Total Disc ReplacementIntervertebral DiscProstheses and ImplantsProsthesis ImplantationLumbar VertebraeDiskectomyArthroplasty, ReplacementIntervertebral Disc DegenerationIntervertebral Disc DisplacementSpinal FusionJoint ProsthesisRange of Motion, ArticularCervical VertebraeBone SubstitutesArthroplastySpondylosisWeight-BearingProsthesis DesignBone and BonesLow Back PainOsseointegrationBiomechanical PhenomenaTitaniumBone TransplantationDental ImplantsCoated Materials, BiocompatibleLongitudinal LigamentsMaterials TestingTrehaloseTreatment OutcomeSacrumZygapophyseal JointFailed Back Surgery SyndromeRadiculopathyDrug ImplantsBone RemodelingOsteoblastsCompressive StrengthBone DensityReoperation