• Propagation of GntR regulog to Yersinia pestis biovar Medievalis str. (lbl.gov)
  • Y. pestis strains have historically been classified according to their ability to utilize glycerol and reduce nitrate and have been grouped into three main subtypes or biovars: antiqua, medievalis, and orientalis. (asm.org)
  • In contrast, isolates of the antiqua and medievalis biovars are generally limited to localized regions containing long-term plague foci from enzootic rodent hosts in Africa and central Asia. (asm.org)
  • Y. pestis comprises biotypes Antiqua, Medievalis, and Orientalis, recognized on the basis of the conversion of nitrate to nitrite and fermentation of glycerol. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 2 ] Three biovars (with minor genetic variations) have been identified within the Y pestis clone: Antiqua, Medievalis, and Orientalis. (medscape.com)
  • A comparison of four virulent Y. pestis strains with the human-avirulent strain 91001 provides further insight into the genetic basis of virulence to humans. (asm.org)
  • Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plagues, has undergone detailed study at the molecular level. (asm.org)
  • Isolates from the orientalis biovar have worldwide distribution due to spreading via steamship beginning 100 years ago. (asm.org)
  • We have now sequenced Y. pestis glp D gene in such remains, showing a 93-bp deletion specific for biotype Orientalis. (cdc.gov)
  • A 93-bp deletion from the Y. pestis glp D gene encoding the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase determines lack of glycerol fermentation of the Orientalis biotype ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Skeletons from a mass grave in Martigues, 1720-1721, yielded molecular evidence for the Yersinia pestis Orientalis biotype. (cdc.gov)
  • veronii Agrobacterium biovar 1, a synonym for Agrobacterium tumefaciens complex Agrobacterium biovar 2, a synonym for Agrobacterium rhizogenes Agrobacterium biovar 3, a synonym for Agrobacterium vitis Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis str. (wikipedia.org)
  • CI Bacillus thuringiensis biovar tenebrionis, a synonym for Bacillus thuringiensis serovar tenebrionis Bacillus cereus biovar toyoi, a synonym for Bacillus toyonensis Bacillus wiedmannii bv. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gram-negative bacillus Yersinia pestis causes the zoonotic infection plague . (oregonstate.education)
  • The disease is caused by the plague bacillus, rod-shaped bacteria referred to as Yersinia pestis . (medscape.com)
  • It can harbor fleas infected with Yersinia pestis, the plague bacillus. (medscape.com)
  • To further investigate the genomic diversity among this group and to help characterize lineages of the plague organism that have no sequenced members, we present here the genomes of two isolates of the "classical" antiqua biovar, strains Antiqua and Nepal516. (asm.org)
  • The results presented here clearly demonstrate the differences between the two biovar antiqua lineages and support the notion that grouping Y. pestis strains based strictly on the classical definition of biovars (predicated upon two biochemical assays) does not accurately reflect the phylogenetic relationships within this species. (asm.org)
  • This is a list of biovars and strains of biovars listed at the NCBI Taxonomy database: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus biovar anitratus, a homotypic synonym for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. (wikipedia.org)
  • A biovar is a variant prokaryotic strain that differs physiologically or biochemically from other strains in a particular species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibiotic therapy of plague is hampered by the recent isolation of Yersinia pestis strain resistant to all of antibiotics recommended for cure. (usf.edu)
  • Yersinia genomes had a similar global partition of protein functions, as measured by the distribution of Cluster of Orthologous Groups families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we describe the deployment of new sequencing technology to extensively sample eight genomes from the Yersinia genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 114 Y. pestis isolates were screened. (usf.edu)
  • A total of 270 isolates of Yersinia were identified from poultry and livestock ( n = 191), food ( n = 49), diarrhoea patients ( n = 13), rats ( n = 15), and hamsters ( n = 2). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Though both strains belong to one of the three classical biovars, they represent separate lineages defined by recent phylogenetic studies. (asm.org)
  • We found 453 single nucleotide polymorphisms in protein-coding regions, which were used to assess the evolutionary relationships of these Y. pestis strains. (asm.org)
  • The biovar caucasica strains from Transcaucasian highland (# 4-6) and Pre-Araks (# 7) plague foci also contained the N149 allele. (usf.edu)
  • Considering that representatives of biovar caucasica were reported to be the reason of sporadic cases of human plague, this study supports the necessity of additional testing of globally disseminated YopT (S149) isoform as a potential target for treatment of plague caused by the strains producing different YopT isoforms. (usf.edu)
  • Yersinia is named in honor of Alexander Yersin, who successfully isolated the bacteria in 1894 during the pandemic that began in China in the 1860s. (medscape.com)
  • Aerosolized Y pestis, causing primary pneumonic plague, has been recognized by bioterrorism experts as having one of the highest potentials as a bioterrorism agent due to its extremely high mortality, its high uptake into enzootic and epizootic animals as well as humans, and its ability to be spread over a large area. (medscape.com)
  • Pneumonic plague occurs when Y. pestis causes an infection of the lungs. (oregonstate.education)
  • Yersinia enterocolitica has been sporadically recovered from animals, foods, and human clinical samples in various regions of Ningxia, China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The disease is caused by a coccobacillus-shaped, gram negative bacterium referred to as Yersinia pestis . (medscape.com)
  • Y pestis is a nonmotile, pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacillus that is nonsporulating. (medscape.com)
  • However, there were no genomic data on the Yersinia species with more limited virulence potential, frequently found in soil and water environments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This work underscores the importance of the acquisition of horizontally transferred genes in the evolution of Y. pestis and points to virulence determinants that have been gained and lost on multiple occasions in the history of the genus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)
  • General Information: Specific virulence factors are encoded within pathogenicity islands (PAIs) that are required for the invasive phenotype associated with Yersinia infections. (up.ac.za)
  • It has been argued that each of the biovars was associated with one of the plague pandemics ( 14 , 20 , 34 ), and recent studies have tried to provide direct evidence of whether Y. pestis was associated with any of the historical pandemics ( 15 , 44 ). (asm.org)
  • Yersinia pestis DNA was recently detected in human remains from 2 ancient plague pandemics in France and Germany. (cdc.gov)
  • Following introduction into a human through flea bite [ 16 ], Y. pestis is engulfed by macrophages and taken to the regional lymph nodes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Y. pestis then escapes the macrophages and multiplies to cause a highly lethal bacteremia if untreated with antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like Y. pestis , the enteropathogenic Yersiniae can escape macrophages and multiply outside host cells, but unlike their more virulent cogener, they only usually cause self-limiting inflammatory diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • lupini Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus, a synonym for Brucella abortus Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus 2308, a synonym for Brucella abortus 2308 Brucella abortus bv. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4 Brucella melitensis biovar Canis, a synonym for Brucella canis Brucella melitensis biovar Melitensis Brucella melitensis bv. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3 Brucella melitensis biovar Neotomae, synonym for Brucella neotomae Brucella melitensis biovar Ovis, synonym for Brucella ovis Brucella melitensis biovar Suis, synonym for Brucella suis Brucella melitensis biovar Suis str. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rapid high-quality draft sequencing was used successfully to compare pathogenic and non-pathogenic members of the Yersinia genus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Yersinia pestis is an extremely pathogenic organism that requires very few numbers in order to cause disease, and is often lethal if left untreated. (up.ac.za)
  • Historically, Y. pestis has been responsible for several devastating pandemics, resulting in millions of deaths (see Micro Connections: The History of the Plague ). (oregonstate.education)
  • The causative agent, Yersinia pestis , primarily infects a wide range of rodents and is transmitted via flea vectors. (asm.org)
  • Eighteen teeth from 5 skeletons in Vienne, 13 teeth from 5 skeletons in Martigues, and 5 teeth from 3 skeletons in Marseille were processed for the search for Y. pestis DNA in the dental pulp. (cdc.gov)
  • One reason for plague's reemergence may be global warming, which is ideal for increasing the prevalence of Y pestis in the host population. (medscape.com)
  • Although human disease is rare, Y. pestis is dangerous and highly infectious and thus has been identified as having potential for use in bioterrorism or as a biological weapon. (asm.org)
  • Recently Y. pestis cysteine protease YopT has been explored as a potential drug target. (usf.edu)