Blood brain b 1988 biomarkers cerebrospinal fluid proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Alzheimer's possesses complex pathologies of heterogeneous nature counting proteins as one major factor along with enzymes and mutated genes. (benthamscience.com)
These proteins are more abundant in Alzheimer's patient brains, and their levels are positively correlated with cognitive decline, amyloid plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle burden. (bvsalud.org)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflects the ongoing biochemical changes occurring in the central nervous system, thus providing a potential source of biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy [ 12 , 13 ]. (jneuropsychiatry.org)
Abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau that makes up neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), composed of paired helical filaments (PHFs) and straight filaments, is found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains (Table 2 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Because of the emerging intersections of HIV infection and Alzheimer's disease, we examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers related of amyloid and tau metabolism in HIV-infected patients. (biomedcentral.com)
We also measured these CSF biomarkers in 64 uninfected (HIV-) subjects, including 21 with Alzheimer's disease, and both younger and older controls without neurological disease. (biomedcentral.com)
These biomarker changes define pathogenetic pathways to brain injury in ADC that differ from those of Alzheimer's disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, the pathogenesis of HIV-related brain injury may intersect with Alzheimer's disease in several aspects. (biomedcentral.com)

Research efforts investigating sporadic and familial neurodegenerative diseases have identified distinct clinicopathologic relationships related to the accumulation of hallmark brain lesions found in selectively vulnerable neuroanatomical distributions. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on the predominance of disorders involving tau neuropathology, it is recognized as the most commonly associated misfolded protein in human neurodegenerative diseases (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Catecholamines-dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline are important biomarkers of neurotransmitter metabolism, indicating neuroendocrine tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. (mdpi.com)
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of the expression of histone deacetylases, and aggregation of pathogenic forms of proteins are among the most common and significant pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. (actanaturae.ru)

All recognized mutations for AD are associated with increased deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta), a peptide fragment comprising 39-43 amino acids that derive from the catabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) molecule. (medscape.com)
APOE binds to cell-surface receptors to deliver lipids and to the hydrophobic amyloid-β peptide, regulating amyloid-β aggregations and clearances in the brain. (dovepress.com)
Amyloid plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the brain are the main pathological hallmarks of this disease. (nature.com)
In this cross-sectional study we measured soluble amyloid precursor proteins alpha and beta (sAPPα and sAPPβ), amyloid beta fragment 1-42 (Aβ 1-42 ), and total and hyperphosphorylated tau (t-tau and p-tau) in CSF of 86 HIV-infected (HIV+) subjects, including 21 with AIDS dementia complex (ADC), 25 with central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections and 40 without neurological symptoms and signs. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, the largely similar proteome of DLB and PDD matched for amyloid burden suggests that variations in concomitant AD-related pathology, abnormal post-translational modifications or protein-protein interactions, defective intracellular trafficking or misfolding of proteins could play a part in driving the clinically observed differences between these two subgroups of Lewy body dementias. (biomedcentral.com)

Disturbed expression of these proteins results in synaptic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, memory loss, and neuronal degradation. (benthamscience.com)
Several APOE isoforms with major structural differences were discovered and shown to influence the brain lipid transport, glucose metabolism, neuronal signaling, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial function. (dovepress.com)
Microtubule-associated protein tau encoded by the MAPT gene binds to microtubules and is important for maintaining neuronal morphology and function. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, activity recordings at the level of single neurons, neuronal networks or even entire brain regions consistently show hyperexcitability in the early stages of AD (summarized in Table 1 ). (nature.com)
This evidence comes from laboratory models of AD, as well as living patients, showcasing the potential of neuronal excitability changes as a biomarker for early detection of AD. (nature.com)
Here, we show that conditioned medium from brain VSMC cultures enhances multiple neuronal functions, such as neuritogenesis, neuronal maturation, and survival, thereby improving circuit connectivity. (biomedcentral.com)
However, since previous studies mostly focused either on developing PNS or on adult CNS synaptic plasticity, the direct effect of vascular cell-secreted proteins on neuritogenesis in the very early stage of neuronal development is not well characterized. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, it is unknown whether cerebral arteriolar smooth mural cell-secreted proteins act directly on neurons and accelerate neuron maturation at transcriptomic level, neuronal survival, and circuit development. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we showed that the secretomes obtained from primary mouse cerebral vascular SMCs, a human brain SMC cell line, and a human aorta SMC cell line promote neuronal early morphogenesis, functional maturation, and survival in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Interrelations between neuronal and immunologic systems have long been investigated and it has now been robustly established that cytokines and other components of adaptive immunity play key roles in host defense against microorganisms and in regulation of neurogenesis, release of neurotransmitters, control of blood-brain barrier permeability, and protection of neurons. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
Pain originating from the gastrointestinal (GI) system ascends to the brain via the same tri-neuronal pathways that convey noxious somatic stimuli. (frontiersin.org)
ON occurs due to inflammatory processes which lead to activation of T-cells that can cross the blood brain barrier and cause hypersensitivity reaction to neuronal structures. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)

The type III intermediate filament subunit, vimentin, is expressed in developing neurons and a few very unusual neurons in the adult in association with type IV proteins, such as the horizontal neurons of the retina. (wikipedia.org)
However, these changes are superimposed in individuals with reduced brain volume, especially in the hippocampus, and other developmental abnormalities, such as reduced dendritic arborizations, decreased number of spines, spine atrophy, and abnormalities of spine orientation in pyramidal neurons. (medscape.com)
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-transport protein abundantly expressed in most neurons in the central nervous system. (dovepress.com)
An argument against this theory has been that brain cells are safe from immune system attack, because most neurons dont have antigens the markers immune cells use to recognise a target. (parkinsonsdaily.com)
But by studying postmortem brain tissue samples, David Sulzer at Columbia University and his team have discovered that dopamine-producing neurons do display antigens. (parkinsonsdaily.com)
We stuck our probe into the brain tissue where neurons are packed. (dmtquest.org)

Type III contains the proteins vimentin, desmin, peripherin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). (wikipedia.org)
In addition, increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine were measured in cerebella of HFD ± NDEA treated rats, and overall, NDEA+HFD treatment reduced brain levels of Tau, phospho-GSK-3β (reflecting increased GSK-3β activity), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and ChAT to greater degrees than either treatment alone. (biomedcentral.com)

We determined BBB integrity by measuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma albumin ratios in archived CSF samples prior to and after initiation of ART in longitudinally-followed neuroasymptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals and patients with HAD. (biomedcentral.com)

Venous (K3-EDTA-monovettes®, Sarstedt) and capillary (200 µl K3 EDTA-microvettes®, Sarstedt) blood was collected from healthy volunteers without neurological disease. (researchsquare.com)
Strong evidence supports a pathogenic role of altered microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) as the shared molecular mechanism of disease amongst the collectively termed tauopathies. (biomedcentral.com)
The disease is most prevalent (30 - 100 þ cases CNS active lesions in MS and elevated amounts of these per 100 000 people) in Western Europe, Southern Canada, cytokines are secreted from MS peripheral blood mono- Northern United States, Southern Australia and New Zealand nuclear cells (PBMC)21 - 25. (chestervetclinic.com)
During the course of the disease, the major constituent of LB is misfolded α-Syn, which spreads to different brain regions in a prion-like fashion [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Anaplastic Anemia is an uncommon disease resulting in deficiencies of blood cell production by bone marrow. (lab-ally.com)
This disease is characterized by a greater presence of immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) than normally needed in the blood and bone marrow, and is the most common of pediatric cancers. (lab-ally.com)
Biomarkers are objectively measurable characteristics that can be used to diagnose a disease or to track its progression. (michaeljfox.org)
In this study, we will explore circular RNAs -- a recently discovered type of RNA, a molecule that plays a role in protein production -- as a possible biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD). (michaeljfox.org)
We will utilize blood, serum and brain tissue samples collected in the course of the ICICLE-PD study for the purpose of studying the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
Thus, it would be both scientifically and clinically useful and informative to sub-categorize patients according to disease-relevant variables including clinical criteria, co-morbidities, biomarkers etc. (cdc.gov)

In addition, identifying and studying new biomarkers of Parkinson's is likely to open new avenues for the development of therapeutics. (michaeljfox.org)
If our hypothesis is correct and specific circular RNAs are indeed associated with PD and predict dementia, then our next step will be to confirm our findings by testing another set of samples, such as samples and data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), The Michael J. Fox Foundation's landmark clinical study to find biomarkers. (michaeljfox.org)

Deterioration of the BBB is most likely multifactorial, with contributing factors including secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and viral proteins from infected cells, as well as direct invasion of the cells of the neurovascular unit especially pericytes and perivascular macrophages by HIV [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The bvFTD trial will take place at 25 to 30 sites worldwide, enrolling 180 adults with clinical and brain scan evidence of probable bvFTD. (alzforum.org)
Due to the lack of understanding of the cause of PD, symptomatic clinical therapy has traditionally focused on using medicines like levodopa and brain surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor, a well-known biomarker for targeted therapy at present, was first brought up with potential clinical responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib in 2004[ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Despite their well-known involvement in neuroimmunologic processes, the pathogenic significance of chemokines, which are small signaling proteins with the ability to induce chemotaxis, has been relatively understudied in BD as compared with other immune system components. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
Additionally, we study how RNA binding proteins (RBPs) interact with various RNA structures using global analysis of RBP binding sites, the functions of nuclear RNA foci (biomolecular condensates) generated by pathogenic STR expansions, and how RNA-based mechanisms promote mammalian tissue regeneration. (ufl.edu)

The detection of brainstem dysfunction mainly relies on neurological examination and non-invasive methods, such as pupillometer and spectral analyses of heart rate and blood pressure. (scientificarchives.com)
As part of her ongoing research program, Dr. Severance focuses on the major gateway of the immune system, the gastrointestinal mucosa, where inflammation, food hypersensitivities, barrier defects and immune dysregulation can cause downstream brain dysfunction in people with psychiatric disorders. (neuroimmune.org)

As PNKD is a rare neurological disorder characterized by paroxysmal movement disorders, CSF might also act as an ideal source for screening and identifying novel PNKDrelated biomarkers. (jneuropsychiatry.org)
While they ameliorate patients' symptoms to some extent, surgeries like neuronuclear destruction and deep brain stimulation can cause irreversible neurological damage [ 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Proteomic studies have identified moesin (MSN), a protein containing a FERM (four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain, and the receptor CD44 as hub proteins found within a co-expression module strongly linked to AD traits and microglia. (bvsalud.org)
Proteomic technologies have been largely used to search for differentially expressed proteins, in order to clarify the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases such as tumor and neurodegenerative disorders [ 14 - 16 ]. (jneuropsychiatry.org)
None of the proteins showed a significant yet opposite regulation in between DLB and PDD when compared to aged controls in the proteomic data set as well as following immunoblot analysis of the pooled and individual lysates involving all 61 subjects. (biomedcentral.com)

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury is prevalent in patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD) and is a frequent feature of HIV encephalitis. (biomedcentral.com)
Over time, in the absence of treatment, this evolves into chronic infection and inflammation that can disrupt the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (biomedcentral.com)
Within a framework of the gut-brain axis, Dr. Severance will review the role of inflammation, infectious agents, food antigens, gut dysbioses, endothelial barrier instabilities and autoantibody propagation on CNS pathologies such as neurotransmitter receptor hypofunction and complement pathway-mediated synaptic pruning. (neuroimmune.org)

Abnormalities of findings on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin studies are less common in ADEM. (medscape.com)
Our findings show that two fragments of alpha-synuclein, a protein that accumulates in the brain cells of people with Parkinsons, can activate the T cells involved in autoimmune attacks. (parkinsonsdaily.com)
These findings suggest the potential use of AQP4 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of pediatric hydrocephalus and as gliogenesis biomarker. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we reviewed the physiological/pathological roles and therapeutic significance of nearly all the proteins associated with AD that addresses putative as well as probable targets for developing effective anti-AD therapies. (benthamscience.com)

The gastrointestinal tract and its resident microbiome serves as a critical hub regulating self and non-self interactions, which when dysregulated can generate pathological autoimmunity peripherally and in the brain. (neuroimmune.org)

Psychiatric researchers are looking beyond the central nervous system (CNS) for novel ways that the body's peripheral cellular and molecular pathways might be harnessed into effective treatments of brain disorders. (neuroimmune.org)

Storing whole blood or plasma at 4°C led to stable Aβ peptide concentrations up to 72 hours. (researchsquare.com)
While Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 concentrations were slightly lower in capillary blood and started decreasing during storage conditions at 4°C, the Aβ 42/40 ratio remained constant up to 72 hours and was comparable to venous whole blood. (researchsquare.com)
We also analyzed HIV RNA in blood and CSF, IgG Index, CSF WBC counts, and CSF concentrations of β2-micoglobulin, neopterin, and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL). (biomedcentral.com)

APOE is also involved in the formation of chylomicrons and VLDL and affects the activity of other lipid metabolism-associated proteins and enzymes, such as hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase. (dovepress.com)
Emerging study has shown that APOE and APOE isoform functions may extend beyond lipid metabolism to include maintenance of normal brain function. (dovepress.com)

The protein composition of neurofilaments varies widely across different animal phyla. (wikipedia.org)
The precise composition of neurofilaments in any given nerve cell depends on the relative expression levels of the neurofilament proteins in the cell at that time. (wikipedia.org)
Tetramer subunits associate side-to-side to form unit-length filaments, which then anneal end-to-end to form the mature neurofilament polymer, but the precise organization of these subunits within the polymer is not known, largely because of the heterogeneous protein composition and the inability to crystallize neurofilaments or neurofilament proteins. (wikipedia.org)
However, the composition of blood defers from CSF. (researchsquare.com)
Choroid plexus mis-splicing and altered cerebrospinal fluid composition in myotonic dystrophy type 1. (ufl.edu)

While there are relatively few studies examining epigenetically mediated mechanisms involved in visceral nociception, stress-induced visceral pain has been linked to alterations in DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns within the brain, leading to increased expression of pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters. (frontiersin.org)

Do benefits, and harms such as brain hemorrhage and edema, associated with use of the antiamyloid mAb, depend on characteristics of patients, treating clinicians, and settings? (cms.gov)
Many studies have shown the pre-analytical characteristics of CSF biomarkers. (researchsquare.com)
How to capture the molecular characteristics of the immune response in the brain will be described, using technologies that allow clarity at a single cell level. (neuroimmune.org)

HSPs, which ameliorate oxidative stress, calpains, which help in regulating synaptic plasticity, and calmodulin-like skin protein (CLSP) with its neuroprotective role are few promising future targets for developing anti-AD therapies. (benthamscience.com)

The proteins that form neurofilaments are members of the intermediate filament protein family, which is divided into six types based on their gene organization and protein structure. (wikipedia.org)
Bioinformatic analyses of differential proteins were performed included Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analysis. (jneuropsychiatry.org)
HFD ± NDEA caused T2DM, neurodegeneration with impairments in brain insulin, insulin receptor, IGF-2 receptor, or insulin receptor substrate gene expression, and reduced expression of tau and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which are regulated by insulin and IGF-1. (biomedcentral.com)
However, Parkinsons has been linked to some gene variants that affect how the immune system works, leading to an alternative theory that synuclein causes Parkinsons by triggering the immune system to attack the brain. (parkinsonsdaily.com)

2 In the blood, APOE protein could interact with lipids, resulting in lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). (dovepress.com)
The mechanism involves increased generation of ceramides and probably other toxic lipids in brain. (biomedcentral.com)

Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with LC-MS/MS were used to identify the differential proteins obtained from CSF and plasma of PNDK patients and healthy family members. (jneuropsychiatry.org)

Well it's within tissue in the extracellular space… we didn't really stick a probe only into the brain ventricles where the cerebrospinal fluid is in abundance. (dmtquest.org)

The five neurofilament proteins can co-assemble in different combinations in different nerve cell types and at different stages of development. (wikipedia.org)
Intercellular communication between vascular and nerve cells mediated by diffusible proteins has recently emerged as a critical intrinsic program for neural development. (biomedcentral.com)
B Vitamins are also important for immunity, nerve, and brain function, and much more. (vitality101.com)

Antibodies attack "normal" proteins found in the cellular nucleus. (lab-ally.com)

Finally, pro-ceramide genes, examined because ceramides cause insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, were significantly up-regulated by HFD and/or NDEA exposure, but the highest levels were generally present in brains of HFD+NDEA treated rats. (biomedcentral.com)

HIV infection in the CNS can be detected and monitored by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral load measurements. (medscape.com)

APOE plays multiple roles in the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein levels in the blood. (dovepress.com)

Type IV consists of the neurofilament proteins NF-L, NF-M, NF-H and α-internexin. (wikipedia.org)
This is due to the anomalous electrophoretic migration of these proteins and is particularly extreme for neurofilament proteins NF-M and NF-H due to their high content of charged amino acids and extensive phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
All three neurofilament triplet proteins contain long stretches of polypeptide sequence rich in glutamic acid and lysine residues, and NF-M and especially NF-H also contain multiple tandemly repeated serine phosphorylation sites. (wikipedia.org)
Like other intermediate filament proteins, the neurofilament proteins all share a common central alpha helical region, known as the rod domain because of its rod-like tertiary structure, flanked by amino terminal and carboxy terminal domains that are largely unstructured. (wikipedia.org)
The rod domains of two neurofilament proteins dimerize to form an alpha-helical coiled coil. (wikipedia.org)

Identification of biomarkers known to be associated with neurodegeneration in patients with PTSD would shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these disorders, and would also help in the development of preventive approaches aimed at reducing the risk of neurodegenerative disorders in PTSD. (preprints.org)

The last few decades were concentrated over identifying and studying protein targets of AD. (benthamscience.com)

The other proposed mechanisms include passage of cell-free virus into the brain and release of the virus from the infected endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the brain's ventricular system, caused by inadequate passage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from its production points within the ventricular system to its points of absorption into the systemic circulation [ 57 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The purpose of this study was to find and analyze the differentially expressed proteins between PNKD patients and their healthy family members with matched age and gender, thus providing potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of patients with PNKD. (jneuropsychiatry.org)
CALML5 and PDGFA in the CSF and ACTB in the plasma may take part in PNKD pathogenesis and act as the potential biomarkers for PNKD diagnosis. (jneuropsychiatry.org)
In this case, plasma, which contains thousands of proteins available for potential biomarker evaluation, offers a promising alternative choice for PNKD biomarker screening [ 12 ]. (jneuropsychiatry.org)
Generation of a novel SARS-CoV-2 sub-genomic RNA due to the R203K/G204R variant in nucleocapsid: homologous recombination has potential to change SARS-CoV-2 at both protein and RNA level. (ufl.edu)

The numbers of proteins that were differentially expressed between PNKD patients and their healthy family members were 42 in CSF and 57 in plasma respectively. (jneuropsychiatry.org)
The postsynaptic protein, synaptopodin (SYNPO) was significantly down-regulated in both DLB and PDD subgroups, suggesting a defective synaptic transmission in the demented patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and multiple sclerosis reduced in the plasma, platelets, erythrocytes, leucocytes andcerebrospinal fluid with changes in the unsaturated fatty acidcomposition of brain white matter in MS patients, much ofthis early work being undertaken at the National Hospital,Queen Square in London49 - 60. (chestervetclinic.com)
In 2005, the first-ever trial combining small molecular targeted agent known as bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody, with doublet chemotherapy, had shown superiority of overall survival with this treatment modality in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients without brain metastasis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The apparent molecular mass of each protein determined by SDS-PAGE is greater than the mass predicted from the amino sequence. (wikipedia.org)
The amino acid changes could alter the protein charge and stability, inducing distinct physiological functions. (dovepress.com)
The α-Syn protein is a small acidic synaptic protein made up of 140 amino acids with a tendency to misfold and aggregate [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

1 It is synthesized in various tissues in the body including the liver, brain, and skin and in macrophages. (dovepress.com)
HIV is thought to enter the brain via HIV-infected macrophages and lymphocytes. (medscape.com)

Fish protein binds more than 90% of the consumed methylmercury so tightly that even the most vigorous cooking methods (eg, deep-frying, boiling, baking, pan-frying) cannot remove it. (medscape.com)
METHODS: Venous or capillary blood was collected and either stored as plasma or whole blood at room temperature or 4°C. Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 levels were measured using a chemiluminescence sandwich immunoassay. (researchsquare.com)

Alternative splicing of MAPT pre-mRNA generates six major tau isoforms in the adult central nervous system resulting in tau proteins with three or four microtubule-binding repeat domains. (biomedcentral.com)

RESULTS: Aβ 40 , Aβ 42 and Aβ 42/40 levels significantly decreased during storage at room temperature in whole blood or plasma, starting at 6 hours after sampling. (researchsquare.com)
Exogenous steroid administration may cause transient increases in levels vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP), whereas extended use may reduce levels of vitamin A and metabolites in plasma and tissues. (interactionsguide.com)
It is also used for obesity, altitude sickness, aging skin, high levels of cholesterol or other fats in the blood, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these other uses. (medlineplus.gov)
Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth or by IV does not improve blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
Alpha-lipoic acid can decrease blood sugar levels. (medlineplus.gov)

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs4

Geographicals2

Alzheimer's8

Neurodegenerative diseases4

Amyloid5

Neuronal12

Neurons6

Glial2

Albumin1

Disease10

Parkinson's2

Viral proteins1

Clinical3

Pathogenic2

Dysfunction2

Neurological2

Proteomic3

Barrier3

Findings3

Therapeutic1

Pathological1

Pathways1

Concentrations3

Metabolism2

Composition5

Histone1

Characteristics3

Synaptic plasticity1

Gene4

Lipids2

ITRAQ1

Abundance1

Nerve3

Cellular1

Genes1

Infection1

ApoE1

Neurofilament5

Disorders1

Targets1

Passage2

Potential4

Patients4

Amino3

Macrophages2

Methods2

Central nervou1

Levels5