PathwaySterolCatabolismProteinsPathwaysGlycolysisEnzymesNucleotideGenesIntermediary MetabolismDropletNucleicInborn errors ofFatty Acid MetabMembranesTranscriptional RegulationEtherDietaryHepaticCellular metabolismSynthesisInflammationPhosphatidate PhosphataseCytokinesFructose metabolismRegulation of glucoseDisordersBranched-chaiProstaglandinRolesDropletsMitochondrialSugar MetabolismGeneticProteinKinaseAccumulationMechanismsNitrogenDegradationMoleculesMembraneSignalingEnzymeMolecularCatabolicImmunityMutations
Pathway5
- Lipins are cytosolic phosphatidate phosphatases (PAPs) involved in the glycerolipid biosynthesis pathway. (aocs.org)
- and energetic and intermediary metabolism (glycolysis, proton motive force generation, pentose phosphate pathway, lipid metabolism, and biosynthesis of nucleotides and cofactors). (creation.com)
- NSDHL promotes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis through the TGFβ signaling pathway and cholesterol biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
- Collectively, these landmark discoveries provided initial insight into the COX pathway of arachidonate metabolism. (medscape.com)
- Skrede S, Björkhem I, Buchmann MS, Hopen G, Fausa O. A novel pathway for biosynthesis of cholestanol with 7 alpha-hydroxylated C27-steroids as intermediates, and its importance for the accumulation of cholestanol in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. (medscape.com)
Sterol2
- Similar to SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, SREBP-2 acts by first binding to sterol regulatory DNA sequences, and subsequently up-regulating the synthesis of enzymes involved in sterol biosynthesis. (novusbio.com)
- Frontal lobe dementia with abnormal cholesterol metabolism and heterozygous mutation in sterol 27-hydroxylase gene (CYP27). (medscape.com)
Catabolism2
- The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Specifically, the course aims to address questions around catabolism and anabolism, i.e. general principles for metabolism of intermediate products and energy. (lu.se)
Proteins8
- This course will cover the structure and function of different biological molecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. (uaeu.ac.ae)
- full chapters devoted to the major metabolic pathways of the main classes of biomolecules - lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleotides, and secondary metabolites. (nhbs.com)
- Eukaryotic lipid and fatty acid metabolism remains a critical challenge for studies at the atomic, molecular and cellular scale: In contrast to simple prokaryotic systems, fatty acid metabolism in eukaryotes builds upon large multienzymes, which integrate multiple catalytic activities into giant proteins. (unibas.ch)
- Later steps of lipid metabolism are occurring in membrane space and rely on membrane-integral or -associated proteins. (unibas.ch)
- PCTP-like protein (STARD10) is a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain proteins that are implicated in lipid transport, metabolism, and signaling. (reactome.org)
- While parts of them may be similar to the proteins reportedly involved in solvent stress response in other Gram-positive bacteria, significant role of proline in the proline-glutamate-arginine metabolism was substantiated. (biomedcentral.com)
- START domain-containing proteins (STARDs) are responsible for lipid metabolism. (medsci.org)
- Membrane proteins must be threaded co-translocationally into the lipid bilayer to become membrane-integrated, often with complex topologies and typically form hetero- or homo- oligomers. (stanford.edu)
Pathways7
- The results showed that immunity and metabolism-related pathways (neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways) were significantly enriched at both 24h and 48h. (frontiersin.org)
- Labeling of Trypanosoma brucei cell cultures with 50% uniformly 13C-labeled glucose demonstrated incorporation of glucose-derived carbon into 187 of 588 putatively identified metabolites in diverse pathways including carbohydrate, nucleotide, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. (acs.org)
- Labeling patterns confirmed the metabolic pathways responsible for the biosynthesis of many detected metabolites, and labeling was detected in unexpected metabolites, including two higher sugar phosphates annotated as octulose phosphate and nonulose phosphate. (acs.org)
- Disruption of the particular genes in proline biosynthesis pathways clarified the essential role of the anabolic ProB-ProA-ProI system over the osmoadaptive ProH-ProA-ProJ system for cellular protection in response to butanol exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze a wide range of genes involved in liver development, cell stress, lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms throughout embryogenesis in mule ducks to better understand the ontogeny of pathways related to liver fattening. (biomedcentral.com)
- Describe the key features of cellular metabolism, including central catabolic and anabolic pathways. (manchester.ac.uk)
- Here, we focus on newly uncovered pathways, involving either the cyclooxygenases (COXs) or nonenzymatic chemical transformations, that lead to the formation of bioactive prostanoids and of previously unknown lipid mediators produced by COX-2. (jci.org)
Glycolysis2
- These genes increase oxygen availability by inducing erythropoiesis and angiogenesis, and also reduce its demand via regulation of energy metabolism by reducing oxidative phosphorylation and inducing non-oxygen-demanding glycolysis [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. (springer.com)
- long-term regulation of glucose utilisation, enzyme-level control of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, links to fatty acid metabolism, glycogen turnover, sugar interconversions and the citric acid cycle. (manchester.ac.uk)
Enzymes2
- Lipid biosynthesis is essential for cell viability and bacterial fatty acid synthetic enzymes have been suggested as antibiotic targets. (csun.edu)
- Chronic high glucose dramatically influences β-cell lipid metabolism via substrate availability, changes in the activity and expression of enzymes of glucose and lipid metabolism, and modifications in the expression level of key transcription factors. (diabetesjournals.org)
Nucleotide2
- Major downstream targets include fatty acid and lipid metabolism, protein and nucleotide biosynthesis. (unibas.ch)
- Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)
Genes4
- The expression of immunity and metabolism-related genes (BS2A1, PIWIL2 and Fads1) significantly decreased at all-time points compared to the control group. (frontiersin.org)
- Interestingly, most mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism are overexpressed after hatching (FASN, SCD1, ACOX1), whereas genes implicated in carbohydrate metabolism (HK1, GAPDH, GLUT1) and development (HGF, IGF, FGFR2) are predominantly overexpressed from E12 to E20. (biomedcentral.com)
- Interestingly, carbohydrate-related genes appear to be highly expressed at the start of kinetics, while most lipid-related genes are overexpress after hatching, revealing greater sensitivity to the food transition that occurs at this stage. (biomedcentral.com)
- These regulators include canonical genes that control lipid metabolism as well as genes involved in ubiquitination, transcription, and mitochondrial function. (stanford.edu)
Intermediary Metabolism1
- The intermediary metabolism of small molecules is the meat and potatoes of cell function. (cshlpress.com)
Droplet2
- Parallel CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify mechanisms of PLIN2 and lipid droplet regulation. (stanford.edu)
- Despite the key roles of perilipin-2 (PLIN2) in governing lipid droplet (LD) metabolism, the mechanisms that regulate PLIN2 levels remain incompletely understood. (stanford.edu)
Nucleic1
- control of protein turnover, nitrogen handling, links to nucleic acid metabolism, amino acid oxidation, integration with citric acid cycle. (manchester.ac.uk)
Inborn errors of1
- Biochemical genetic testing and newborn screening are essential laboratory services for the screening, detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of inborn errors of metabolism or inherited metabolic disorders. (cdc.gov)
Fatty Acid Metab1
- Impaired lipid and fatty acid metabolism plays a considerable role in the pathogenesis of major threats to human health, including type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis and cancer. (unibas.ch)
Membranes2
- STARD10 is thought to function as a dual specificity lipid transfer protein capable of shuttling phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine between membranes. (reactome.org)
- All biological membranes contain enantiomerically pure lipids in modern bacteria, eukarya and archaea. (mdpi.com)
Transcriptional Regulation1
- Despite well-known roles of lipin-1 in lipid biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation, the pathogenic mechanisms leading to rhabdomyolysis remain unknown. (nih.gov)
Ether4
- This enzyme participates in ether lipid metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- Remarkably, no alk-1-enyl ether lipids (plasmalogens) were present in Romboutsia as distinct from bacteria of the related genus Clostridium in which these ether lipids are common. (duke.edu)
- Whether ether and plasmalogen PC and PE metabolism in placenta impacts transfer to the fetus is unexplored. (bvsalud.org)
- We examined these lipid species in maternal and fetal circulation and in placental tissue to uncover potential novel roles for ether and plasmalogen lipids in the regulation of placenta delivery of these vital nutrients in pregnancies complicated by obesity depending of fetal sex. (bvsalud.org)
Dietary2
- Patients with steatosis have low microbial gene richness and increased genetic potential for the processing of dietary lipids and endotoxin biosynthesis (notably from Proteobacteria), hepatic inflammation and dysregulation of aromatic and branched-chain amino acid metabolism. (nature.com)
- Reduction of total cholesterols (TC) and LDL-C by dietary alterations and medications that affect lipid metabolism [ 14 ] is found to reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis in animals and clinical cardiovascular events in human [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hepatic4
- In this study, we find that blocking FSH reduces serum cholesterol via inhibiting hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. (nature.com)
- post-menopausal women with a higher serum FSH (≥78.3 IU/L) had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than those with relatively lower FSH levels (40-78.3 IU/L), and ovariectomized mice had higher serum FSH and lipid levels and reduced hepatic LDL receptor expression. (nature.com)
- Petersen, M. C., Vatner, D. F. & Shulman, G. I. Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in health and disease. (nature.com)
- This study proposes to describe the basal hepatic metabolism at the level of mRNA in mule duck embryos in order to reveal potential interesting programming windows in the context of foie gras production. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular metabolism4
- To provide students with an understanding of the essential features of cellular metabolism, and the mechanisms through which metabolism is controlled. (manchester.ac.uk)
- Explain how different control mechanisms may be integrated to coordinate cellular metabolism, with reference to specific examples. (manchester.ac.uk)
- reflect on scientific issues in biochemistry and cellular metabolism from a social and ethical perspective, · reflect on learning, individually and in groups, as well as on the own contribution to constructive feedback in order to improve the work of the group. (lu.se)
- The course covers basics of biochemistry and cellular metabolism. (lu.se)
Synthesis1
- Out of the three isoforms present (SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c and SREBP-2), SREBP-2 has been implicated more directly in the synthesis of cholesterol during metabolism. (novusbio.com)
Inflammation1
- Lipids are an important source of natural chemical diversity and contribute to signaling, trafficking and inflammation. (unibas.ch)
Phosphatidate Phosphatase1
- The enzyme that catalyzes dephosphorylation of phosphatidate is called phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP), or lipin, and this is an important branch point in glycerolipid biosynthesis. (aocs.org)
Cytokines1
- Our data suggest that the pathogenic mechanism of rhabdomyolysis in lipin-1-deficient patients combines the predisposing constitutive impairment of lipid metabolism and its exacerbation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. (nih.gov)
Fructose metabolism1
- HIF-P4H-2 inhibition enhances intestinal fructose metabolism protecting the liver. (springer.com)
Regulation of glucose1
- Saltiel, A. R. & Kahn, C. R. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. (nature.com)
Disorders2
- Hyperlipidemia comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by high levels in one or more lipids and/or lipoproteins [atherogenic free fatty acids (FA), triglycerides (TG) (hypertriglyceridemia), small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (hypercholesterolemia), and apolipoprotein (apo) B], and/or low level in antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), in the circulation [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
- These lipid disorders may occur in primary (inherited) [ 5 - 7 ] or secondary form [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Branched-chai1
- We demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplants and chronic treatment with phenylacetic acid, a microbial product of aromatic amino acid metabolism, successfully trigger steatosis and branched-chain amino acid metabolism. (nature.com)
Prostaglandin2
- He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
- However, the physiologic significance of prostaglandin production did not unfold until 1971, when Vane, Smith, and Willis discovered that aspirin and indomethacin inhibited prostaglandin biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
Roles2
- Our lab studies the roles of lipid biosynthesis in this process, using pharmacological, genetic, and molecular approaches. (csun.edu)
- Other important lipids, the plasmalogen phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are considered DHA reservoirs, but its roles in the maternal-fetal unit are largely unexplored. (bvsalud.org)
Droplets1
- Here we show that primary myoblasts from lipin-1-deficient patients exhibit a dramatic decrease in LPIN1 expression and phosphatidic acid phosphatase 1 activity, and a significant accumulation of lipid droplets (LD). (nih.gov)
Mitochondrial1
- Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: a defect in mitochondrial 26-hydroxylation required for normal biosynthesis of cholic acid. (medscape.com)
Sugar Metabolism1
- starch/sugar metabolism and fermentation for biofuels, storage lipid biosynthesis: regulation and applications. (manchester.ac.uk)
Genetic1
- Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare genetic disorder of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism that results in systemic and neurologic abnormalities. (medscape.com)
Protein3
- The protein encoded by this gene is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
- Combining experimental structural studies with functional analysis, we elucidate fundamental principles of multienzyme architecture & regulation and the role of protein assemblies for spatial organization of metabolism. (unibas.ch)
- Its lipid transfer activity is negatively regulated by casein kinase, a serine/threonine-protein kinase which phosphorylates STARD10 on a serine residue at position 284 (Olayioye et al. (reactome.org)
Kinase1
- Two key focus areas of our research with outstanding relevance for human health are the mTOR kinase, the central regulator of cellular growth and proliferation, and fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis. (unibas.ch)
Accumulation1
- This effect, in turn, results in the upregulation of SREBP-2 , which drives HMGCR nascent transcription and de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, leading to the increase of cholesterol accumulation. (nature.com)
Mechanisms1
- This review summarizes the recent experimental and clinical results of nine representative single Chinese herbs and seven classic TCM formulae that could improve lipid profiles so as to help understand and compare their underlying mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
Nitrogen2
- Nitrogen and Sulfur Metabolism 9. (routledge.com)
- Her research interests are Plastid metabolism and the interrelationships between carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. (routledge.com)
Degradation1
- 16- Biosynthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides. (books-express.ro)
Molecules1
- Either stereo reactants or stereo catalysis from achiral or chiral molecules are a prerequisite to obtain pure enantiomeric lipid derivatives. (mdpi.com)
Membrane1
- Once cleaved from the lipid membrane by the action of phospholipases they can circulate into various bodily fluids and eventually be excreted. (bvsalud.org)
Signaling2
- Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
- Metabolism in eukaryotic cells is tightly regulated in response to nutrient and energy availability as well as growth factor signaling for coordination of metabolism across organs and organism. (unibas.ch)
Enzyme1
- We found upregulation of the key fructose transporter and metabolizing enzyme mRNAs, Slc2a2 , Khka , and Khkc , and higher ketohexokinase activity in the Hif-p4h-2 gt/gt small intestine relative to the WT, suggesting enhanced metabolism of fructose in the former. (springer.com)
Molecular1
- Molecular modifications to increase gene dosage for proline biosynthesis as well as for glutamate acquisition enhanced butanol tolerance of B. subtilis 168 up to 1.8% (vol/vol) under the conditions tested. (biomedcentral.com)
Catabolic1
- The mTORCs integrate multiple input signals from nutrient levels, cellular energy state and external growth factors for the control of anabolic vs. catabolic metabolism, proliferation and growth as well as cytoskeletal dynamics and cell survival. (unibas.ch)
Immunity2
- In recent research, new functions for the SREBP family have offered insight on the effect of lipid metabolism on various pathophysiological diseases (cancers, steatosis and immunity, PMID: 22154484). (novusbio.com)
- These results suggested that impaired immunity and depressed metabolism under cold stress may be the main cause of the massive cold-stress mortality of M. mutica . (frontiersin.org)
Mutations1
- Mutations in this gene are associated with CHILD syndrome, which is a X-linked dominant disorder of lipid metabolism with disturbed cholesterol biosynthesis, and typically lethal in males. (nih.gov)