DetachmentVesselsChoroidRetina and Retinal Pigment EpCalled retinal pigment epithelial cellsBarrierLesionsGanglion cellsMacular degenerationPhotoreceptorHemorrhageDegenerative diseaseVascularAtrophyEpithelium cellsInherited retinal diseasesFundusEpithelial layerCells in the retinaDiseasesArteriolesVein occlusionDifferent retinalIntraretinalFluidMelanin pigmentReceptorsRPE65Bruch'sAbnormalNeuronsOccursTissueMonolayerExudatesOptic nerveVasculatureInvading the retinaMelanosomesRetinitisTypicallyRhegmatogenousRanibizumabLayerVertebrateHumanSerrata
Detachment18
- The surgery consisted of pars plana vitrectomy, induction of a limited retinal detachment, and peripheral retinotomy for insertion of the monolayer using a novel tissue injector, followed by silicone oil tamponade injection, laser photocoagulation around the retinotomy site, and inferior iridectomy. (ca.gov)
- Wet AMD is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the subsequent development of hemorrhage, exudation, scarring or retinal detachment. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The essential requirements for a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment include a retinal break (rhegma = rent or rupture) and vitreous liquefaction sufficient to allow fluid in the vitreous cavity to pass through the break(s) into the subretinal space. (aao.org)
- The usual pathological sequence that results in retinal detachment is vitreous liquefaction followed by a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), which in turn causes retinal tears at the sites of significant vitreoretinal adhesions (Figure 1). (aao.org)
- All ocular conditions that are associated with an increased prevalence of vitreous liquefaction and PVD or with an increased number or extent of vitreoretinal adhesions are associated with a higher incidence of retinal detachment, including trauma. (aao.org)
- The majority of eyes with retinal breaks do not develop retinal detachment because normal physiological forces keep the retina in place. (aao.org)
- However, the combination of retinal breaks, vitreous liquefaction and detachment, traction on the retina (vitreoretinal traction), and intraocular fluid currents associated with movement of liquid vitreous and subretinal fluid can overwhelm these "attachment factors," causing retinal detachment. (aao.org)
- Major risk factors have in common an increased incidence of retinal break(s), vitreous liquification and detachment, and abnormal vitreoretinal adhesions. (aao.org)
- As noted above, retinal detachment occurs when the combination of factors that promote retinal detachment overwhelms the normal attachment forces. (aao.org)
- Vitreous traction usually persists at the edge of a tear, which promotes progression of the retinal detachment. (aao.org)
- Can PED lead to retinal detachment? (aao.org)
- PED (when a layer of cells under the retina no longer lies flat against the back of the eye as it should) does not on its own lead to retinal detachment . (aao.org)
- This typically does not lead to retinal detachment. (aao.org)
- This type of PED can be linked to retinal detachment that happens in the macula , in the middle of the retina. (aao.org)
- Patients may present with ocular signs and/or symptoms due to retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, glaucoma, or uveitis. (medscape.com)
- Localized macular edema or hemorrhage may elevate an area of the macula or cause a localized retinal pigment epithelial detachment. (msdmanuals.com)
- A CHOROID neovascularization characterized by serosanguineous retinal pigment epithelial detachment and leakage of serous exudate sometimes associated with aneurysmal polypoidal lesions. (bvsalud.org)
- In a retinal detachment, this space fills with fluid and detaches the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)
Vessels31
- These findings provide evidence that the new vessels arising in the choroid in these patients usually grow within the subsensory retinal space and not in the subpigment epithelial space, as occurs in patients with age-related macular degeneration. (nih.gov)
- In presumed ocular histoplasmosis, the new vessels are partly engulfed by a monolayer of proliferating retinal pigment epithelium. (nih.gov)
- This area, termed the fovea centralis , is avascular (does not have blood vessels), and has minimal neural tissue in front of the photoreceptors, thereby minimizing light scattering. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 1 ] Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) involves the growth of new blood vessels that originate from the choroid through a break in the Bruch membrane into the sub-retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) or subretinal space. (medscape.com)
- We are particularly interested in studying the outer retina, consisting of photoreceptor neurons, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and choriocapillaris blood vessels. (nih.gov)
- Neovascular (or wet) AMD makes up 10% of all reported cases where new abnormal leaking blood vessels break through a layer underlying the retina called the BM leading to a loss of central vision. (frontiersin.org)
- There has been significant developments and improvements in the management of neovascular AMD such as intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) to prevent any further growth of abnormal blood vessels. (frontiersin.org)
- The dye travels through the body and can be seen in the blood vessels in the retina by a special camera. (guidedogs.org.uk)
- Some people get a growth of abnormal blood vessels in the membrane under the retina (choroidal neovascular-membrane) and will need anti-VEGF injections to treat it. (guidedogs.org.uk)
- Finally, another potential source of optical distortion that lies in the light path to the receptors-the retinal blood vessels-are diverted away from the foveola. (nih.gov)
- In addition, clinical examination and investigation of these patients showed vasculopathologic changes in the macular region that affected the retinal and choroidal blood vessels ( 5 ), although the tissues of the periphery tended to be spared. (cdc.gov)
- However, sometimes abnormal blood vessels can grow under the retina (choroidal neovascularization) with PED. (aao.org)
- Anti-angiogenic therapy is an old method to fight cancer that aims to abolish the nutrient and oxygen supply to the tumor cells through the decrease of the vascular network and the avoidance of new blood vessels formation. (mdpi.com)
- Choroidal neovascularization (CNV), as the pathological process of the invasion of abnormal blood vessels into the subretinal space of the mammalian eye, is known as a feature of the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Furthermore, image analysis provides a simple and noninvasive visualization of the retinal blood vessels in those high risk ophthalmologic medical conditions [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Tam's multimodal imaging uses adaptive optics-a technique that employs deformable mirrors to improve resolution-to view live cells in the retina, including the light-sensing photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and blood vessels in unprecedented detail. (nih.gov)
- There is a layer of blood vessels under the macula that nourish the tissue. (pinnaclecare.com)
- The retinal pigment epithelium, another layer of tissue, moves nutrients from those blood vessels to the macula and removes the waste created by cells. (pinnaclecare.com)
- It involves overgrowth of blood vessels under the macula that leak fluid or blood, often causing sudden loss of central vision. (pinnaclecare.com)
- Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) medications that are injected into the eye to prevent the overgrowth of blood vessels. (pinnaclecare.com)
- Photocoagulation: Laser light seals and destroy abnormal blood vessels under the macula. (pinnaclecare.com)
- Whether this approach is appropriate for you depends on the location of the blood vessels, how much fluid or blood has already leaked, and how healthy the macula is. (pinnaclecare.com)
- Photodynamic therapy: After an injection of a medication that is absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels under the macula, a cold laser is shined in the eye, activating the medication and sealing leaking blood vessels. (pinnaclecare.com)
- Johnny Tam, Ph.D., head of the NEI Clinical and Translational Imaging Unit combined adaptive optics with indocyanine green dye to view live cells in the retina, including light-sensing photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroidal blood vessels. (southfloridahospitalnews.com)
- Exudate is fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
- Funduscopic examination may reveal tortuous aneurysms of the retinal vessels, exudates on the fundus, and subretinal yellowish spots. (medscape.com)
- Wet AMD occurs when new abnormal blood vessels develop under the retina in a process called choroidal neovascularization (abnormal new vessel formation). (msdmanuals.com)
- The arterioles and venules of the retina are the only blood vessels whose wall can be directly examined in the living human without an incision. (medscape.com)
- The retina, with the exception of the blood vessels coursing through it, is transparent to the examiner up to its outer layer, the retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)
- Wet AMD occurs when abnormal blood vessels form underneath the macula - the section of the retina that allows detailed, central vision - and damage its cells. (medscape.com)
- Note that the retinal vessels appeared to be emanating from the far right, from an area known as the optic disc. (cdc.gov)
Choroid6
- During atrophic AMD the waste/exchange pathway between the blood supply (choroid) and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is compromised. (frontiersin.org)
- The other two tunics of the eye's posterior segment are the white tough fibrous sclera which is outermost and continuous with the cornea anteriorly, and the choroid , a pigmented and highly vascular layer which lies sandwiched between the retina and sclera. (answersingenesis.org)
- The outer blood-retina barrier is the interface of the retina and the choroid, including Bruch's membrane and the choriocapillaris. (neurosciencenews.com)
- This central region of the fovea is therefore dependent on the underlying choroid and pigment epithelium for oxygenation and metabolic sustenance. (nih.gov)
- There are three layers of tissue that support the retina - the choroid, Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium. (webrn-maculardegeneration.com)
- The outermost layer of the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium, is tightly attached to the choroid. (medscape.com)
Retina and Retinal Pigment Ep3
- The purpose of this case report is to present a case of bilateral, combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leading to a suspected diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2. (reviewofoptometry.com)
- Combined hamartomas of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE) are rare, congenital, intraocular tumors characterized by the malformation of the neurosensory retina, RPE and adjacent vitreous with disorganized glial, vascular and melanocytic tissue. (reviewofoptometry.com)
- Structure of the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. (medlineplus.gov)
Called retinal pigment epithelial cells1
- CSR can also sometimes lead to problems with special cells that line the retina, called retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). (guidedogs.org.uk)
Barrier29
- Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells form part of the blood-retina barrier and have recently been shown to produce various chemokines in response to proinflammatory cytokines, As the scope of chemokine action has been shown to extend beyond the regulation of leukocyte migration, we have investigated the expression of chemokine receptors on RPE cells to determine whether they could be a target for chemokine signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
- As SDF-1 alpha expression by RPE cells was detected constitutively, we postulate that SDP-1-CXCR4 interactions may modulate the affects of chronic inflammation and subretinal neovascularization at the RPE site of the blood-retina barrier. (elsevierpure.com)
- Like most of the brain, the retina is isolated from the vascular system by the blood-brain barrier . (wikipedia.org)
- During AMD progression, the RPE is damaged, accompanied by a disruption of the choroidal blood-eye barrier and degeneration of photoreceptors. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Collectively, our data suggest that exposure of R91W;Nrl −/− mice to blue light not only induces cone cell death but also disrupts the inner blood-retinal barrier. (nature.com)
- We also identified other genes, including IDO1 and BAMBI, that may influence the RPE and therefore outer blood-retinal barrier integrity during ocular infection and inflammation, or are associated with degeneration, as seen for example in aging. (molvis.org)
- The study, conducted at the University of Eastern Finland , aimed to improve model design for the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), located in the lack of the eye, forming the outer blood-retinal barrier which plays a key role in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. (drugtargetreview.com)
- Until now, cultivated retinal pigment cell lines have lacked both pigmentation and the blood-retinal barrier, which has complicated their use. (drugtargetreview.com)
- LEPI cell culture modelling realistic blood-retinal barrier of the eye. (drugtargetreview.com)
- RPE cells also form the blood-retinal barrier that protects the eye from circulating xenobiotics. (drugtargetreview.com)
- For drug therapy, the blood-retinal barrier is crucial, as it regulates both the entry and exit of drugs to and from the eye. (drugtargetreview.com)
- AMD begins in the outer blood-retina barrier -- eye tissue that supports the retina's light-sensing photoreceptors. (scienceboard.net)
- The outer blood-retina barrier consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is separated from the blood-vessel rich choriocapillaris by Bruch's membrane, which regulates the exchange of nutrients and waste between the choriocapillaris on one side and the RPE on the other. (scienceboard.net)
- The researchers then printed a combination of cells to form the outer blood-retina barrier. (scienceboard.net)
- Tissue analyses and genetic and functional testing showed that the printed tissue looked and behaved like normal outer blood-retina barrier tissue. (scienceboard.net)
- 1 They also stabilize endothelial and retinal pigment epithelial tight junctions and restore the integrity of blood retinal barrier. (dovepress.com)
- The research team from the National Eye Institute (NEI), part of the National Institutes of Health, printed a combination of cells that form the outer blood-retina barrier-eye tissue that supports the retina's light-sensing photoreceptors. (neurosciencenews.com)
- We know that AMD starts in the outer blood-retina barrier," said Kapil Bharti, Ph.D., who heads the NEI Section on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research. (neurosciencenews.com)
- The outer blood-retina barrier consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), separated by Bruch's membrane from the blood-vessel rich choriocapillaris. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Tissue analyses and genetic and functional testing showed that the printed tissue looked and behaved similarly to native outer blood-retina barrier. (neurosciencenews.com)
- By printing cells, we're facilitating the exchange of cellular cues that are necessary for normal outer blood-retina barrier anatomy," said Bharti. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Co-author Marc Ferrer, Ph.D., director of the 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory at NIH's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, and his team provided expertise for the biofabrication of the outer blood-retina barrier tissues "in-a-well," along with analytical measurements to enable drug screening. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Bharti and collaborators are using printed blood-retina barrier models to study AMD, and they are experimenting with adding additional cell types to the printing process, such as immune cells, to better recapitulate native tissue. (neurosciencenews.com)
- DISCUSSION The blood-retinal barrier is made of retinal endothelial cells and retinal pigment Retinyl acetate epithelial cells. (mingsheng88.org)
- When inflammation occurs in eyes, the blood-retinal barrier can be destroyed. (mingsheng88.org)
- In this situation, peripheral activated T lymphocytes can pass through the blood-retinal barrier because of the T cell receptors and similar polypeptides in the retina, resulting in endophthalmitis[7],[16]. (mingsheng88.org)
- Furthermore, functions assigned to mouse and human RPE expression profiles indicate (patho-) biological differences related to AMD, such as oxidative stress, Bruch's membrane, immune-regulation and outer blood retina barrier. (vu.nl)
- The encoded protein is involved in the establishment of the blood-brain barrier and is required for brain growth and function. (nih.gov)
- METHODS: The aim of this work was to determine the neurovirulence of isolates from the six main lineages circulating in Europe using mouse model and several neuronal cell lines (neurons, microglia, pericytes, brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and in vitro Blood-Brain Barrier model). (bvsalud.org)
Lesions3
- 1-5 On fundus examination, these lesions often appear elevated, pigmented (usually grey, white or brown, but may be orange, yellow or green) and are frequently associated with overlying glial tissue that may produce retinal distortion, wrinkling and/or striae. (reviewofoptometry.com)
- Using a new imaging technique, researchers from the National Eye Institute have determined that retinal lesions from vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD) vary by gene mutation. (nih.gov)
- Among other extracolonic manifestations, odontomas, pigmented lesions of the fundus, congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and dental anomalies, such as supernumerary and impacted teeth, are present. (bvsalud.org)
Ganglion cells4
- Neural signals from the rods and cones undergo processing by other neurons, whose output takes the form of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- The extremely high density of cone receptors in the fovea , and the one-to- one relationship with bipolar cells and retinal ganglion cells (see earlier), endows this region (and the cone system generally) with the capacity to mediate high visual acuity. (nih.gov)
- As cone density declines with eccentricity and the degree of convergence onto retinal ganglion cells increases, acuity is markedly reduced. (nih.gov)
- About ten years ago researchers in the United States discovered that there was also a third light receptor in the retina - a form of so-called retinal ganglion cells. (lu.se)
Macular degeneration8
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal degenerative disease, which causes progressive loss of central vision in the elderly ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- The advance could provide an unending supply of tissue to study, and ultimately cure retinal diseases and age-related macular degeneration. (neurosciencenews.com)
- The technique provides a theoretically unlimited supply of patient-derived tissue to study degenerative retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). (neurosciencenews.com)
- These extracted markers or characterized fundus digital image features provide insights and relates quantitative retinal vascular topography abnormalities to various pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy, transient ischemic attack, neovascular glaucoma, and cardiovascular diseases. (hindawi.com)
- Tam is using multimodal imaging on a variety of other rare retinal diseases and more common ones including age-related macular degeneration. (nih.gov)
- Background The human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of age related macular degeneration (AMD). (vu.nl)
- Macular degeneration and stem cells are the focus of research by several biotech companies in the United States and world wide that seek to use regenerative medicine to treat many different retinal conditions. (webrn-maculardegeneration.com)
- The loss of cells in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE), a layer of the retina that helps to nourish the macula contributes to age related macular degeneration and loss of vision. (webrn-maculardegeneration.com)
Photoreceptor4
- The acute model of light-induced retinal degeneration uses short exposure to bright white light to study photoreceptor cell death leading to loss of vision. (nature.com)
- The RPE is a monolayer of cells between the neural retina and choroidal blood supply, and is critically important for photoreceptor function. (arvojournals.org)
- Photoreceptor and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Relationships in Eyes With Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Imaging. (nih.gov)
- Photoreceptor and blood vessel layers were less affected in both male and female study participants, suggesting that RPE disruption plays an important role in choroideremia. (southfloridahospitalnews.com)
Hemorrhage2
- ICG has a peak absorption and fluorescence in the near infrared range, which allows visualization of choroidal pathology through overlying serosanguineous fluid, pigment, or a thin layer of hemorrhage that usually blocks visualization during FA. (medscape.com)
- AMD has two types: dry AMD with the presence of drusen and atrophy and wet AMD with the features of edema and hemorrhage within or below the retina or retinal pigment epithelium besides drusen and atrophy [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Degenerative disease1
Vascular4
- The present study investigated the effects of GSK2606414 on proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Some distinct changes in the retinal microvasculature are recognized as the preindicator of subsequent vascular incidents like ischemic stroke or acute stroke [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
- It was found in many types of research that there is a clear relationship between the ocular funduscopic abnormalities and acute stroke even though the blood pressure and other vascular risk factors are in control [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- In addition to demonstrating the efficient generation of hepatocytes in research published today, the company has made significant progress in the generation of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells to treat retinal degenerative diseases and the generation of hemangioblasts to treat vascular disease as well as to create a large-scale and donorless source of red blood cells and platelets. (news-medical.net)
Atrophy1
- Retinal assessments have been discussed as biomarkers for brain atrophy. (nature.com)
Epithelium cells2
- Image from the NIH shows mature iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cell) derived retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE), magnified by super resolution confocal microscopy. (webrn-maculardegeneration.com)
- The pioneering treatment involved implanting an engineered patch of retinal pigment from epithelium cells under the retina to replace those that are damaged. (medscape.com)
Inherited retinal diseases3
- Precision genome editing agents can enable gene correction and disease rescue in inherited retinal diseases, according to University of California, Irvine. (scienceboard.net)
- Altogether, inherited retinal diseases affect around 1 in 4000 people or over 2 million people worldwide. (cera.org.au)
- But for most inherited retinal diseases, there is no potential medicine, surgery or ability to cure vision loss. (cera.org.au)
Fundus3
- One of the most important subfields of biomedical engineering is the analysis of fundus retinal images. (hindawi.com)
- Analysis of the human fundus eye images has become the key point for diagnosing the various pathologies of retinal vasculature. (hindawi.com)
- The fundus retinal images are directly captured from human eye that includes some other landmarks like microcirculation system of the retina, macula, optic disc, fovea, microaneurysm, and exudates [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Epithelial layer2
- LEPI cells model the real-life retinal pigment epithelial layer of the eye by forming a tight epithelial layer and having hexagonal cell morphology like in the human eye (Confocal microscope image: cell nucleus is shown as blue and cell membrane as red) (credit: Mika Reinisalo). (drugtargetreview.com)
- When this layer of cells (called the pigment epithelial layer) separates from the back of the eye and elevates, the retinal layer, above it, can become raised as well. (aao.org)
Cells in the retina1
Diseases6
- Activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling pathway has been reported in numerous retinal degenerative diseases including AMD ( 16 ), glaucomatous retinopathy ( 19 ) and diabetic retinopathy ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Purpose Invasion of pigmented cells into the retina occurs in retinal degenerative diseases, such as macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). (bmj.com)
- The technique may provide a theoretically unlimited supply of patient-derived tissue to study retinal diseases, along with a physiologically relevant model for studying RPE-choriocapillaris interactions under healthy and diseased conditions. (scienceboard.net)
- Retinal microvascular abnormalities like microaneurysm, arteriovenous nicking, haemorrhages, and vessel caliber are considered as associative to the stroke and indicative of death from stroke and IHD (Ischemic Heart Diseases) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This indicates that easily accessible retinal SD-OCT assessments may serve as biomarkers for clinical monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases and merit further research. (nature.com)
- Defective retinoid metabolism has also been reported in other retinal degenerative diseases. (molcells.org)
Arterioles2
- A fluorescein angiograph of the retina showed knobby hyperfluorescence of the retinal arterioles with minimal leakage, as well as some spots of leakage at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. (cdc.gov)
- This is the point where the retinal arterioles and optic nerve enter the rear of the eyeball. (cdc.gov)
Vein occlusion1
- DEX implant has evidence of efficacy in a variety of clinical situations including macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion, diabetes, uveitis, and others. (dovepress.com)
Different retinal1
- This, however, requires further elucidation of the relation of different retinal layers with brain features in the general population. (nature.com)
Intraretinal4
- These intraretinal pigmented cells may be derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), but differences and similarities between intraretinal pigmented cells and RPE have so far not been well characterised. (bmj.com)
- Method Here, we compared intraretinal pigment cells with RPE cells by immunohistochemistry. (bmj.com)
- Main outcome measures Presence of specific immunohistochemistry markers on intraretinal pigmented and RPE cells. (bmj.com)
- Results We found that intraretinal pigmented cells did not express RPE65 and CRALBP, with a small subset expressing them weakly. (bmj.com)
Fluid1
- This is due to a combination of retinal breaks, vitreous changes inducing a retinal break and vitreoretinal traction, and intraocular fluid currents. (aao.org)
Melanin pigment2
- Typically, continuously growing RPE cell lines lack melanin pigment (left). (drugtargetreview.com)
- The retina consists of ten layers (Figure 3), of which the outermost is the dark retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) which because of its melanin pigment is opaque to light. (answersingenesis.org)
Receptors1
- Surgical excision of this membrane permits reapproximation of the retinal receptors and native pigment epithelium and may be associated with remarkable return of visual acuity. (nih.gov)
RPE652
- Immunohistological stains for classic RPE markers (RPE65, CRALBP and KRT18) and blood vessel markers (lectin and collagen 4) were done on sections from postmortem eye tissue from two MacTel donors, an RP donor and a control donor. (bmj.com)
- Epidemiology of Mutations in the 65-kDa Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE65) Gene-Mediated Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: A Systematic Literature Review. (cdc.gov)
Bruch's1
- Nowadays, more advanced segmentation algorithms and higher resolution imaging enable the automated and precise identification of additional retinal layers including the outer retina as well as novel and more precise peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) parameters such as Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) around the optic disk 13 . (nature.com)
Abnormal1
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the hematopoietic stem cells characterized by abnormal proliferation of myeloid blast cells in the bone marrow and blood, preventing them from further differentiating into the specialized cells of the bone marrow and thus causing pancytopenia. (dovepress.com)
Neurons2
- The neural retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses and is supported by an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Light-induced damage is a particularly serious threat for vertebrate photoreceptors, which absorb light photons using the photopigments in their outer segments (OS) and transduce electrochemical signals to inner retinal neurons. (molcells.org)
Occurs2
- Ocular involvement-presenting as chorioretinitis, uveitis, occlusive retinal vasculitis, or optic neuritis [ 4 , 5 ]-occurs in some cases of WNV infection, although the pathogenesis and sequelae of these complications are unclear. (molvis.org)
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a platelet disorder that occurs in people who have an abnormally low number of platelets in the blood. (firebaseapp.com)
Tissue3
- 6-9 On OCT imaging, consistent features of CHRRPEs include varying amount of thickened retinal and pre-retinal tissue, retinal disorganization, epiretinal membranes with secondary retinal folds and striae, normal adjacent retina and no evidence of choroidal involvement. (reviewofoptometry.com)
- The macula is the very small, central part of retinal tissue. (pinnaclecare.com)
- There is no retinal tissue overlying the optic nerve head. (medscape.com)
Monolayer1
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To develop a safe and efficient surgical procedure for subretinal implantation into porcine eyes of a human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigmented epithelium (hESC-RPE) monolayer seeded onto a Parylene-C scaffold. (ca.gov)
Exudates2
- macular hemorrhages and exudates were found on retinal examination. (cdc.gov)
- In people who have an eye disease called diabetic retinopathy or damage from high blood pressure, exudates form in the retina of the eye. (medlineplus.gov)
Optic nerve3
- therefore, the optic nerve must cross through the retina en route to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
- Retinal nerve fibers exit the eye through the optic nerve, located nasally and on the same plane as the anatomical center of the retina. (medscape.com)
- The neuroretina is tightly attached to the underlying retinal pigment only at the margins of the optic nerve and at the ora serrata. (medscape.com)
Vasculature1
- Recently, we generated R91W;Nrl −/− double-mutant mice, which display a well-ordered all-cone retina with normal retinal vasculature and a strong photopic function that generates useful vision. (nature.com)
Invading the retina1
Melanosomes3
- Non-pigmented RPE cells can be re-pigmented with controlled quantities of purified melanosomes resulting from RPE cells from light pigmentation (centre) to cell cultures displaying very strong pigmentation (right) which is normally seen in the eye (credit: Mika Reinisalo). (drugtargetreview.com)
- Instead of just using pigment, we used melanosomes, ie, live pigmented cell organelles, to re-pigment the cells. (drugtargetreview.com)
- By using non-pigmented cells as controls, we were able to study how much of a drug given to the cells eventually ends up in the melanosomes. (drugtargetreview.com)
Retinitis1
- Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one of the most common types of inherited retinal disease . (cera.org.au)
Typically2
- Retinal holes are full-thickness retinal defects that are typically not associated with persistent vitreoretinal traction in their vicinity. (aao.org)
- Dry AMD causes changes of the retinal pigment epithelium, typically visible as dark pinpoint areas. (msdmanuals.com)
Rhegmatogenous1
- Scleral buckling is an ophthalmic surgical technique that has been successfully employed as a primary or adjuvant procedure to repair rhegmatogenous retinal detachments for over 60 years. (aao.org)
Ranibizumab2
- Kiss CG, Simader C, Michels S, Schmidt-Erfurth U. Combination of verteporfin photodynamic therapy and ranibizumab: effects on retinal anatomy, choroidal perfusion and visual function in the protect study. (medscape.com)
- 2-4 Data from open-label studies using optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided re-treatment strategies have shown that improvements in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT-assessed central retinal thickness can be achieved with fewer ranibizumab injections than the fixed monthly dosing regimens used in studies such as MARINA and ANCHOR. (bmj.com)
Layer3
- They were implanted with a new layer of retinal pigment epithelial cells (cells that are important for retinal function). (universiteitleiden.nl)
- The retina's RPE is a layer of pigmented cells essential to the nourishment and survival of photoreceptors. (southfloridahospitalnews.com)
- The examiner sees the neurosensory retina against the background orange color of the melanin containing retinal pigment epithelium and blood-filled choroidal layer of the eye. (medscape.com)
Vertebrate3
- Squid eyes do not have an analog of the vertebrate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (wikipedia.org)
- Although their photoreceptors contain a protein, retinochrome, that recycles retinal and replicates one of the functions of the vertebrate RPE, cephalopod photoreceptors are likely not maintained as well as in vertebrates, and that as a result, the useful lifetime of photoreceptors in invertebrates is much shorter than in vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
- In vertebrate eyes, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) provides structural and functional homeostasis to the retina. (molcells.org)
Human5
- An Innovative Surgical Technique for Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium in Yucatan Mini Pigs: Preliminary Results. (ca.gov)
- Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (CPCB-RPE1) were carried ou in Yucatan Mini Pigs to develop a safe and efficient surgical procedure. (ca.gov)
- Adjacent sections underwent immunohistochemical analysis to detect human cells using anti-TRA-1-85 (human blood group antigen) antibody and DAPI antibodies. (ca.gov)
- To identify key genes differentially expressed in the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) following low-level West Nile virus (WNV) infection. (molvis.org)
- LCN2 was increased by SOX9 and SIRT1 deacetylated SOX9 to promote its nuclear translocation, which further inhibited the viability of human retinal pigment epithelial cells and promoted cell apoptosis and angiogenesis as well as CNV-induced AMD formation. (hindawi.com)
Serrata2
- Dialyses are circumferential retinal breaks that occur at the ora serrata. (aao.org)
- The retinal distance circumferentially passing posteriorly from a point on the ora serrata to a point on the ora serrata 180 degrees away is approximately 50 mm. (medscape.com)