Funduscopic examination OD was remarkable for peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage-view of the optic nerve head was obscured by retinal hemorrhage, retinal whitening superior to macula indicative of a branch arterial occlusion and scattered intraretinal and blot hemorrhages associated with the deeper retinal capillary plexus. (optometrytimes.com)
Susac syndrome presents with a triad of retinal arterial occlusion, deafness, and encephalopathy, although often not all of the components are evident at the onset. (medlink.com)
Venous3
and ranibizumab, a FDA-approved monoclonal antibody fragment that targets all VEGF-A isoforms, have shown improved visual outcome and reduced leakage in macular edema from diabetes and retinal venous occlusions. (wikipedia.org)
This develops Branch retinal venous occlusion (BRVO) or Branch artery occlusion. (mathaonline.com)
Neovascularization of the optic nerve can be mild, or it can progress into extensive fibrous proliferation, causing secondary vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
Proliferative retinopathy is characterized by abnormal new vessel formation (neovascularization), which occurs on the inner (vitreous) surface of the retina and may extend into the vitreous cavity and cause vitreous hemorrhage. (msdmanuals.com)
Ischemia may lead to this because paramedian tegmental pontine arteries may branch in their terminal portions to supply both sides of the medial pontine tegmentum (1). (neuroophthalmology.ca)
Fisher CM. Neuroanatomic evidence to explain why bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia may result from occlusion of a unilateral pontine branch artery. (neuroophthalmology.ca)
To investigate the characteristics of the retinal periarterial capillary-free zone (paCFZ) with wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). (arvojournals.org)
Neovascularization6
Acute central retinal artery occlusion without evidence of retinal neovascularization, neovascular glaucoma, subhyaloid hemorrhages, preretinal hemorrhages, intravitreal hemorrhages, and/or cystoid macular edema: Should see back in 1-2 months in order to monitor for development of cystoid macular edema, worsening of ischemia, retinal neovascularization, and neovascular glaucoma. (odclinicals.com)
Posterior segment signs include narrowed retinal arteries, dilated but nontortuous retinal veins, midperipheral dot-and-blot retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and optic nerve/retinal neovascularization. (medscape.com)
Retinal neovascularization is less common, and occurs in 3-8% of cases. (medscape.com)
A retrospective series of 20 patients over 10 to 21 years showed deterioration of vision in more than 84% of eyes, either due to intra-retinal edema and serous retinal detachment (Type 1) or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) scar formation or neovascularization (Type 2). (wikipedia.org)
Neovascularization is often accompanied by preretinal fibrous tissue, which, along with the vitreous, can contract, resulting in traction retinal detachment. (msdmanuals.com)
Proliferative retinopathy, unlike nonproliferative retinopathy, causes formation of fine preretinal vessel neovascularization visible on the optic nerve or retinal surface. (msdmanuals.com)
Pigment epithelium2
Induction of differentiation by pyruvate and DMEM in the human retinal pigment epithelium cell line ARPE-19. (allergy-link.com)
Cultured retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may become a therapeutic option for transplantation in retinal disease. (allergy-link.com)
Bilateral1
The most common etiology of OIS is severe unilateral or bilateral atherosclerotic disease of the internal carotid artery or marked stenosis at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. (medscape.com)
Capillary1
Nonproliferative retinopathy (also called background retinopathy) develops first and causes increased capillary permeability, microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, macular ischemia, and macular edema (thickening of the retina caused by fluid leakage from capillaries). (msdmanuals.com)
Vein1
Other conditions such as retinal vein and artery occlusions and hypertensive retinopathy are also commonly encountered conditions with their share of visual morbidity. (optometrytimes.com)
Nerve fiber1
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurement may elucidate the risk of structural and functional sequelae. (researchgate.net)
Capillaries2
Retinal arterioles and capillaries are similar in anatomy to cerebral vessels in that they exhibit autoregulatory mechanisms and tight junctions to maintain the blood-ocular barrier. (medscape.com)
It is characterized by occlusion and telangiectasia of the capillaries of the fovea in one or both eyes, as well as some exudation. (wikipedia.org)
Macular edema1
Intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) which have proved to be beneficial in the treatment of macular edema by their anti-inflammatory effect, their downregulation of VEGF production, and stabilization of the blood retinal barrier, were reported anecdotally in the management of Macular telangiectasia type 1. (wikipedia.org)
Microvascular1
METHODS: Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) and rats were used to construct DR models in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
Typically1
Retinal vessels: Retinal arteries are typically narrow in eyes with OIS. (medscape.com)
Disease4
Diabetic retinopathy, the most prevalent retinal vascular disease, is a leading cause of blindness in patients between 20 to 74 years of age in the U.S. (optometrytimes.com)
The circumstances that lead to retinal vaso-occlusive disease can be described by three principles. (optometrytimes.com)
One such consideration is to avoid overlooking choroidal circulations-while these disorders are usually lumped under "retinal vascular diseases," the choroidal circulations also play an imperative role in both normal retinal function and its vascular disease state. (optometrytimes.com)
It is categorized as "macular perifoveal telangiectasia", a neurodegenerative metabolic disorder, correlated with diabetes and coronary artery disease. (wikipedia.org)
Cerebral1
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In in vivo experiments, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was undertaken in 6-week-old and 12-month-old mice, and rt-PA was administered to induce HT injury. (bvsalud.org)
Central3
Increased intraluminal pressure either in the retinal arterioles or in the central artery of the retina causes narrowing of the arterioles. (medscape.com)
According to Spencer, the normal light reflex of the retinal vasculature is formed by the reflection from the interface between the blood column and vessel wall. (medscape.com)
Western4
the expression levels of protein associated with apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of SKO-007 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. (researchgate.net)
qRTâ PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins, and angiogenesis assays were used to assess angiogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Importantly, RPE65 protein was detected by Western blotting and was enhanced by pyruvate, high glucose, and DMEM. (allergy-link.com)
This study demonstrated important differentiation markers, including pigmentation and Western blots of RPE65 protein, and showed human POS phagocytosis in ARPE-19 cultures using a simple differentiation protocol. (allergy-link.com)
Patient1
Neovascular glaucoma: Patient will most likely continue care with a retinal specialist and/or glaucoma specialist. (odclinicals.com)
Eyes1
Retinal hemorrhages: Midperipheral dot-and-blot retinal hemorrhages are observed in 24-80% of eyes with OIS. (medscape.com)
Laser1
Fundoscopy shows retinal laser scars and dot/blot hemorrhages. (neuroophthalmology.ca)
Evidence1
Recent evidence indicates that the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells play a key role in the pathophysiology of photophobia. (researchgate.net)
Result1
The end result to the retinal function can be solely caused by one or all these mechanisms. (optometrytimes.com)
Visual1
citation needed] In two case reports, IVTA of 4 mg allowed a transitory reduction of retinal edema, with variable or no increase in visual acuity (VA). As expected with all IVTA injections, the edema recurred within 3-6 months, and no permanent improvement could be shown. (wikipedia.org)
Brain1
Special diagnostic procedures are audiometry, retinal angiography, and MRI of the brain. (medlink.com)