Biosynthetic genes plant. Medical search. Frequent questions

So, we try to identify and discover pathways to these specialized metabolites that plants make. (sciencedaily.com)
A BGC is a group of genes located close together in the genome that are involved in the same metabolic pathways. (sciencedaily.com)
It can drive evolution of specialized metabolic pathways in the plant, leading to a vast diversity of interesting natural plant compounds. (sciencedaily.com)
The BGC cluster of the beautyberry plant contains genes that encode two distinct terpenoid pathways. (sciencedaily.com)
The discovery of these biosynthetic pathways relies on the genomic and transcriptomic, metabolomic information. (biomedcentral.com)
Such bioactive compounds are found at low concentration in their natural sources, so that dissecting their biosynthetic pathways is of value for their production through heterologous biosynthesis in engineered prokaryotic microbes and fungi, such as E. coli and yeast. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemical profile and analysis of biosynthetic pathways and genes of volatile terpenes in Pityopsis ruthii, a rare and endangered flowering plant. (mpg.de)
This information is highly beneficial for mining biosynthetic pathways for important metabolites in related species, said a 2014 study published by the CSIR scientists behind the exercise in BMC Genomics. (livemint.com)
However, the corresponding plant biosynthetic pathways have remained largely unknown despite the success of these steroid molecules in human medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
Furthermore, the expression of genes in certain phytohormone biosynthetic pathways were found to be modified in plants treated with L. elongata. (duke.edu)
A team of researchers led by Yi Shang and Sanwen Huang of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has examined the biosynthetic pathways responsible for cucurbitacins, which are also being investigated as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and laxative agents. (acs.org)
However, recent reports highlight the growing number of examples of gene clusters for specialized metabolic pathways in plants. (bath.ac.uk)
In a new study published in Nature Chemical Biology, an international team of researchers from the University of Georgia, USA, and the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany, presents a promising strategy for elucidating metabolic pathways for plant compounds of medicinal importance. (analytica-world.com)
In addition, gene expression of selected cultivars under drought stress in will be investigated to identify mechanisms of drought stress tolerance and changes in biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites in the young plant stage and in fruits. (orgprints.org)

This genetic resource will aid in isolating the celastrol biosynthetic genes as well as engineering the celastrol biosynthesis pathway. (techscience.com)
However, like many bacteria and plants, its metabolism does depend upon the type II fatty-acid synthesis (FAS) pathway for lipogenesis, whereas the predominant form of fatty-acid biosynthesis in humans is via the type I pathway. (rcsb.org)
HDR, the last enzyme in the MEP pathway, differently regulates isoprenoid biosynthesis in two woody plants. (mpg.de)
Four genes encoding enzymes operating late in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway are induced together during flower development but the early steps appear to be induced more rapidly. (cshl.edu)
The data presented here show that while four genes may share such a mechanism for the control of their expression during flower development, different control processes regulate the early steps of the pathway. (cshl.edu)
It is postulated that common signals induce the expression of genes in the pathway during flower development. (cshl.edu)
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena are investigating the previously largely unknown biosynthetic pathway that leads to the formation of cardenolides in plants. (sciencedaily.com)
Although the genes that encode carotenogenesis and flavonoids enzymes are well characterized, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that are related to the pathway genes remain to be investigated. (researchsquare.com)
Finally, a hierarchical model for the regulatory network among the pathway genes and TFs was proposed. (researchsquare.com)
In higher plants, the isomeric C5 isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) is synthesized in 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, and is used as the precursor of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) by GGPP synthase gene, GGPPS. (researchsquare.com)
By using single-cell analyses, the scientists were able to discover new genes important for biosynthesis and show that the intermediates of the metabolic pathway accumulate in specific cell types. (analytica-world.com)
As the analyses showed, the entire biosynthetic pathway for the alkaloid vinblastine is organized in three stages and three discrete cell types. (analytica-world.com)
The second stage of the biosynthetic pathway is expressed only in cells of the epidermis, the layer of cells that cover the leaves, and the last known steps of the biosynthetic pathway are expressed exclusively in idioblasts, a rare cell type of the leaf," Chenxin Li summarizes the results. (analytica-world.com)
In higher plants ABA is produced from an indirect pathway from the cleavage products of carotenoids. (techscience.com)
Rohan A. Patil, Martin E. Kolewe, Jennifer Normanly, Elsbeth L. Walker, Susan C. Roberts (2012) Contribution of taxane biosynthetic pathway gene expression to observed variability in paclitaxel accumulation in Taxus suspension cultures. (umass.edu)
When hepatic UROD activity falls below the critical threshold, porphyrin by-products of the heme biosynthetic pathway with 4-8 carboxyl group substituents are overproduced. (medscape.com)

Metabolites are an efficient way for plants to defend themselves because they can't run away. (sciencedaily.com)
Since 2016, Hamberger has been studying specialized metabolites in plants called terpenoids, which are essential in protecting plants from predators and pathogens and are also common ingredients in green and sustainable agrochemicals, antioxidants, cosmetics and fragrances. (sciencedaily.com)
Three of these metabolites are analogs of the plant alkaloid γ-coniceine. (nih.gov)
This work suggests that Pseudomonas and plants convergently evolved the ability to produce similar alkaloid metabolites that can mediate interbacterial competition in the rhizosphere. (nih.gov)
The medicinal and nutritional value of medicinal plants and fungi are generally represented by the accumulation of bioactive molecules that are in large part constituted by secondary metabolites with anti-cancer, hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent advances in our understanding of plant metabolism have highlighted the significance of specialized metabolites in the regulation of gene expression associated with biosynthetic networks. (purdue.edu)
The precise contribution of defence metabolites to plant immunity is often unclear and the genetics underlying their biosynthesis is complex. (elifesciences.org)
A wide range of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial or anti-insect properties has been identified in diverse plant species ( 25 - 27 ), suggesting that secondary metabolites can play a direct role in plant immunity. (elifesciences.org)
However, there are only few studies to date in plants that demonstrate a direct link between secondary metabolites and disease resistance ( 28 - 31 ). (elifesciences.org)
This will also facilitate identification of not-yet-identified genes involved in the synthesis of important secondary metabolites in this plant," said a press release issued by CSIR. (livemint.com)
The genome sequence and annotation of Basil provides new insights into the function of genes and the medicinal nature of the metabolites synthesized in this plant. (livemint.com)
Plants produce an impressive array of metabolites, including many medically valuable steroids. (sciencedaily.com)
Therefore, comparing information about the plants' genomes, in particular which genes are expressed in these two plants in relation to the formation of metabolites, was very helpful in identifying the enzymes involved in the formation of pregnenolone," says study leader Prashant Sonawane, who heads the project group "Steroidal Specialised Metabolism in Plants" in the Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition, the scientists did not even know where the metabolites of interest were accumulated in the different parts of plants. (sciencedaily.com)
Carotenoids and flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in plants, which exert multiple bioactivities and benefits to human health. (researchsquare.com)
More recently the interest shifted to the estrogenic metabolite Fusarium zearalenone (and its role in plants), and other Fusarium metabolites. (boku.ac.at)
With the availability of the genome sequence of Fusarium graminearum our focus is now on identification of new metabolites corresponding to the predicted secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes and the elucidation of the biochemical effects of such compounds. (boku.ac.at)
Physically linked clusters of genes that encode the enzymatic information for the synthesis of specialized metabolites are a well-established feature of microbial secondary metabolism. (bath.ac.uk)
In contrast, the biosynthesis of plant specialized metabolites has until recently been thought to be almost exclusively encoded by genes that are randomly scattered in the genome. (bath.ac.uk)
Plants are impressive in their diversity, but especially in the variety of metabolites they produce. (analytica-world.com)
The term omics refers to the fact that an entire collection of genes or metabolites is quantified and analyzed," says Lorenzo Caputi, head of the Alkaloid Biosynthesis Project Group in the Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis in Jena and one of the lead authors, explaining the methodological approach. (analytica-world.com)
Flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants. (bvsalud.org)
Polyphenols (PPs) are reactive metabolites abundant in plant derived foods, especially fruits, seeds and leaves. (bvsalud.org)
These PPs are reactive metabolites abundant in plant derived foods, particularly fruits, seeds and leaves and are characterized by the presence of several phenol groups, which derive from L-phenylalanine 8,37,4 . (bvsalud.org)

and for revealing potentially novel strategies in plant defense and genome maintenance. (osti.gov)
In the process of characterizing putative genes, the genome under study becomes increasingly well understood as more interactions can be identified. (wikipedia.org)
Genomic evolution occurs by processes such as duplication of individual genes, genome segments, or entire genomes. (wikipedia.org)
We are learning that the physical location of genes within the genome is important," Bryson said. (sciencedaily.com)
The gradual conversion from endosymbiont to organelle during the course of evolution has clearly been accompanied by a dramatic reduction in genome size as the chloroplasts lost most of their genes to the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
High transformation efficiency of citrus is of great importance for large scale characterization of gene functions and also cultivar development via transgenic and genome editing technologies. (springer.com)
Owing to its small genome (about 800 protein-coding genes), it relies on the host for many basic biosynthetic processes, hindering the identification of potential antipathogenic drug targets. (rcsb.org)
The availability of the genome sequence now opens the possibility of identifying genes involved in producing therapeutic molecules and to produce them in vitro (in the lab) according to CSIR. (livemint.com)
We needed to sequence the avocado genome to make the species accessible to modern genomic-assisted breeding efforts," says Luis Herrera-Estrella, President's Distinguished Professor of Plant Genomics at Texas Tech University, who conceived of the study and completed much of the work at LANGEBIO, where he is emeritus professor, prior to joining Texas Tech University. (buffalo.edu)
If you can identify the genes that control resistance, and if you know where they are in the genome, you can try to change their regulation. (buffalo.edu)
These research directions required the establishment of firm interdisciplinary collaborations with chemists and plant breeders, which was achieved by obtaining funding for a larger consortium from the Austrian genome programme GEN-AU (coordinator: G. Adam) The establishment of Fusarium genomics resources (e.g. (boku.ac.at)
Güldener U, Mannhaupt G, Münsterkötter M, Haase D, Oesterheld M, Stümpflen V, Mewes H-W, Adam G (2006) FGDB: a comprehensive fungal genome resource on the plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum . (boku.ac.at)
Here, we assemble a 3.11-Gb high-quality C. indicum genome with a contig N50 value of 4.39 Mb and annotate 50,606 protein-coding genes. (bvsalud.org)

The identification and functional characterization of 24 genes that are involved in iron homeostasis in A. fumigatus and/or Aspergillus nidulans , respectively, revealed significant insights into iron metabolism and its regulation (Table 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Comparing these datasets across different plants helped us to reduce the number of candidate genes for further characterization," explains Prashant Sonawane. (sciencedaily.com)
Lucyshyn D., Busch B.L., Abolmaali S., Steiner B., Chandler E., Sanjarian F., Mousavi A., Nicholson P., Buerstmayr H., Adam G. (2007) Cloning and characterization of the ribosomal protein L3 (RPL3) gene family from Triticum aestivum . (boku.ac.at)
Recent advances have been made in the of host factors, polymorphisms, and candidate genes associated characterization of the immune response to low-molecular- with occupational asthma may improve our understanding of weight agents. (cdc.gov)

Natural Product Biosynthesis by Microorganisms and Plants, Part A. Methods in Enzymology. (wikipedia.org)

Propelled by rapid advances in genomic technologies, recent studies with duckweed again highlight the potential of these small plants to enable discoveries in diverse fields from ecology to chronobiology. (osti.gov)
Identification of putative genes is necessary to study genomic evolution, as significant proportion of genomes make up larger families of related genes. (wikipedia.org)
To investigate adaptive evolution of FHB pathogens, we performed population-level analyses to characterize genomic structure, signatures of natural selection, and differences in gene content among isolates. (usda.gov)
However, functional annotation of population-differentiating genomic regions revealed numerous genes involved in host invasion, toxin production, and secondary metabolism, and implicated plant hosts, microbial competitors, and temperature and light as major drivers of adaptive divergence. (usda.gov)

A putative gene is a segment of DNA that is believed to be a gene. (wikipedia.org)
Putative genes can share sequence similarities to already characterized genes and thus can be inferred to share a similar function, yet the exact function of putative genes remains unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Newly identified sequences are considered putative gene candidates when homologs of those sequences are found to be associated with the phenotype of interest. (wikipedia.org)
Examples of studies involving putative genes include the discovery of 30 putative receptor genes found in rat vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the identification of 79 putative TATA boxes found in many plant genomes. (wikipedia.org)
In order to define and characterize a biosynthetic gene cluster, all the putative genes within said cluster must first be identified and their functions must be characterized. (wikipedia.org)
DNA mutations outside of a putative gene can act by positional effect, in which they alter the gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Putative genes can be identified by clustering large groups of sequences by patterns and arranging by mutual similarity or can be inferred by potential TATA boxes. (wikipedia.org)
Putative genes can also be identified by recognizing differences between well-known gene clusters and gene clusters with a unique profiling. (wikipedia.org)
Software tools have been developed in order to automatically identify putative genes. (wikipedia.org)
Protein products can be identified and used to characterize the putative gene that codes for it. (wikipedia.org)
Conclusion: Sequence analysis of the PCR products from B. cereus SPV revealed the sequence of the putative biosynthetic genes, and possible regions involved in substrate binding. (westminster.ac.uk)
Predicting functions of putative fungal sesquiterpene synthase genes based on multiomics data analysis. (mpg.de)

In collaboration with Melvin Bolton (USDA, Fargo) we used bioinformatics to infer the evolutionary history of toxin biosynthetic gene clusters in the sugarbeet pathogen Cercospora beticola . (uu.nl)
Subsequent trait-based analyses revealed numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) overrepresented in the endophytic bacterial families of plants under pathogen attack, including BGCs involved in signal transduction, extracellular enzyme and secondary metabolite production. (apsnet.org)
Numerous gene clusters that encode for the biosynthesis of different classes of metabolite have now been discovered in a variety of plant species. (bath.ac.uk)
Comparison of these characterized clusters now enables us to begin to define their salient features and to exploit plant biosynthetic gene clusters for synthetic biology applications. (bath.ac.uk)

Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ABA treatment around véraison resulted in the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes responsible for both general flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. (scirp.org)

Here, we generated transgenic tomato plants by overexpressing Dwarf , a BR biosynthetic gene that encodes the CYP85A1, and compared the photosynthetic capacity with the BR biosynthetic mutant d im and wild type. (biomedcentral.com)
The maize homeobox gene knotted1 ( kn1 ) encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor (Hake et al. (springer.com)
Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Potato Cdna That Encodes Branching Enzyme - Evidence for Coexpression of Starch Biosynthetic Genes. (mpg.de)
The cyp51A gene encodes the target of azoles, lanosterol sistance in A. fumigatus is an emerging problem and may 14-demethylase, and this enzyme catalyzes a step in the develop during azole therapy. (cdc.gov)

Another challenge to using transgenic plant technology in citrus is the long juvenile phase of immature tissues that ranges from 5 to 20 years, which greatly delays analysis of the effects of candidate genes. (springer.com)
We identified the candidate genes involved in cardenolide biosynthesis by comparative analysis of the two plant species. (sciencedaily.com)
The tissue-specific localization of the cardenolides was crucial for using the genetic data sets in a way that allowed the selection of 13 candidate genes. (sciencedaily.com)

All of the virulence-associated genes are transcriptionally upregulated during iron starvation and encode functions that are important for survival during iron starvation, which emphasizes the crucial role of adaptation to iron starvation in virulence. (frontiersin.org)

Microbial Cell Factories invites you to read our collection featuring Microbial synthesis of natural products originating from medicinal plants and fungi . (biomedcentral.com)
As a postdoc at the VIB Plant Systems Biology department, I studied the genomes of plant pathogenic fungi. (uu.nl)
L-HDH is a homodimeric zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the last two steps in L-histidine biosynthesis, and it is found in microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi and in plants but not in mammals (2). (ispub.com)
While previous studies have gained valuable insights into the underlying genetics facilitating plant-fungal interactions, these have largely been skewed towards certain fungal clades (e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi). (duke.edu)
Several different phyla of fungi have been shown to positively impact plant growth rates, including Mortierellaceae fungi. (duke.edu)

Abstract: Polyamines are plant growth regulators that have been previously associated to plantresponses to abiotic stress. (iobc-wprs.org)

A genetic screen in P. koreensis identified a previously uncharacterized biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the inhibitory activity. (nih.gov)

Photosynthesis is the fundamental basis for the biomass accumulation in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
Alterations in the expression of genes involved in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and inactivation results in increased and decreased biomass accumulation, respectively, which is positively correlated with the photosynthetic rates at the whole plant level [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A survey of agricultural technologies influencing the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds in crop plants is presented, including observations on the effects of light, temperature, mineral nutrition, water management, grafting, elevated atmospheric CO 2 , growth and differentiation of the plant and application of elicitors, stimulating agents and plant activators. (mdpi.com)
In this study, Cara cara navel orange fruit at four development stages were used to identify the key genes and TFs for carotenoids and flavonoids accumulation. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, 15/15 candidate TFs might regulate at least three key genes and contribute to carotenoids/flavonoids accumulation in CNO fruit. (researchsquare.com)
Collectively, our results suggest that DXS1 , DXR , GGPPS2 , PSY1 and LCYB genes were the most important genes for carotenoids accumulation, while PAL-1 , PAL-4 , 4CL-2 , 4CL-5 , CHS-1 and CHI for flavonoids biosynthesis. (researchsquare.com)
The accumulation of endogenous ABA levels in plants is a dynamic balance controlled by the processes of biosynthesis and catabolism, through the regulation of key ABA biosynthetic gene and enzyme activities. (techscience.com)

This review details the anatomy, development, physiology, and molecular characteristics of the Lemnaceae to introduce them to the broader plant research community. (osti.gov)
IMPORTANCE The microbiomes of plants are critical to host physiology and development. (nih.gov)
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a series of significant physiology roles in higher plants including but not limited to promote bud and seed dormancy, accelerate foliage fall, induce stomatal closure, inhibit growth and enhance resistance. (techscience.com)
This is to elucidate the specific mechanism of response and biosynthesis, signal transduction, and receptor recognition of ABA in fruit, employing comprehensive research methods, such as molecular biology, plant physiology and molecular genetics. (techscience.com)
At Forschungszentrum Juelich, IBG-4 (2821OE37), under the supervision of Dr. Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg, suitable methods will be developed for non-invasive phenotyping of growth, morphology and physiology of the plants, as well as methods for determining quality-influencing factors for breeding processes. (orgprints.org)
Plant Physiology 175:1254. (umass.edu)

Differential gene expression analysis identified a number of root-specific CYP genes. (techscience.com)
Our results demonstrate that expression of the kn1 gene enhances transformation efficiencies from 3 to 15 fold compared to a control vector, 3-11 fold relative to the highest transformation efficiencies reported for these citrus genotypes. (springer.com)
This study reports a 22-bp nucleotide insertion-deletion (indel) genetic polymorphism that may be causally related to the control of gene expression of the fatty acid desaturases, enzymes that control the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from 18-carbon PUFA. (fatsoflife.com)
None of these small polymorphisms can be clearly assigned to changes in the amino acid sequence of the FADS enzymes, and are believed to mostly influence the regulation of gene expression. (fatsoflife.com)
This genetic variant, termed an indel (insertion/deletion mutation), was found to influence the regulation of the expression levels of both FADS-1 and FADS-2 in a cellular system, with the minor allele in Japanese people being associated with lower expression of the FADS-1 and FADS-2 genes. (fatsoflife.com)
We used root cell-type specific gene expression analysis following beneficial bacterium application to uncover a role for root hairs and the endodermis in establishing an optimal plant-beneficial bacterium association. (uu.nl)
A Truncated Version of an Adp-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Promoter from Potato Specifies Guard Cell-Selective Expression in Transgenic Plants. (mpg.de)
Inhibition of the Adp-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase in Transgenic Potatoes Leads to Sugar-Storing Tubers and Influences Tuber Formation and Expression of Tuber Storage Protein Genes. (mpg.de)
Temporal And Spatial Control Of Expression Of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes In Developing Flowers Of Antirrhinum majus. (cshl.edu)
The co-ordination of expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes was studied in developing flowers. (cshl.edu)
Co-ordination of expression could imply a common regulatory mechanism controlling the expression of metabolically related genes. (cshl.edu)
Spatially, gene expression is patterned across the flower and appears to be very similar for all the biosynthetic genes. (cshl.edu)
However, the observed influence of the regulatory gene Delila shows that the spatial co-ordination of gene expression must involve more than one regulatory system. (cshl.edu)
Delila itself appears to have a dual function, being required for activation of expression of the later genes in the flower tube but repressing chalcone synthase gene expression in the mesophyll of the corolla lobes. (cshl.edu)
The data presented here suggest that the same regulatory mechanism interprets these signals for four of the genes encoding the later biosynthetic enzymes, but that different or modified mechanisms interpret the signals to control expression of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase genes in Antirrhinum flowers. (cshl.edu)
In order to enhance berry coloration of bright-red grape cultivars, the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) treatment on the quantity and composition of anthocyanins as well as the expression of genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis in the berry were examined. (scirp.org)
Notably, the presence of Mollicutes- or Burkholderia-related endosymbionts in Linnemannia did not impact the expression of genes in Arabidopsis or overall growth rates. (duke.edu)
The effects of PTE on osteoclast differentiation and the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins were determined. (researchgate.net)
Additionally, PTE efficaciously suppressed the expression of key osteoclast-specific genes and proteins. (researchgate.net)
A working hypothesis that explains current observations is that OPT3 and YSL1/YSL3 together modulate phloem companion cell Fe status, and that low concentrations of Fe in the companion cells results in the production of a phloem mobile signal that initiates iron deficiency regulated gene expression in roots. (umass.edu)
The project scientists have established the presence of a phloem-mobile inductive RNA signal that is capable of inducing iron deficiency associated gene expression in excised roots. (umass.edu)
Because a simple assay system for the phloem mobile signal has been developed, profiling experiments coupled with downstream genetic analyses will be used to identify the phloem mobile signal produced in iron deficient leaves that regulates root gene expression. (umass.edu)
Results: In the present study, we first characterized essential functional genes for sex pheromone biosynthesis in the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker) by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana , including two desaturase genes CsupYPAQ and CsupKPSE and a reductase gene CsupFAR2. (lu.se)
We finally added the expression of a yeast acetyltransferase gene ATF1 and could then confirm also (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate release from the plant. (lu.se)
1] The increased oxidative stress associated with all of these factors has been shown to reduce hepatic expression of the gene encoding hepcidin, a regulator of iron absorption and metabolism, thus increasing iron absorption and iron overload. (medscape.com)
8] Accumulating porphyrins in hepatocytes may then further down-regulate hepcidin gene expression. (medscape.com)

Here I studied the role and evolution of fungal effectors during plant pathogenesis under the supervision of Prof. Pierre de Wit and Dr. Bart Thomma (current chair Phytopathology Wageningen UR). (uu.nl)
However, the extent of the plant growth promotion (PGP) phenotype(s), their underlying mechanism(s), and the impact of bacterial endosymbionts on fungal-plant interactions remain poorly understood for Mortierellaceae. (duke.edu)
The role of these endobacteria on facilitating fungal-plant associations, including potentially further promoting plant growth, remains completely unexplored. (duke.edu)
We measured Arabidopsis aerial growth at early and late life stages, seed production, and used mRNA sequencing to characterize differentially expressed plant genes in response to fungal inoculation with and without bacterial endosymbionts. (duke.edu)
Together, these results indicate that beneficial plant growth promotion and seed mass impacts of L. elongata on Arabidopsis are likely driven by plant hormone and defense transcription responses after plant-fungal contact, and that plant phenotypic and transcriptional responses are independent of whether the fungal symbiont is colonized by Mollicutes or Burkholderia-related endohyphal bacteria. (duke.edu)
Metagenomic analyses showed a significant enrichment of Chitinophagaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae families in the endosphere of plants challenged with the fungal pathogen. (apsnet.org)

Hamberger worked with Robin Buell, a former MSU genomics researcher now at the University of Georgia, who sequenced several mint plant genomes. (sciencedaily.com)
Since the species studied are not model plants whose genomes have been sequenced and for which many gene functions are known, the project was initially something of a "black box" for the researchers, as they had no existing data sets or standard methods to fall back on. (sciencedaily.com)

It has a large biosynthetic gene cluster. (sciencedaily.com)
The strongest signals of selective sweeps were observed at the trichothecene biosynthetic gene cluster. (usda.gov)
We identified a widespread gene cluster in several Pseudomonas spp. (nih.gov)
Positive Selection of an Indel Polymorphism in the FADS Gene Cluster May be Driving Long-Chain PUFA Biosynthetic Capacity in Specific Human Populations. (fatsoflife.com)
Studies on polymorphisms found in one cluster of closely-located genes coding for fatty acid desaturases (FADS), enzymes that play an important role in the biosynthesis of both omega-6 and omega-3 LCPUFA, are providing an interesting perspective on the interaction between traditional diets and the population genetic history of humans. (fatsoflife.com)
Several SNPs located in the FADS gene cluster are now known to be related to changes in risk for complex and chronic diseases. (fatsoflife.com)

Computational analyses successively led to the identification of the race 1-specific gene Ave1 . (uu.nl)

The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
Mutations in the nvasive aspergillosis in immunosuppressed patients is open reading frame of the cyp51A gene can result in struc- difficult to diagnose, is problematic to treat, and results tural alterations to the enzyme, which in turn may inhibit in a high mortality rate ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Building on established community resources, duckweed is reemerging as a platform to study plant processes at the systems level and to translate knowledge gained for field deployment to address some of society's pressing needs. (osti.gov)
Together with Dr. Giannis Stringlis we study the role of plant processes in plant-beneficial root microbiome assembly. (uu.nl)

Outlines are given for genetic engineering and plant breeding. (mdpi.com)
The effects of a maize knotted1 ( kn1) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter on genetic transformation efficiencies of six citrus genotypes were tested. (springer.com)
With all six genotypes of citrus tested including Eureka lemon, a cultivar difficult to be transformed, our results demonstrate that the kn1 gene may provide an effective molecular tool to enhance genetic transformation efficiencies of various citrus varieties. (springer.com)
On the other hand, transgenic plants produced from mature tissue via genetic transformation can drastically shorten flowering and fruiting time and thus speed up field evaluation studies. (springer.com)
We use microbial synthetic communities built from different environments and host plants to identify the genetic traits underlying host specificity in Arabidopsis, Barley and Lotus. (uu.nl)
The research also provides vital reference material for learning about the function of individual avocado genes, and for using genetic engineering to boost productivity of avocado trees, improve disease resistance and create fruit with new tastes and textures. (buffalo.edu)
We can learn from the plant how this compound is produced and use this knowledge to develop production systems that are more cost-effective, scalable and sustainable," said first author Chenxin Li of the University of Georgia's Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, describing the research goal. (analytica-world.com)

Chloroplast biogenesis and function is essential for proper plant embryo and seed development but the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of plastids during embryogenesis are poorly understood. (frontiersin.org)
This opinion article focuses on the molecular mechanisms of small-molecule-mediated feedback regulation at the transcriptional level and its potential modes of action, including metabolite signal perception, the nature of the sensor, and the signaling transduction mechanisms leading to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, based on evidence available from plants and other kingdoms of life. (purdue.edu)
Further research on the biosynthesis of plant defence compounds in different tissues, their toxicity, and the mechanisms for detoxification, can aid the effective use of such compounds to improve sustainability of our food production. (elifesciences.org)
We use microbial genetics, microbiome metagenomics, computational modelling and molecular plant biology to identify microbial rhizosphere competence and root microbiome traits that affect rhizosphere competence of plant probiotics and the mechanisms through which root exudates affect plant-beneficial microbe interactions. (uu.nl)
Previously the model systems S. cerevisiae and Arabidopsis have been utilized to study resistance mechanisms of plants against toxins of the class of trichothecenes (e.g. the Fusarium metabolite deoxynivalenol), such as target alterations (amino-acid changes in ribosomal protein L3) and detoxification (by UDP-glucosyltransferases and acetyltransferases). (boku.ac.at)
Elsbeth Walker's main area of research focuses on understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying iron homeostasis in plants, which can set the foundation for increasing available iron in food crops. (umass.edu)

Formation of toxin-glucosides is an important detoxification mechanism in plants, but potentially leads to formation of masked mycotoxins. (boku.ac.at)

These alterations leave the transcription unit and promoter of the gene intact, but may involve distal promoters, enhancer/silencer elements, or the local chromatin environment. (wikipedia.org)
one includes structural genes encoding enzymes that directly participate in the formation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids, and the other comprises regulatory genes controlling the transcription of structural genes. (scirp.org)
Interestingly, cucumber, melon, and watermelon plants continue to make the defensive compounds in other parts of the plant, such as roots, leaves, and stems, using other transcription factors: It's a useful workaround to satisfy their human masters, while maintaining some armor. (acs.org)
The transcripts of five carotenogenesis genes were highly correlated with lycopene contents, and 16, 40, 48, 24 and 18 transcription factors (TFs) were predicted to potentially bind their promoters, respectively. (researchsquare.com)

Ying Li , Natalia Dudareva, and Erich Grotewold (Michigan State University) recently published a review paper entitled " Enough is enough: feedback control of specialized metabolism " in Trends in Plant Science. (purdue.edu)
Approaches to Influence Partitioning and Metabolism of Carbohydrates in Transgenic Plants. (mpg.de)
Nuetzmann, H-W & Osbourn, A 2014, ' Gene clustering in plant specialized metabolism ', Current Opinion in Biotechnology , vol. 26, pp. 91-9. (bath.ac.uk)

The antibacterial activity against bacterial plant pathogens and its relationships with the presence of the cyclic lipopeptide (cLP) biosynthetic genes ituC (iturin), bmyB (bacillomycin), fenD (fengycin) and srfAA (surfactin), and their corresponding antimicrobial peptide products have been studied in a collection of 64 strains of Bacillus spp. (udg.edu)
The antibacterial activity was very frequent and generally intense among the collection of strains because 75% of the isolates were active against at least 6 of the 8 bacterial plant pathogens tested. (udg.edu)
These are human health and plant resistance to pathogens and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. (mdpi.com)
Plants expend significant resources to select and maintain rhizosphere communities that benefit their growth and protect them from pathogens. (nih.gov)
Although natural defence compounds produced by plants have the potential to provide a general protective effect against pathogens and pests, they are not a primary target in resistance breeding. (elifesciences.org)
Harnessing the plant microbiome has the potential to improve agricultural yields and protect plants against pathogens and/or abiotic stresses, while also relieving economic and environmental costs of crop production. (duke.edu)

The plants had a fair amount of flavonoids and variable levels of cytotoxicity. (who.int)

A primary challenge in biology is to explain how complex phenotypes arise from individual molecules encoded in genes. (imsc.res.in)
Our goal was therefore to understand how plants synthesize these highly complex molecules from predicted but simple precursors," explains first author Maritta Kunert. (sciencedaily.com)
Many plant natural products are highly complex molecules, such as the alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine, which are produced by the Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus . (analytica-world.com)
Researchers are very interested in finding out which individual biosynthetic steps are required to form the complex molecules. (analytica-world.com)

1 Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. (nih.gov)
10 Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA [email protected] [email protected]. (nih.gov)
The discovery of genes involved in pectin biosynthesis is a field that has only recently begun to sprout. (or.jp)

We suggest that the development of this response mechanism in motile algae may have been an important step in the evolution of terrestrial plants and that its retention therein strongly implicates ABA in the regulation of their relevant tropisms. (nature.com)
Nitrogen Regulation of Blue Light-Inducible Genes in Neurospora-Crassa. (mpg.de)

The identifications of BR biosynthetic and signaling mutants have dissected the roles of BRs as plant hormones and paved the way for revealing the mechanism of BR signaling [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Elucidating the biosynthesis mechanism of pectin, a functional bio-polymer for plant development. (or.jp)
However, because pectin is the structurally most complexed, its biosynthetic mechanism remains a mystery. (or.jp)

While no effective HLB control methods or HLB resistance citrus cultivars have been commercialized, transgenic plant technologies have been recognized as a powerful tool to control the HLB disease. (springer.com)
Plants with innate disease and pest resistance can contribute to more sustainable agriculture. (elifesciences.org)
We cloned two atypical resistance genes that can provide complete resistance to Alternaria solani and Colorado potato beetle through the production of tetraose steroidal glycoalkaloids. (elifesciences.org)
Monogenic resistance caused by dominant resistance ( R ) genes, typically encoding immune receptors that belong to the class of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), are successfully employed by plant breeders to develop varieties with strong qualitative disease resistance. (elifesciences.org)
Alternatively, susceptibility ( S ) genes provide recessive resistance that can be both broad-spectrum and durable ( 22 - 24 ). (elifesciences.org)
In tomato, resistance towards race 1 isolates of V. dahliae is governed by Ve1 , and we undertook an innovative next-generation sequencing approach to identify the corresponding avirulence gene. (uu.nl)
In order to better understand the roles of polyamine in plant resistance, a fast analyticalmethod for underivatized polyamines has been developed. (iobc-wprs.org)
Clinical or epidemiologic breakpoints/cutoffs have not cross-resistance pattern, identified mutations in the cyp51A been declared by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards In- gene, and investigated any epidemiologic links between re- stitute (CLSI) or EUCAST for azoles and Aspergillus spp. (cdc.gov)

Their tiny size, rapid growth by clonal propagation, and facile uptake of labeled compounds from the media were attractive features that made them a well-known model for plant biology from 1950 to 1990. (osti.gov)
The advent of synthetic biology opens an alternative avenue to produce celastrol with the prerequisite that genes coding for all the enzymes involved in celastrol biosynthesis are available. (techscience.com)
Together with Prof. Guido van den Ackerveken (Plant-Microbe Interactions and Translational Plant Biology) and Dr. Michael Seidl (Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics) and spinach breeders across the Netherlands we investigate the evolution of spinach downy mildew virulence with an emphasis on effector. (uu.nl)
Together with PhD candidates Petros Skiadas at TBB and Melanie Mendel at Plant-Microbe Interactions and Translational Plant Biology. (uu.nl)
A Step-by-Step Protocol for COMPASS, a Synthetic Biology Tool for Combinatorial Gene Assembly. (mpg.de)
Current Opinion in Plant Biology 14(3):318-24. (umass.edu)

This study clarifies the role of transferases in flavonoid diversity and provides important gene elements essential for producing rare flavone. (bvsalud.org)
The ethanolic extracts of the plant were examined for the presence of bioactive components and their total flavonoid content, with focusing on quercetin detection using thin layer bioautography (TLB) and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) for cytotoxicity. (who.int)

For example, our resident gut microbial community, or gut microbiome, provides us with a variety of biochemical capabilities not encoded in our genes. (imsc.res.in)

Leaf-Specific Antisense Inhibition of Starch Biosynthesis in Transgenic Potato Plants Leads to an Increase in Photoassimilate Export from Source Leaves During the Light Period. (mpg.de)

This work demonstrated that the antagonistic capacity of plant-associated Bacillusagainst plant pathogenic bacteria is related to the presence of cLP genes and to the production of the corresponding cLPs, and it is mainly associated to the species B. subtilisand B. amyloliquefaciens. (udg.edu)
Currently, the common way to prepare celastrol is direct extraction of wild plant resources, which has endangered the continuation of the wild plant species and has brought adverse effects on the environment. (techscience.com)
However, the occurrence of polpunonic acid (friedelin 29-carboxylic acid) in several plant species of Celastraceae (e.g. (techscience.com)
One major limitation associated with existing protocols when used on economically important citrus species is likely low plant regeneration frequencies. (springer.com)
In addition to foxglove Digitalis purpurea , the research team also studied another plant species, the rubber tree Calotropis procera . (sciencedaily.com)
The avocado belongs to a relatively small group of plants called magnoliids, which diverged from other flowering plant species about 150 million years ago. (buffalo.edu)

Ancient origin and conserved gene function in terpene pheromone and defense evolution of stink bugs and hemipteran insects. (mpg.de)
Conclusions: Our results pave the way for stable transformation of plants to be used as biological pheromone sources in different pest control strategies. (lu.se)

Many molecular components involved in plant cell wall polymer synthesis have been identified, but it remains largely unknown how these molecular players function together to define the length and decoration pattern of a polysaccharide. (mdpi.com)
On the other hand, the gene expressions of enzymes involved in proanthocyanidin synthesis were drastically decreased at véraison and remained extremely low even with ABA treatment. (scirp.org)

The prin2.2 and csp41b-2 single mutants displayed pale phenotypes, abnormal chloroplasts with reduced transcript levels of photosynthesis genes and defects in embryo development. (frontiersin.org)
ABA loss of function mutants exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes and simply applying ABA to plants induces an immediate stress response. (nature.com)

The most frequent antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes were bmyB, srfAAand fenD (34-50% of isolates). (udg.edu)
In plants, antimicrobial immune responses involve the cellular release of anions and are responsible for the closure of stomatal pores. (elifesciences.org)

BGCs are well known in the bacterial world but their role in plants is not fully understood. (sciencedaily.com)

Plant sterols are structurally similar to cholesterol except for substitutions at the C24 position on the sterol side-chain. (medscape.com)

Interest in duckweed has steadily regained momentum over the past decade, driven in part by the growing need to identify alternative plants from traditional agricultural crops that can help tackle urgent societal challenges, such as climate change and rapid population expansion. (osti.gov)
To achieve this, PCR was used to identify the polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthetic genes in B. cereus SPV. (westminster.ac.uk)
Online academic literature searches were done on the cited plants to identify the already-exploited anticancer plants. (who.int)

One (CiCOMT10) of the tandemly repeated O-methyltransferase genes undergoes neofunctionalization, preferentially transferring the methyl group to the 4'-hydroxyl group of luteolin with ortho-substituents to form diosmetin. (bvsalud.org)
The liver preferentially excretes plant sterols over cholesterol. (medscape.com)
These ABC transporters preferentially pump plant sterols out of intestinal cells into the gut lumen and out of liver cells into the bile ducts, thereby decreasing sterol absorption. (medscape.com)

ABA also exists in the aquatic algal progenitors of land plants, but other than its involvement in stress responses, its physiological role in these microorganisms remains elusive. (nature.com)
Coumarins, also known as benzopyrones, are present in remarkable amounts in plants, although their presence has also been detected in microorganisms and animal sources. (benthamscience.com)

Researchers have found that these plants have diversified their specialized natural characteristics through the evolution of their chemistry, which could lead to potential future applications that range from medicine to pesticide production. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers predict that this methodological approach will provide important new insights into the biosynthesis of many other natural products from the plant kingdom. (analytica-world.com)

Unfortunately, their recessive nature complicates the use of S genes in conventional breeding of autopolyploids and many mutated S genes come with pleiotropic effects. (elifesciences.org)

We show here that PLASTID REDOX INSENSITIVE 2 (PRIN2) and CHLOROPLAST STEM-LOOP BINDING PROTEIN 41 kDa (CSP41b), two proteins identified in plastid nucleoid preparations, are essential for proper plant embryo development. (frontiersin.org)
Subsequently, her group investigated the related family of proteins, YELLOW STRIPE1-LIKEs (YSLs), and demonstrated their involvement in the long distance movement of metals in plants. (umass.edu)
Sitosterolemia has been shown to result from mutations in either of the genes for 2 proteins ( ABCG5 or ABCG8 ). (medscape.com)

Inactivation of 10 of the 19 A. fumigatus genes caused defects in virulence. (frontiersin.org)

He had found out in experiments that taking extracts of the plant increased the flow of urine in sick people, thus treating water retention in the body. (sciencedaily.com)

If you have an interesting tree that looks like it's good at resisting fungus, you can go in and look for genes that are particularly active in this avocado. (buffalo.edu)

Plant breeders typically focus on immune receptors or impaired susceptibility genes to develop resistant crops, but these can present challenges in terms of strength, durability or pleotropic effects. (elifesciences.org)

Leaf tissues of basil were collected from the experimental farm at the CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants based in Lucknow. (livemint.com)
Medicinal plants used by traditional medical practitioners (TMP) to treat cancers are considered safe when used alone or combined with conventional therapy to ensure their effectiveness and eliminate the toxic effects of orthodox medicines. (who.int)
Using cytotoxic and antioxidant studies, the study attempted to assess some of the commonly used medicinal plants used to cure cancer among Yoruba people in Ogun, Oyo, Osun, and Lagos (South-West, Nigeria). (who.int)

Anatomy21

Organisms52

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture13

Information Science4

Health Care4

Pathways14

Pathway16

Metabolites24

Genome13

Characterization4

Natural Product Biosynthesis1

Genomic4

Putative12

Clusters4

Upregulation of genes1

Encodes4

Candidate genes3

Encode1

Fungi5

Abstract1

Inhibitory Activity1

Accumulation7

Physiology6

Expression26

Fungal6

Genomes2

Cluster6

Analyses1

Enzyme2

Processes2

Genetic7

Mechanisms6

Toxin1

Transcription4

Metabolism3

Pathogens6

Flavonoids1

Molecules4

Discovery3

Regulation2

Mechanism3

Resistance8

Biology6

Flavonoid2

Microbiome1

Transgenic1

Species6

Pheromone2

Synthesis2

Mutants2

Antimicrobial2

Bacterial1

Structurally1

Identify3

Preferentially3

Microorganisms2

Researchers2

Pleiotropic1

Proteins3

Defects1

Extracts of the plant1

Fungus1

Immune1

Medicinal3