• Injury to the inferior phrenic artery after blunt trauma is an extremely rare event, and it may occur under unanticipated conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This case report describes an injury to the left inferior phrenic artery caused by blunt trauma, which was complicated by massive hemothorax, and treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present case, blunt trauma led to left inferior phrenic artery injury associated with massive hemothorax, which was treated with TAE alone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, previous cases of inferior phrenic artery injury after blunt trauma are reviewed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hemothorax is most often caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest. (wikipedia.org)
  • In blunt traumatic cases, hemothorax typically occurs when rib fracture damages the intercostal vessels or the intraparenchymal pulmonary vessel, while in penetrating trauma, hemothorax occurs due to injuries directly affecting blood vessels in the thoracic wall, lung parenchyma, or the heart. (wikipedia.org)
  • Minor chest trauma can cause hemothorax when the blood's ability to clot is diminished as result either of anticoagulant medications or when there are bleeding disorders such as hemophilia. (wikipedia.org)
  • As such, any blunt or penetrating trauma can cause significant disruption to each of these systems that can quickly prove to be life threatening unless rapidly identified and treated. (saem.org)
  • Blunt trauma refers to mechanisms causing increased intrathoracic pressure such as car collisions (most common cause of thoracic trauma), and falls. (saem.org)
  • There is considerable overlap amongst the various traumatic disorders experienced in both penetrating and blunt chest trauma. (saem.org)
  • However, in comparison to penetrating trauma, blunt chest trauma patients may have a more subtle presentation with less obvious physical exam findings. (saem.org)
  • Hemothorax is usually a consequence of blunt or penetrating trauma. (medscape.com)
  • In cases of hemothorax unrelated to trauma, a careful investigation for the underlying source must be performed while treatment is provided. (medscape.com)
  • Part of the Post-mortem Computed Tomography (PMCT) webinar series, this webinar will introduce participants to the use of PMCT in the diagnosis of blunt force trauma. (ojp.gov)
  • It can result from penetrating or blunt trauma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A hemothorax, or a collection of blood in the pleural space, most commonly occurs secondary to penetrating or blunt chest wall trauma. (emdocs.net)
  • In the hemodynamically unstable patient, the EFAST or Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma is most commonly utilized to identify a hemothorax given its speed of employment . (emdocs.net)
  • 245 Adults (18+) presenting to the ED with blunt or penetrating torso trauma. (emdocs.net)
  • This article focuses on chest trauma caused by blunt mechanisms. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, blunt thoracic injuries are directly responsible for 20-25% of all deaths, and chest trauma is a major contributor in another 50% of deaths. (medscape.com)
  • By far the most important cause of significant blunt chest trauma is motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). (medscape.com)
  • Blast injuries can also result in significant blunt thoracic trauma. (medscape.com)
  • The major pathophysiologies encountered in blunt chest trauma involve derangements in the flow of air, blood, or both in combination. (medscape.com)
  • Blunt trauma commonly results in chest wall injuries (eg, rib fractures). (medscape.com)
  • After blunt chest trauma, several blood-borne mediators are released, including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, and prostanoids. (medscape.com)
  • Blunt trauma that causes significant cardiac injuries (eg, chamber rupture) or severe great vessel injuries (eg, thoracic aortic disruption) frequently results in death before adequate treatment can be instituted. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical presentation of patients with blunt chest trauma varies widely and ranges from minor reports of pain to florid shock. (medscape.com)
  • Blunt trauma is any nonpenetrating injury caused by the impact of a blunt object against the body, resulting in damage to underlying structures. (amboss.com)
  • Clinical features and diagnostic studies vary based on the type and location of blunt trauma. (amboss.com)
  • Management of blunt trauma is based on the type and location of the injury. (amboss.com)
  • The most common causes of blunt trauma injuries include motor vehicle collisions , vehicle-pedestrian collisions, falls from height, and bicycling injuries. (amboss.com)
  • See " Approach to blunt neck trauma . (amboss.com)
  • In the last 10 years, our center has managed 60 cases of aortic rupture from blunt chest trauma. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • It appeared that the survival rate of patients suspected of blunt aortic trauma who had any of these clinical signs might be improved if they were taken directly to the operating room. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We would propose that further reduction in mortality may result from immediate left thoracotomy without aortography in cases of suspected blunt aortic trauma with specific signs of high risk. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • in fact, about 25% of patients with such trauma have hemothorax. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Most cases of hemothorax are related to blunt or penetrating chest trauma. (qxmd.com)
  • Appropriate management of retained hemothorax following initial trauma management is critical, and the best approach remains controversial. (qxmd.com)
  • This review discusses diagnostic and treatment modalities for commonly encountered injuries in pediatric blunt thoracic trauma, such as pulmonary contusions, rib fractures, pneumothoraces, and hemothoraces. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lung, Pleura, Pneumothorax, Thoracotomy, Trauma, Penetrating, Imaging INTRODUCTION The added diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) over chest X-ray (CXR) in patients with blunt trauma to the chest has been extensively verified [1, 2]. (deepdyve.com)
  • The management of minimal pneumothorax, which has been detected more frequently with the increasing use of computed tomography, especially after blunt trauma, is controversial. (tgcd.org.tr)
  • This study aimed to examine the results of patients with pneumothorax secondary to blunt trauma and contribute to the treatment protocol for this group of patients. (tgcd.org.tr)
  • A retrospective analysis of patients with pneumothorax after blunt trauma (n = 103) presenting to the emergency department during the 1-year period from January 2019 to January 2020 was performed. (tgcd.org.tr)
  • Among 766 patients with blunt trauma, 141 (18.4%) patients had a traumatic pneumothorax. (tgcd.org.tr)
  • We performed thoracoscopic evacuation of the hematoma on day 57 after the initial blunt chest trauma. (springeropen.com)
  • This condition may occur as a complication after blunt chest trauma associated with rib or sternal fractures, which cause injury to the intercostal or parasternal vessels. (springeropen.com)
  • Prevalence of delayed hemothorax in blunt thoracic trauma. (medscape.com)
  • We hereby report a case of a large extrapleural hematoma and associated pleural effusion following trauma being managed as a hemothorax based only on chest radiograph appearance. (wajradiology.org)
  • 15% of cases in patients with a history of blunt trauma. (wajradiology.org)
  • [1] Pneumothorax and hemothorax are the most common immediate complications associated with blunt chest trauma, [2] however, extrapleural hematoma can also occur and a patient may present immediately or rarely with delayed symptoms. (wajradiology.org)
  • Flail Chest Occurs from blunt chest trauma associated with accidents, which may result in hemothorax and rib fractures. (medicalestudy.com)
  • Althoughdamage of the heart vessels is a possible complication of blunt thoracic trauma, occlusion of the right coronary artery is rare and demands high level of suspicion by the emergency physicians. (hippokratia.gr)
  • Our objective is to present a case of fatal acute occlusion of the right coronary artery after blunt thoracic trauma due to vehicle accident and conduct a brief review of the current literature. (hippokratia.gr)
  • Acute occlusion of the right coronary artery is a rare complication of blunt chest trauma. (hippokratia.gr)
  • Injury of the heart and large vessels is a common complication after blunt thoracic trauma. (hippokratia.gr)
  • After a thorough clinical examination and a complete set of laboratory and imaging tests, it was concluded that the patient had sustained a severe blunt thoracic trauma with fracture of the sternum and the 4th, 6th and 9th ribs and absence of pneumothorax and hemothorax. (hippokratia.gr)
  • These findings were attributed to the blunt thoracic trauma. (hippokratia.gr)
  • It is estimated that 25% of trauma-related deaths are due to penetrating and blunt thoracic injuries. (edu.pl)
  • Successful management of these injuries depends on effective prioritisation of procedures based on the ABC principals combined with a rapid diagnosis of severe injuries and aggressive surgical treatment of life-threatening lesions following penetrating and blunt trauma. (edu.pl)
  • Thoracic injuries are usually classified as penetrating or blunt, the latter encompassing direct trauma as well as crush, acceleration or deceleration and blast injuries. (edu.pl)
  • Penetrating trauma may cause pneumothorax or haemothorax with massive blood loss. (edu.pl)
  • In patients with penetrating injuries surgical operations are frequently indicated, while diagnostic investigations are less required than in blunt trauma. (edu.pl)
  • In some cases, the distinction between blunt and penetrating thoracic trauma should be based on high index of suspicion because penetrating injuries often coexist with severe blunt injuries of solid organs and major vessels [4]. (edu.pl)
  • Dr. King treats all conditions that are the result of penetrating injuries, such as gunshot and stab wounds, as well as blunt trauma such as falls, assaults, and motor vehicle crashes. (go.com)
  • The most common cause of rib fracture is blunt trauma. (dubeortho.com)
  • Rib fractures can occur following blunt trauma to the chest. (dubeortho.com)
  • Thoracotomy in Blunt Trauma: What's the Harm? (medscape.com)
  • Traditional teaching has been that the thoracotomy has a reasonable chance of success in cases of penetrating chest trauma , but the success rate in blunt trauma is abysmal and therefore not indicated. (medscape.com)
  • What's the harm in just trying the thoracotomy in every traumatic arrest, including those associated with blunt trauma? (medscape.com)
  • The authors performed a structured review of 27 articles focused on ED or out-of-hospital thoracotomy for blunt trauma. (medscape.com)
  • The authors conclude, "There may be a role for ED thoracotomy after blunt trauma-in a limited group of patients. (medscape.com)
  • They propose a guideline for patients with blunt trauma in whom providers should "consider" performing an ED thoracotomy when cardiac arrest/CPR has not been prolonged, in the absence of "obvious head injury that is incompatible with good outcome," and when "there is appropriately experienced and skilled staff available. (medscape.com)
  • Hemothorax is the presence of blood in the pleural space. (medscape.com)
  • 4-5 Ideally, the CXR should be performed in the upright position in order to detect blunting of the costophrenic angle (equating to 150-300 mL of blood in the pleural space). (emdocs.net)
  • When traumatic Pneumothorax follows a penetrating chest injury, hemothorax (blood in the pleural space) may also occur. (lifenurses.com)
  • There were additional injuries: fracture average third of the sternum as well as stable fractures of ribs (the third rib on the right side and the fourth rib on the left side), right lung contusion with profuse hemothorax in the form of hematic fluid (850 cc) into the right thoracic cavity. (ispub.com)
  • Adults (15-88yrs) with blunt thoracic or abdominal injuries. (emdocs.net)
  • Sternal fractures are rarely of any consequence, except when they result in blunt cardiac injuries. (medscape.com)
  • An urgent CT scan revealed subadventitial Grade III thoracic aortic transection with mediastinal hematoma, a massive left-sided hemothorax with mediastinal shift to the right, and other injuries. (osu.cz)
  • Understanding the pathological changes that can occur in fatalities caused by fire, particularly in relation to fire damage to the body, is paramount in attempting to distinguish ante-mortem and peri-mortem blunt traumatic injuries from fire-related damage to the body. (bvsalud.org)
  • Principals of surgical management of specific thoracic injuries like: tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, massive haemothorax, flail chest, cardiac injuries, ruptures of the aorta, tracheobronchial tree lesions, oesophageal and diaphragmatic injuries have been reviewed. (edu.pl)
  • Pneumothorax and hemothorax are two commonly misdiagnosed and mistreated traumatic injuries. (sandwegandager.net)
  • Blunt force injuries are a subset of thoracic injuries and include injuries of the tracheobronchial tree, pleural space, and lung parenchyma. (aacnjournals.org)
  • Rapid-sequence intubation in patients with blunt or penetrating neck injuries carries the risk of total loss of airway patency upon administration of sedative and/or muscle relaxant medication. (vic.gov.au)
  • Respiratory system complications in TBI patients may be related to direct thoracic injuries such as pneumothorax, haemothorax, flail chest lung contusion. (e-jnic.org)
  • Hemothorax - Hemothorax injuries involve internal bleeding that causes blood to collect in the pleural cavity - the space between the lungs and the outer wall of the chest. (bottarolaw.com)
  • Injuries from broken ribs - The blunt-force impact of a motorcycle accident can easily dislocate or fracture rib bones. (bottarolaw.com)
  • Prompt identification and treatment of traumatic hemothorax is an essential part of the care of the injured patient. (medscape.com)
  • This article reviews the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of traumatic and spontaneous hemothorax in modern practice. (qxmd.com)
  • It is usually caused by blunt or penetrating traumatic injury to the chest which results in damage to the arteries or veins of the chest. (sandwegandager.net)
  • Six patients exsanguinated 1 to 2½ hours after admission while aortography was being arranged or performed, and review of these cases to identify clinical signs of high risk revealed that left hemothorax, pseudocoarctation, and/or supraclavicular hematoma were present in five of the six. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan showed multiple fractures on ribs 7-9, hemothorax, and extrapleural hematoma in the posterior chest wall. (springeropen.com)
  • Though the patient's hemothorax was improved by chest tube drainage, the extrapleural hematoma still remained. (springeropen.com)
  • Extrapleural hematoma needs to be differentiated from a hemothorax for appropriate management. (wajradiology.org)
  • If patient vital signs (hypoxia, persistent hypotension), mechanism of injury (penetrating injury), or physical exam (multiple palpable rib fractures, flail segment, significant chest wall ecchymosis or tenderness to palpation) lead you to suspect a hemothorax à Do not let the supine CXR convince you otherwise. (emdocs.net)
  • Impacts with all three impactors at both energy levels produced fractures originating at and remote to the impact site, indicating both mechanisms are typical in temporoparietal blunt force impacts. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is because rib fractures can be accompanied by complications such as accumulation of blood in the space surrounding the lung (called hemothorax) or excessive air in this same space (called pneumothorax). (dubeortho.com)
  • Blunt or penetrating injury involving virtually any intrathoracic structure can result in hemothorax. (medscape.com)
  • The usual cause of hemothorax is laceration of the lung, intercostal vessel, or an internal mammary artery. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cowles RA, Rowe DH, Arkovitz MS. Hereditary multiple exostoses of the ribs: an unusual cause of hemothorax and pericardial effusion. (medscape.com)
  • Patients were selected for primary conservative management if they were haemodynamically stable with no significant pneumothorax or haemothorax. (deepdyve.com)
  • The clinical examination by the anesthesiologist revealed a flail chest with abnormal chest wall mobility and no signs of pneumothorax or hemothorax. (hippokratia.gr)
  • Di Crescenzo V, Laperuta P, Napolitano F, Carlomagno C, Garzi A, Vitale M. Pulmonary sequestration presented as massive left hemothorax and associated with primary lung sarcoma. (medscape.com)
  • The patient was a 67-year-old man who showed right massive haemothorax after being run over by a low-speed vehicle. (bmj.com)
  • On admission to our hospital 40 min after arrest, right massive haemothorax was detected. (bmj.com)
  • Spontaneous hemothorax is much less common and results from a variety of pathologic processes. (qxmd.com)
  • Vaziri M, Mehrazma M. Massive spontaneous hemothorax associated with Von Recklinghausen's disease. (medscape.com)
  • Background: The standard ATLS protocol calls for chest drain insertion in patients with hemothorax before performing further diagnostic steps. (osu.cz)
  • The airway protective reflexes are blunted in TBI patients due to decreased level of consciousness. (e-jnic.org)
  • Tantraworasin A, Saeteng S. Massive hemothorax due to intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with beta thalassemia hemoglobin E disease. (medscape.com)
  • A hemothorax (derived from hemo- [blood] + thorax [chest], plural hemothoraces) is an accumulation of blood within the pleural cavity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although some authors state that a hematocrit value of at least 50% is necessary to differentiate a hemothorax from a bloody pleural effusion, most do not agree on any specific distinction. (medscape.com)
  • A chest radiograph performed elsewhere revealed blunting of the right costophrenic angle and opacification of the right hemithorax suspicious for a pleural effusion. (wajradiology.org)
  • The upright chest radiograph is the ideal primary diagnostic study in the evaluation of hemothorax (see Workup). (medscape.com)
  • Iatrogenic hemothorax can occur as a complication of heart and lung surgery, for example the rupture of lung arteries caused by the placement of catheters, thoracotomy, thoracostomy, or thoracentesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Space-occupying lesions (eg, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and hemopneumothorax) interfere with oxygenation and ventilation by compressing otherwise healthy lung parenchyma. (medscape.com)
  • Depending on the amount of bleeding and the underlying cause, hemothorax may be associated with varying degrees of lung collapse and mediastinal shift. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Blunt cardiac ruptures most commonly follow road traffic accidents and have a high mortality rate. (ispub.com)
  • 4 In the hemodynamically stable patient, a hemothorax is most commonly identified on CXR. (emdocs.net)
  • Pneumo-thorax-air in the pleural cavity - commonly accompanies hemothorax. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Massive hemothorax, often defined as over 1.5 liters of blood initially when an intercostal drain is placed, or a bleeding rate greater than .2 liters/hr, can result in shock with two causes: massive bleeding resulting from hypovolemic shock, and venous pressure from the retained blood, impairing blood flow. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of surgeons, including John Hunter in 1794, advocated the creation of an intercostal incision and drainage of the hemothorax. (medscape.com)
  • By the 1870s, early hemothorax evacuation by trocar and cannula or by intercostal incision was considered standard practice. (medscape.com)
  • Tube drainage improves ventilation, decreases risk of clotted hemothorax (which can lead to empyema or fibrothorax), and facilitates assessment of ongoing blood loss and diaphragmatic integrity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Management of pneumothorax and hemothorax includes pleural space drainage and control of ongoing hemorrhage, along with monitoring for complications such as empyema and chylothorax. (aacnjournals.org)
  • Hemothorax: Etiology, diagnosis, and management. (qxmd.com)
  • Broderick SR. Hemothorax: Etiology, diagnosis, and management. (medscape.com)
  • Massive hemothorax or exsanguinating hemorrhage may result from injury to major arterial or venous structures contained within the thorax or from the heart itself. (medscape.com)
  • Ota H, Kawai H, Matsuo T. Video-assisted minithoracotomy for blunt diaphragmatic rupture presenting as a delayed hemothorax. (medscape.com)
  • Costal osteochondroma presenting as haemothorax and diaphragmatic laceration. (medscape.com)
  • Iatrogenic hemothorax is more common in people who have chronic kidney disease in the intensive care unit. (wikipedia.org)
  • While Hunter's method was effective in evacuating the hemothorax, the creation of an iatrogenic pneumothorax as a result of the procedure was associated with significant morbidity. (medscape.com)
  • Thoracotomy is the procedure of choice for surgical exploration of the chest when massive hemothorax or persistent bleeding is present. (medscape.com)
  • Thoracotomy was performed in 2 cases with penetrating gunshot wounds, and tube thoracostomy was performed in 2 cases with hemothorax. (bvsalud.org)
  • Complications of a hemothorax include infection within the pleural cavity and the formation of scar tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • May J, Ades A. Porous diaphragm syndrome: haemothorax secondary to haemoperitoneum following laparoscopic hysterectomy. (medscape.com)
  • Sometimes, a Swan-Ganz catheter causes rupture of the pulmonary artery, causing a massive hemothorax. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blunt cardiac rupture is likely to remain an injury that is rarely survivable. (ispub.com)
  • Blunt cardiac rupture accounts for an estimated 5 % of the yearly deaths attributed to motor vehicle accidents ( 3 ). (ispub.com)
  • Identify and treat respiratory failure and shock , tension pneumothorax , massive hemothorax , and cardiac tamponade (see "Management" for details). (amboss.com)
  • The symptoms of a hemothorax may include chest pain and difficulty breathing, while the clinical signs may include reduced breath sounds on the affected side and a rapid heart rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The patient with hemothorax may experience chest pain, tachypnea, and mild to severe dyspnea, depending on the amount of blood in the pleural cavity and associated pathology. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Blunt injury to the chest can affect any one or all components of the chest wall and thoracic cavity. (medscape.com)
  • In cases caused by anticoagulant therapy, the hemothorax becomes noticeable 4-7 days after anticoagulant therapy is started. (wikipedia.org)