Brain StemNeuronsStapediusAuditory PathwaysPatch-Clamp TechniquesRats, Sprague-DawleyAction PotentialsNeurons, AfferentMotor NeuronsEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemBrain Stem NeoplasmsPonsMedulla OblongataDopaminergic NeuronsSpinal CordElectrophysiologySynaptic TransmissionElectric StimulationGABAergic NeuronsSynapsesAxonsBrainHippocampusAnimals, NewbornCerebral CortexSensory Receptor CellsNeural Inhibitiongamma-Aminobutyric AcidDendritesGanglia, SpinalNerve Tissue ProteinsCells, CulturedMesencephalonCholinergic NeuronsAfferent PathwaysNeurons, EfferentMembrane PotentialsImmunohistochemistryModels, NeurologicalOlfactory Receptor NeuronsTrigeminal NucleiReticular FormationExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsCatsVestibular NucleiRespiratory CenterAcoustic StimulationCerebellumCochlear NucleusRats, WistarMotor Neuron DiseaseNeuropeptidesTime FactorsInterneuronsGlutamic AcidPyramidal CellsDopamineSerotonergic NeuronsThalamusNerve NetRaphe NucleiOlivary NucleusBrain Stem InfarctionsTrigeminal NerveNeuronal PlasticityReaction TimeTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseSerotoninProsencephalonEvoked PotentialsMice, TransgenicMice, Inbred C57BLTetrodotoxinCell CountPhysical StimulationVagus NerveLocus CoeruleusStilbamidinesCholine O-AcetyltransferaseAdrenergic NeuronsNitrergic NeuronsBehavior, AnimalPeriodicityNociceptorsPresynaptic TerminalsNeurogliaNerve DegenerationCranial Nerves