• The existence of catch bonds was debated for many years until strong evidence of their existence was found in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kawai K, Urano M, Ebisu S. Effect of surface roughness of porcelain on adhesion of bacteria and their synthesizing glucans. (unicamp.br)
  • Fluid flow is thought to prevent bacterial adhesion, but some bacteria use adhesins with catch bond properties to enhance adhesion under high shear forces. (biorxiv.org)
  • Novel features like inter- and intra-molecular isopeptide bonds that facilitate the stability of the pilins, and intra-molecular donor strand complementation to stabilize the adhesin-target interactions are specific to Gram-positive bacteria. (altmetric.com)
  • Our study is used to observe the behavior of bacteria in contact with tooth surfaces and titanium, in order to understand the adhesion mechanism. (journalcra.com)
  • The results showed the importance of surface characteristics and more precisely the influence of surface roughness on the adhesion of bacteria. (journalcra.com)
  • Organic Component Organic constituents : polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, and lipid material Polysaccharides produced by bacteria-Dextran: predominant form Albumin: originating from crevicular fluid Lipid material: debris from the membranes of disrupted bacterial and host cells and possibly food debris. (medicpresents.com)
  • A change in surface morphology results in a changed adhesion and behavior of cells and bacteria. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Bacteria are known to utilize several different proteases involved in the assembly and disassembly of bacterial cell walls during bacterial growth and cell division. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Anyhow, the acidification of aliments by using a proper mixture permits to modulate positively the bacterial microflora of the intestine by reducing the pathogenic bacteria. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • The results reported in this work suggest that "catch bond effect" was negligible over the range of pulling rates tested, and both FimA-FimA and FimH-mannose interactions under given pH and external shear force conditions modify the ability of the bacteria to efficiently colonize host surfaces. (pasteur.fr)
  • While developing molecular model to study the critical tension required to detach a membrane bound to a surface through adhesion molecules, it was found that it is theoretically possible for bond dissociation to be increased by force, decreased by force, and independent of force. (wikipedia.org)
  • Self-assembled layers of the active ingredient attaches to all available bonding sites, leaving a 'forest' of molecules that extend from the surfaces and intertwine throughout all voids, preventing adhesion of microbes at interface, and causing a physical disruption of membrane function which causes bacterial cell death. (everestdefense.com)
  • The flagellin filament (flagella) is composed of thousands of individual flagellin proteins polymerized into 11 protofilaments, linked by non-covalent bonds, to form whip-like helical appendages hundreds of nanometers long and anchored at one end to a membrane-bound motor assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • WPM 300 is a two component, high build, water based epoxy polyamide membrane/barrier coating with excellent resistant to hydrostatic pressure and good bond to damp surfaces. (ardexendura.com)
  • We report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several S. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. (nature.com)
  • Unlike antibacterials that aim to inhibit cell growth, antivirulence therapies are based on the inhibition of bacterial virulence. (nature.com)
  • Finally, bacterial virulence was unimpaired in epithelial adherence and invasion, and the cysteine substitutions also appeared to increase bacterial resistance to oxidizing and reducing conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The importance of bacterial proteases in bacterial viability and virulence makes them suitable targets for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of four self-etching adhesive systems on intact and ground enamel, and also to evaluate the morphology of the enamel surface after etching. (bvsalud.org)
  • Specifically, chitosan (CS@DA) modified 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DA, rich in catechol moiety) was anchored on molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2) to construct a biomimetic structure with copper hydroxide and SM substrate (SM-MoS2/CS@DA-Cu). Schiff base, ionic, and hydrogen bonding strengthened the cohesion of the adhesive. (bvsalud.org)
  • Compared to SM adhesive (0.57â ¯MPa and 148â ¯mJ), the wet shear strength and adhesion work of the SM-MoS2/CS@DA-Cu were 1.68â ¯MPa and 867â ¯mJ, with 194.7â ¯% and 485.8â ¯% increases, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, ensuring the bonding performance of soybean protein adhesive while simultaneously developing thermally conductive adhesive and its corresponding wood composites is challenging. (bvsalud.org)
  • Indirect restorations can be conventionally cemented or may require adhesive bonding to the tooth depending upon the material properties and clinical scenario. (ada.org)
  • Koliniotou-Koumpia E, Kouros P, Koumpia E, Helvatzoglou- Antoniades M. Shear bond strength of a "solvent-free" adhesive versus contemporary adhesive systems. (thejcdp.com)
  • Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of proteolytic inhibitors on the bond strength of a universal adhesive system (etch-and-rinse mode) applied to artificial carious and eroded dentin. (niom.no)
  • T he various adhesive restorative materials along with their properties, modes of adhesion and much more are covered in this section. (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • Acetone based dentin bonding agents are water-free agents and etched dentin must be re-wetted before applying the adhesive. (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • Sivasankar and his research team have found that the mechanism behind the puzzling phenomenon is due to long-lived, force-induced hydrogen bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The calcium ions keep the cadherins rigid, while pulling brings the proteins closer together, allowing for hydrogen bonds to form. (wikipedia.org)
  • The adhesion phenomenon involves nonspecific factors of different types (ionic, dipolar, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding) between the macromolecules on the surface of the microorganisms and those of the support and other specific factors. (journalcra.com)
  • The above catch bonds are formed between adhesion receptors and ligands, and among structural molecules and motor proteins, which bear force or generate force in their physiological function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cadherins are a group of transmembrane proteins that serve as the major adhesion molecules located within adherens junctions. (embl.de)
  • Cadherins form protein complexes with cytoplasmic proteins (catenins) that convert the specific, homophilic-binding capacity of the extracellular domain into stable cell adhesion. (embl.de)
  • The non-specific adsorption of blood proteins on nanorobot surfaces could lead to clinical difficulties such as thrombosis and unwanted protein-mediated recognition interactions such as cell-nanorobot and nanorobot-nanorobot adhesion (aggregation). (nanomedicine.com)
  • Cell adhesion, thrombogenicity, foreign body response and other reactions to implanted materials are related to the amount of adsorbed proteins, hence as an implanted object shrinks to smaller sizes (i.e., to micron-scale) the biological signal to local cell populations can increase enormously because the total amount of protein adsorbed on the implant mass is much greater. (nanomedicine.com)
  • One early strategy to try to accomplish this in implants was to coat the artificial surface with an adsorbed protein, usually bovine serum albumin (BSA) or high-density lipoproteins, to serve as cell adhesion inhibiting proteins that would resist the adsorption of other proteins. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Various phage-encoded autolysins that act as peptidoglycan hydrolases have been seen to contain conserved amidase motifs of bacterial amidases, eukaryotic glutathionylspermidine amidase, NLP-/P60 family proteins, and glutamyl L-diamino endopeptidases. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Because of its role in cell wall regulation, autolysin may affect the localization of cell wall anchoring proteins that are important for adhesion during biofilm development. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Catch bonds were suspected for many years to play a role in the rolling of leukocytes, being strong enough to roll in presence of high forces caused by high shear stresses, while avoiding getting stuck in capillaries where the fluid flow, and therefore shear stress, is low. (wikipedia.org)
  • Slip bonds were supported by flow chamber experiments where forces are applied on molecular bonds linking cells to chamber floor under shear flow. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some experiments failed to produce shear stress that is now known to be critical to lengthen the lifetimes of catch bonds, while other experiments conducted under flow conditions too weak or too strong for optimal shear-induced strengthening of these bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, many studies on bacterial adhesion either neglect the influence of shear force or use shear forces that are not typically found in natural systems. (biorxiv.org)
  • Conversely, we show that higher shear forces counterintuitively enhance adhesion by counteracting type IV pilus retraction-dependent cell tilting. (biorxiv.org)
  • A circular (4mm) bonding area was demarcated and resin rods (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA) were built (5mm) for the shear test, followed by failure mode analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Shear bond strength was not influenced by the type of substrate (intact or ground enamel), and no correlation was observed between the Shear bond strength values and the etching pattern of the self-etching adhesives studied. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ubbink, J & Schär-Zammaretti, P 2007, ' Colloidal properties and specific interactions of bacterial surfaces ', Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science , vol. 12, no. 4-5, pp. 263-270. (umn.edu)
  • The elucidation of the mechanisms at the molecular level of bacterial adhesion to solid surfaces has not been fully accomplished. (journalcra.com)
  • Evaluate quantitatively the adhesion and proliferation potential of these germs in contact with tooth surfaces and titanium. (journalcra.com)
  • The results of our work have shown that the three germs used have different behaviors and even adhesion capacity on the two surfaces. (journalcra.com)
  • In contact with the tooth surfaces the three seeds were able to adhere and proliferate, in contrast in contact with the titanium surfaces, an inhibition of this adhesion was observed. (journalcra.com)
  • Once all prerequisites are fulfilled, bonding & contouring begins by cleaning and conditioning surfaces of both existing teeth enamel and those surrounding it using special preparations for better adhesion of composite resin materials that are being placed on them afterward using precise sculpting tools controlled by dentists' hands or specialized machinery depending on situation complexity level and type of restoration needed. (shelbycharterdentist.com)
  • Bonding applies composite resin material to teeth, while contouring involves reshaping the tooth surfaces. (shelbycharterdentist.com)
  • Various hydrophilic adsorbed coatings have been attached to artificial surfaces to make them more protein-resistant, in effect "passivating" them against protein adsorption and greatly reducing or preventing cell adhesion to biomedical implants [ 754 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Previous studies have shown that small beads coated with FN7-10, a four-domain cell adhesion fragment of fibronectin, bind to cell surfaces and translocate rearward. (biologists.com)
  • Excellent adhesion to damp surfaces and freshly laid green concrete. (ardexendura.com)
  • Wide spread industrial use of 85% Orthophosphoric acid for adhesion of paints and resins to metallic surfaces, stimulated Buanocore to attempt Orthophosphoric acid for acid etch technique in dentistry. (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • This study evaluated the surface topography and bacterial adhesion of a hybrid ceramic and a nano ceramic resin composite after different surface finishes. (unicamp.br)
  • Hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic, VITA - EN) and nano ceramic resin composite (Lava Ultimate, 3M/ESPE - LV) blocks of 12 x 14 x 18 mm were cut into 1 mm slices. (unicamp.br)
  • Bonding and contouring are not permanent solutions for cosmetic dental problems, as the composite materials used may break down or become stained over time. (shelbycharterdentist.com)
  • Bonding and contouring is a form of cosmetic dentistry that uses composite resins to change teeth' shape, size, and color. (shelbycharterdentist.com)
  • To evaluate the micro-tensile repair bond strength between aged and new composite, using silane and adhesives that were cured or left uncured when new composite was placed. (niom.no)
  • 5. Why immediate bond strength of composite resin restoration is important for success of the restoration? (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • To counteract these stresses, a minimum of 17Mpa of bond strength is required to prevent debonding of composite restoration. (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • These make the dentin a highly hydrophilic substrate and possess formidable challenge for hydrophobic resin to bond with dentin. (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • Comparative evaluation of the tensile bond strength of two silicone based denture liners with denture base resins. (docksci.com)
  • Using the adhesion frequency assay, the force-clamp lifetime assay, the thermal fluctuation assay, and the molecular stiffness assays the Zhu lab has applied these 2D assays to the studies of interactions of the T cell receptors, CD4/8 coreceptors, and co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory receptors with their respective ligands. (meduniwien.ac.at)
  • Morphology and bacterial colonization of tooth/ceramic restoration interface after different cement excess removal techniques. (unicamp.br)
  • Commonly used silicone liners can be RTV and heat cured.6 Soft liners have several problems like loss or varying degree of softness, colonization with Candida albicans, staining, porosity, poor tear strength and lack of color stability.7 One of the serious problems is the failure of adhesion between the soft liner and the denture base. (docksci.com)
  • Free radicals can form naturally since some of the body's molecules have weak bonds that spontaneously break and cause the molecule to become a free radical. (positivehealth.com)
  • Unlike permanent dental restorations like crowns or veneers, bonding and contouring usually require no natural tooth structure removal. (shelbycharterdentist.com)
  • De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Peumans M, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Braem M, Van Meerbeek B. A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: methods and results. (thejcdp.com)
  • These finding prompted the discoveries of other important catch bonds in the 2000s, including those between L-selectin and PSGL-1 or endoglycan, FimH and mannose, myosin and actin, platelet glycoprotein Ib and von Willebrand factor, and integrin alpha 5 beta 1 and fibronectin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another reported type of leukocyte adhesion deficiency involves dysfunction in platelet aggregation in addition to a defect in leukocyte adhesion. (medscape.com)
  • Initial platelet adhesion is to long strings of von Willebrand factor (VWF) that have been previously secreted by, and anchored to, stimulated endothelial cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The mechanism behind catch bonds helps to explain the biophysics behind cell-cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biofilm formation relies as much on bacterial adhesion properties than on surface chemistry, and many questions remain regarding biophysics of surface adhesion. (pasteur.fr)
  • Instead, P. aeruginosa couples type IV pilus dynamics and cell geometry to tune adhesion to its mechanical environment, which likely provides a benefit in dynamic host environments. (biorxiv.org)
  • Bacterial ability to form biofilms was verified using a crystal violet colorimetric assay and testing cell viability by real-time quantitative PCR and Plate Count assay. (frontiersin.org)
  • As a graduate student at Columbia University and postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, San Diego he focused on the mathematical modeling of cell locomotion and cell adhesion, respectively. (meduniwien.ac.at)
  • Liu B, Chen W, Evavold BD, Zhu C (2014) Accumulation of dynamic catch bonds between TCR and agonist peptide-MHC triggers T cell signaling. (meduniwien.ac.at)
  • Cadherins are glycoproteins involved in Ca2+-mediated cell-cell adhesion. (embl.de)
  • Solution structure of the epithelial cadherin domain responsible for selective cell adhesion. (embl.de)
  • Bacterial autolysin is an endogenous enzyme that breaks the covalent bonds of its cell wall peptidoglycan. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • During bacterial cell wall conversion, several PGN hydrolases (autolysins) are produced. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • PBP is responsible for crosslinking between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine which forms the architecture of the bacterial cell wall. (randox.com)
  • This reduction in peptidoglycans results in the loss of the integrity of the bacterial cell wall and ultimately culminates in cell damage caused by high internal osmotic pressure. (randox.com)
  • Variants of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have also been reported, including fully expressed but nonfunctional CD18 and an E selectin that is expressed but rapidly cleaved from the cell surface (only present in soluble form). (medscape.com)
  • tein, and neuronal cell adhesion molecule mRNA were also increased in olfactory bulb. (cdc.gov)
  • These materials are designed to be non-fouling, meaning that protein adsorption and subsequent microbial adhesion are minimized. (mdpi.com)
  • The specimens were analyzed regarding surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rq), sterilized and subjected to bacterial adhesion. (unicamp.br)
  • After storage in artificial saliva for 30 days and 60 days at 37 1 8C, all the specimens showed a significant reduction in the tensile bond strength. (docksci.com)
  • The latest focus is on the recently discovered Gram-positive bacterial pili, assembly of which is assisted by yet another specific sortase. (altmetric.com)
  • Our range of PPE Tapes can be used for bonding, protection and sealing protective clothing and accessories such as medical gowns, face shields, and face masks. (ardmel.com)
  • It is suitable for areas such as potable water tanks where a tough, hard wearing protective surface resistant to corrosion, chemical attack and bacterial growth is necessary. (ardexendura.com)
  • One way to prevent infection is by modifying the surface of the devices in such a way that no bacterial adhesion can occur. (mdpi.com)
  • The type of material and surface finish system significantly interfered with surface roughness parameters and bacterial adhesion. (unicamp.br)
  • The research field of bacterial interactions, which is characterized by the apparent dichotomy between colloidal surface properties and specific interactions, has seen significant recent progress along both lines. (umn.edu)
  • In the colloidal approach, the main emphasis has been on the quantification of bacterial interaction forces, including a comparison with physico-chemical theory, the probing of bacterial surface heterogeneity using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a focus on irreversible interactions and bond aging. (umn.edu)
  • In the past decade, structural analysis by X-ray crystallography has enhanced our understanding of the interactions between MSCRAMMs and the host ECM by revealing several novel structural features that dictate surface protein assembly and the mode of their adhesion to host tissue. (altmetric.com)
  • The Vroman effect could be avoided by chemically bonding albumin itself, or a surface constructed to mimic an albumin coating, to the nanodevice exterior, such that no replacement of this camouflage layer would be possible. (nanomedicine.com)
  • 6. Why "wet bonding" concept is accepted over "dry bonding" for bonding composites to dentin surface? (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • Drying of etched enamel and dentin surface before application of bonding agents to acheive dry dentin and enamel surface, was followed as standard protocol. (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • On the other hand, "wet bonding" concept which dictates the dentin surface to be moist before application of dentin bonding agent, preserves the spatial orientation of the collagen fibres, thus providing wide gaps between collagen fibres for increased retention and bond strength of the dentin bonding agent. (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • 7. Why "re-wetting" of dentin surface is acceptable only for acetone based dentin bonding agents? (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • The terminal, alpha-helical, regions are highly conserved between bacterial species and indispensable for filament polymerization as they are involved in the protein-protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This creates a potential for bacterial growth, plaque, food debris and calculus accumulation.13 Therefore, frequent clinical evaluation and periodic replacement of the soft denture liner is essential.7 Serviceability of lining material varies from 6 months to 5 years. (docksci.com)
  • Slip bonds represent the ordinary behavior originally modeled by G. Bell, Dembo's former postdoctoral mentor at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1978. (wikipedia.org)
  • after reaching maximum values, which were ~0.6 and 1.2 seconds for monomeric and dimeric interaction, respectively, the bond lifetime fell rapidly at higher loads, displaying slip bond behavior ("catch-slip" bonds). (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, our results reveal that P. aeruginosa exhibits behavior reminiscent of a catch bond, without having a specific adhesin that is enhanced by force. (biorxiv.org)
  • The terms "slip bond", "catch bond", and "ideal bond" were coined by Dembo to describe these three types of bond behaviors. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) expressed on lymphocytes is known to play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking (adhesion to vascular endothelium), as well as interactions to antigen presenting cells (APC). (medscape.com)
  • On top of that, bonding & contouring enhances the symmetry and balance of someone's bite, which could impact speech patterns if left untreated. (shelbycharterdentist.com)
  • Bacterial infection from medical devices is a major problem and accounts for an increasing number of deaths as well as high medical costs. (mdpi.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] The clinical picture is characterized by marked leukocytosis and localized bacterial infections that are difficult to detect until they have progressed to an extensive level secondary to lack of leukocyte recruitment at the site of infection. (medscape.com)
  • They can also be used to provide a thin yet strong bond for a wide number of PPE manufacturing processes to create a reliable bonding and protection barrier. (ardmel.com)
  • However, the synthesis and hydrolysis of peptidoglycan (PGN) are required for almost all bacterial growth processes. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Mechanical and conformational properties of type 1 fimbriae were evaluated on live bacterial cells by Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS) and Dynamic Force Spectroscopy (DFS) in buffered solutions whose pH varied from 3 to 9. (pasteur.fr)
  • Background: To evaluate and compare tensile bond strength of two silicone based liners with Received 12 July 2014 heat cure and heat cure high impact denture base resin at baseline and after storage in Accepted 18 March 2015 artificial saliva for 30 and 60 days. (docksci.com)
  • The primary function of the dentin bonding agents(DBA) is to form "hybrid layer" with the help of its acidic and resin component. (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • These mild etchants will not damage the exposed collagen fibers as much of the bond strength develops from resin encapsulating these fibers. (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • 4. Why dentin is a challenging substrate for resin bonding? (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • According to the researchers, "Robust cadherin adhesion is essential for maintaining the integrity of tissue such as the skin, blood vessels, cartilage and muscle that are exposed to continuous mechanical assault. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ceramics, however, have a susceptibility to fracture and chipping, but bonded to metal provide durability and strength. (ada.org)
  • Adhesion is a phenomenon of general significance that governs the evolution of microorganisms and their interaction in all the environments in which they occur, that is to say in the whole of the biosphere. (journalcra.com)
  • In the case of catch bonds, the lifetime of the bond actually increases up to a maximum before it decreases like in a normal bond. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catch bonds work in a way that is conceptually similar to that of a Chinese finger trap. (wikipedia.org)
  • While catch bonds are strengthened by an increase in force, the force increase is not necessary for the bond to work. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catch bonds were first proposed in 1988 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society by M. Dembo et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • By comparison, no decisive evidence of catch bonds was found until 2003. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is due to experimental conditions that were unfavorable for detecting catch bonds, as well as the counterintuitive nature of the bonds themselves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Emphasizing their importance and general acceptance, in the three years following their discovery there were at least 24 articles published on catch bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using data from previous experiments, the team used molecular dynamics to discover that two rod-shaped cadherins in an X-dimer formed catch bonds when pulled and in the presence of calcium ions. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings indicate that mechanical ball milling can be employed to strip BN followed by combination with SPI, resulting in a tight bonded interface connection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: The highest mean tensile bond strength (1.028 MPa) and the least i.e. 0.289 MPa was observed with Permaflex silicone liner against heat cure PMMA after storage in artificial saliva at 37 1 8C. (docksci.com)
  • Conclusion: The study rejected the null hypothesis because storage time in artificial saliva affected the bond strength of the resilient liners examined. (docksci.com)
  • Intercellular Matrix Accounts for 20% to 30% of the plaque mass Organic and inorganic materials Derived from saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and bacterial products. (medicpresents.com)
  • Meier R, Hauser-Gerspach I, Lüthy H, Meyer J. Adhesion of oral streptococci to all-ceramics dental restorative materials in vitro. (unicamp.br)
  • Is bonding and contouring a permanent solution for cosmetic dental problems? (shelbycharterdentist.com)
  • Bonding and contouring are two standard procedures for correcting cosmetic dental problems like chips, discoloration, gaps, and other minor issues. (shelbycharterdentist.com)
  • Bonding and contouring are two popular dental procedures people use with cosmetic dentistry problems. (shelbycharterdentist.com)
  • Thus the infections in patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency act similarly as those observed in patients with neutropenia. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, patients with this type of leukocyte adhesion deficiency manifest both severe bacterial infections and bleeding disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Biofilm growth could be detected after 5 days of bacterial incubation, which was much earlier than the 3 weeks that are currently assumed in medical treatment. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • We identified amino acid pairs, with cysteine substitutions, were able to form intermolecular disulfide bonds that stabilized the resulting flagellar filaments in detergent, hydrochloric acid, and high temperatures while retaining its immunostimulatory function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The process begins with preparing the teeth for treatment by lightly etching them with an acid solution to be more receptive to adhesion. (shelbycharterdentist.com)
  • 2. Why the acid component of dentin bonding system has weaker acids than enamel etchant? (onlinedentallearning.in)
  • In response, our laboratory has developed a system that creates polyUb chains through bacterial expression and 'synthetic' building blocks. (ndltd.org)
  • A catch bond is a type of noncovalent bond whose dissociation lifetime increases with tensile force applied to the bond. (wikipedia.org)