation, translation, and protein stability in males is vital not only in sex determination but also in sex-dependent organ development [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosome5
The increased gene dosage of three X/Y chromosome pseudoautosomal region (PAR1) SHOX genes has been postulated as a cause of the increased stature seen in all three sex chromosome trisomies: 47,XXX, 47,XXY, and 47,XYY. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to the other common sex chromosome aneuploidies-47,XXX and 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)-the average of the IQ scores of 47,XYY boys identified by newborn screening programs was not reduced compared to the general population. (wikipedia.org)
Y chromosome harbors male‑specific genes, which either solely or in cooperation with their X-counterpart, and independent or in conjunction with sex hormones have a considerable impact on basic physiology and disease mechanisms in most or all tissues development. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, loss of Y chromosome and/or aberrant expression of Y chromosome genes cause sex differences in disease mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
They described two patients with PNH with an acquired rearrangement of chromosome 12 affecting the HMGA2 gene, which encodes a chromatin remodeling protein, in the PIGA mutant cells [ 12 ]. (annexpublishers.co)
Gene2
DMRs in all comparisons were enriched for gene exons, CpG islands, and bivalent chromatin and mapped to genes enriched for terms related to cardiac and immune functions. (bvsalud.org)
The association was found to be sex-specific in both gene regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes2
X-degenerate sequences are single copy and broadly expressed genes which were evolved from ancestral autosomes to generate sex chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Loss-of-function mutations of genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex are found in approximately 20% of all human cancers. (justia.com)
DMRs3
We analyzed global CpG methylation and identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in DS-CHD versus DS non-CHD comparisons (both sex-combined and sex-stratified) corrected for sex, age of blood collection, and cell-type proportions. (bvsalud.org)
At a regional level, we identified 58, 341, and 3938 CHD-associated DMRs in the Sex Combined, Females Only, and Males Only groups, respectively, and used machine learning algorithms to select 19 Males Only loci that could distinguish CHD from non-CHD. (bvsalud.org)
Using meta-analyzed results, we identified 11 DMRs and 11 DVRs in PBMC samples, and 16 DMRs and 19 DVRs in PBMC and buccal cell samples. (biomedcentral.com)
Methylation2
CONCLUSIONS: A sex-specific signature of DNA methylation was detected in NDBS of DS-CHD compared to DS non-CHD individuals. (bvsalud.org)
We assessed the sex-specific association between residential PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy and the methylation level of CpG loci mapping to the IGF2 / H19 cluster, and identified prenatal vulnerability by investigating susceptible time windows of exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Hormones2
Although sex hormones play a key role in sex differences in susceptibility, severity, outcomes, and response to therapy of different diseases, sex chromosomes are also increasingly recognized as an important factor. (biomedcentral.com)
2009). These effects include changes in the concentration and ratios of sex steroid hormones (Landry et al. (researchgate.net)
Barr2
In 1949, Barr discovered sex chromatin, a substance made of DNA and protein, a discovery which made it possible to determine the cellular sex of an individual. (science.ca)
The term sex chromatin comprises of two superficially dissimilar structures known as Barr body in epithelial cells, other tissue cells and as Drumstick appearance in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. (ijmhr.org)
Cytological1
Barr's main interest was cytological research as it applies to sex anomalies and mental retardation. (science.ca)
Cohort1
Linear models were used to identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and differentially variable positions (DVPs) adjusting for age, smoking, cell type, and sex in the Chile cohort. (biomedcentral.com)
Females1
Sex chromatin is a chromatin mass of 1 micron size usually seen at the periphery of nucleus in females. (ijmhr.org)
Transcription1
Such mutations are thought to promote tumorigenesis by disturbing transcriptional homeostasis due to impairment of chromatin remodeling for transcription, DNA damage repair, DNA replication and chromatin segregation. (justia.com)
Cells3
It has been shown that this method is compatible with epigenetic age estimation models for blood, buccal cells, and bone. (bvsalud.org)
In the earlier times, the MN assay used to be carried out on lymphocytes, since 1990s this technique has evolved magnificently to be carried out on buccal cells. (savedelicious.com)
In the CBMN assay, once-divided cells are identified by their BN appearance after blocking cytokinesis with cytochalasin-B (Cyt-B). 13 In the last three decades, ever since the advent of MN assay on exfoliated cells, the buccal cells have completely replaced the usage of lymphocytes for the obvious reason of non-invasive collection of cells and simpler method for analyzing the MNi. (savedelicious.com)
Leukocytes1
Briggs D.K. The individuality of nuclear chromatin with particular reference to polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes. (ijmhr.org)
Mass2
Analyses altered by sex, diabetes length of time, body mass index, usage of angiotensin changing enzyme angiotensin or inhibitors receptor blocker, HbA1c, urinary albumin excretion, and creatinine at the proper period of the urine collection. (tam-receptor.com)
Micronucleus ("MN") is defined as microscopically visible, round or oval cytoplasmic chromatin mass next to the nucleus. (savedelicious.com)
Cell-type1
We performed EWAS meta-analysis across results from the two data sets, with adjustment for sex and surrogate variables that reflect major sources of biological variation and technical confounding such as cell type, batch, and ancestry. (springer.com)
Complex2
The switch/sucrose nonfermenting (SWI/SNF) complex is an adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex associated with the regulation of DNA accessibility. (biomedcentral.com)
The switch/sucrose nonfermenting (SWI/SNF) complex, first purified from yeast, is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex that regulates DNA accessibility by mobilizing nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Time1
Walter Flemming was at that time the one to introduce the designations "chromatin" and "mitosis" ( Flemming, 1879 ). (frontiersin.org)
Mucosa2
The wooden spatula was scraped against the buccal mucosa from the epithelial layer and was smeared in two glass slides from each individual with a single Stoke. (jrmds.in)
METHODS: Soft tissue samples were obtained from the main tumor, tumor periphery and opposite buccal mucosa of 50 oral cancer patients, whereas normal mucosa was taken from 50 volunteers undergoing elective tooth removal. (bvsalud.org)
Swab1
Biosamples (fecal-, urine-, saliva-, blood samples, and buccal swab) will be collected and used for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the oral and gut microbiome, measurements of serum factors, quantification of urine metabolites and host genotype, respectively. (plos.org)
Competitions1
In attempting to get ahead of the curve with transgender issues, with the stated aim of protecting the sporting integrity (and therefore the reputational and commercial value) of competitions by minimising sex-related advantages, the IOC has a long history of insensitive and often unproductive testing protocols for athletes. (asser.nl)
Many experts disliked the Y chromatin test due to the likelihood of false positive, of which some athletes inevitably fell victim, including Wengler. (uillinois.edu)
Samples1
Third, the samples derived from either buccal mucous membranes or hair roots were screened for X chromosomes and Y chromosomes. (uillinois.edu)
Control2
First, any competitor registered as "being female" was required to take a sex control examination prior to participation. (uillinois.edu)
HMGA1 could interact with proteins involved in cellular senescence and cell cycle control (TP53, RB1, RPS6KB1, and CDK1), transcription regulation (EP400 and HMGA2), chromatin assembly and remodeling (LMNB1), and cholesterol and isoprene biosynthesis (HMGCR and INSIG1). (bvsalud.org)
Times1
The issue of gender- or sex-verification gained global attention in recent times after South African runner Caster Semenya was ordered to undergo tests after winning the 800m world title in 2009. (asser.nl)
Participate1
A prominent Spanish geneticist refused to participate in sex testing during the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. (uillinois.edu)
Medical1
By then, nearly all major medical societies in the United States had passed resolutions that called for the end to sex testing, although the Atlanta Committee for the 1996 Olympic Games agreed to the IOC contract that stipulated a requirement for on-site screening and the issuing of gender-verification cards. (uillinois.edu)