• Subclass of complex lasso proteins are Lasso peptides in which the loop is formed by post-translational amide bridge. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most of the complex lasso proteins have a disulfide-based loop, however, the amide-based (lasso peptides) and ester-based complex lasso proteins are known. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our structural, mutational and mechanistic studies expand the scope of modifications catalyzed by YcaO proteins to include peptide hydrolysis and provide evidence for a unifying mechanism for the catalytically diverse outcomes. (illinois.edu)
  • The enzymes that degrade proteins to peptides for presentation on MHC class II molecules are poorly understood. (nih.gov)
  • Peptides derived from sequence of cell surface proteins, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), LHRH, Bombesin, and LFA-1, have shown potent binding affinity to the target cell surface receptors. (biosyn.com)
  • Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides,2 poly-Arg peptides), 3,4 proteins (e.g., antibodies,5 transport proteins, and transferrin6), and small molecules (e.g., folate7) have been used to selectively direct drugs to cancer cells with upregulated receptors by forming drug-carrier conjugates (Fig. 1). (biosyn.com)
  • GAG biosynthesis is initiated by peptide O-xylosyltransferases, which transfer xylose onto selected serine residues in the core proteins. (rcsb.org)
  • The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS. (umassmed.edu)
  • The lysergyl peptides have also been analyzed in immuno-precipitin assays as to their structural relationship to the immunoglobulin molecule or other cellular proteins. (erowid.org)
  • Results suggest that LSD interferes with the de nova biosynthesis of several cellular proteins in the lymphocyte and is not specific to the immunoglobulin molecule. (erowid.org)
  • The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. (nih.gov)
  • The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation ( TRANSLATION, GENETIC ). (nih.gov)
  • This technique has frequently been applied to animal tissue slices for the purpose to map proteins, peptides , lipids, sugars or small metabolites to find disease specific bio-markers or to study drag metabolism. (go.jp)
  • Valinomycin is a nonribosomal peptide that was discovered from Streptomyces in 1955. (tu-berlin.de)
  • Indanomycin is biosynthesized by a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthase/polyketide synthase (NRPS/PKS) followed by a number of `tailoring' steps to form the two ring systems that are present in the mature product. (iucr.org)
  • Natural products classed as polyketides, nonribosomal peptides and hybrids of both are often biosynthesized by giant, complex enzymes known as polyketide synthases (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). (iucr.org)
  • Colistin can be biosynthesized by a multienzyme nonribosomal peptide synthetase system (NRPS) in Paenibacillus polymyxa [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Zheng, Y & Nair, SK 2023, ' YcaO-mediated ATP-dependent peptidase activity in ribosomal peptide biosynthesis ', Nature chemical biology , vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 111-119. (illinois.edu)
  • Both linear and cyclic peptides have been explored as trafficking moiety due to ease of synthesis, structural simplicity, and low probability of undesirable immunogenicity. (biosyn.com)
  • The synthesis of the peptide stem of bacterial peptidoglycan involves four enzymes, the Mur ligases (MurC, D, E and F). Among them, MurD is responsible for the ATP-dependent addition of d -glutamic acid to UDP-MurNAc- l -Ala, a reaction which involves acyl-phosphate and tetrahedral intermediates. (degruyter.com)
  • Like most enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, MurD constitutes an attractive target for the design and synthesis of new antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • Using patch-clamp electrophysiology in brain slices prepared from male rats, we reveal that opioid withdrawal abruptly reduces the ability of these peptides to inhibit neurotransmission, a direct consequence of a protein kinase A (PKA)-driven increase in the synaptic activity of peptidases. (jneurosci.org)
  • Each hormone peptide has its own class B type G-protein coupled receptor 19 , 21 functioning along identical receptor activating schemes (Fig. 1c ). (nature.com)
  • It has been determined that colistin biosynthesis is negatively regulated by AbrB, a DNA-binding protein, by directly binding to the upstream region of pmxA [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Protein Biosynthesis" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Protein Biosynthesis" by people in this website by year, and whether "Protein Biosynthesis" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Protein Biosynthesis" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • In order to study the mode of action of drugs of mammalian protein biosynthesis, lysergyl containing peptides have been obtained from rabbit immune lymphocytes and murine plasma cytoma cells incubated in vitro in the presence of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). (erowid.org)
  • Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules. (nih.gov)
  • Carrier Protein Mediated Formation of the Dihydropyridazinone Ring in Actinopyridazinone Biosynthesis. (go.jp)
  • Delivery methods for peptide and protein toxins in insect control. (cdc.gov)
  • However, while protein/peptide-based biopesticides continue to have limitations, advances in the technology, particularly of genetically modified organisms as biopesticidal delivery systems, has continually progressed. (cdc.gov)
  • Although many research papers have been published on valinomycin, there has not yet been a comprehensive review that summarizes the diverse studies ranging from structural characterization, biogenesis, and bioactivity to the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters and heterologous biosynthesis. (tu-berlin.de)
  • Finally, we describe the valinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster and reconstituted biosynthesis of valinomycin. (tu-berlin.de)
  • We further demonstrate the utility of CFB to rapidly generate and characterize multisite precursor peptide variants to evaluate the substrate tolerance of the biosynthetic pathway. (illinois.edu)
  • In the first chapter, we give a short review of the biosynthesis of polyketides, focusing on those which exhibit new biosynthetic features. (unl.edu)
  • In the thesis, we demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo production of the polyene tetramate, providing direct evidence for this highly unusual iterative polyketide biosynthetic mechanism that is likely general for this type of hybrid polyketide-peptides. (unl.edu)
  • We also investigated four oxidoreductase (OX1-4) genes in the HSAF biosynthetic gene cluster, to define the minimal gene cluster required for HSAF biosynthesis. (unl.edu)
  • however, the discovery, isolation, and characterization of lasso peptides are constrained by the lack of an efficient production system. (illinois.edu)
  • Biochemical characterization of Bacillus subtilis type II isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, and phylogenetic distribution of isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways. (mpg.de)
  • In particular, in case of lasso peptides, the motif allows to act like a plug for specific NTP-uptake channels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lasso Peptides. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lasso peptides are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products that display a unique lariat-like, threaded conformation. (illinois.edu)
  • Owing to a locked three-dimensional structure, lasso peptides can be unusually stable toward heat and proteolytic degradation. (illinois.edu)
  • Some lasso peptides have been shown to bind human cell-surface receptors and exhibit anticancer properties, while others display antibacterial or antiviral activities. (illinois.edu)
  • We report the successful use of CFB for the formation of an array of sequence-diverse lasso peptides that include known examples as well as a new predicted lasso peptide from Thermobifida halotolerans. (illinois.edu)
  • By evaluating more than 1000 randomly chosen variants, we show that the lasso-forming cyclase from the fusilassin pathway is capable of producing millions of sequence-diverse lasso peptides via CFB. (illinois.edu)
  • The diversity in size and sequence of orbitides suggests that the corresponding macrocyclases may be ideal catalysts for production of cyclic peptides. (canada.ca)
  • Structural basis of CTP-dependent peptide bond formation in coenzyme A biosynthesis catalyzed by Escherichia coli PPC synthetase. (mpg.de)
  • Orbitides are plant ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) of various sizes and topologies, several of which are shown to be biologically active. (canada.ca)
  • Here we demonstrate that, in the biosynthesis of the bis-methyloxazolic alkaloid muscoride A, the YcaO enzyme MusD carries out both ATP-dependent cyclodehydration and peptide bond cleavage, which is a mechanism unprecedented for such a reaction. (illinois.edu)
  • Systematic analyses have revealed that physicochemical properties of the drug-peptide conjugates and their mechanism of receptor-mediated cellular internalization are important controlling factors for developing a successful targeting system. (biosyn.com)
  • Finally, combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) modelling of the IdmH reaction shows that the active site of the enzyme provides an appropriate environment to promote indane-ring formation, supporting the assignment of IdmH as the key Diels-Alderase catalysing the final step in the biosynthesis of indanomycin through a similar mechanism to other recently characterized Diels-Alderases involved in polyketide-tailoring reactions. (iucr.org)
  • So far, colistin has been best characterized with respect to its structure and biosynthesis, antibacterial mechanism and bacterial resistance, and toxicity and derivatives. (hindawi.com)
  • Biosynthesis of riboflavin in archaea studies on the mechanism of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase of Methanococcus jannaschii. (mpg.de)
  • The mechanism for activating and introducing the 3-hydroxy fatty acid chain into the peptide is unclear. (unl.edu)
  • We are studying the biosynthesis mechanism of sulfur-modification and its regulation mechanisms in order to develop new drugs. (go.jp)
  • Major genomic deletions in independent eukaryotic lineages have led to repeated ancestral loss of biosynthesis pathways for nine of the twenty canonical amino acids. (elifesciences.org)
  • Previous studies have highlighted that EAA biosynthesis tends to be more energetically costly, raising the possibility that these pathways were lost from organisms with access to abundant EAAs. (elifesciences.org)
  • We designed codon-optimized biosynthesis pathways based on genes mined from Escherichia coli . (elifesciences.org)
  • Whole genome sequencing across the tree of life has revealed the surprising observation that nine essential amino acid (EAA) biosynthesis pathways are missing from the metazoan lineage ( Payne and Loomis, 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • YcaO enzymes catalyze ATP-dependent post-translation modifications on peptides, including the installation of (ox/thi)azoline, thioamide and/or amidine moieties. (illinois.edu)
  • Enzymes that can catalyze the macrocyclization of linear peptide substrates have long been sought for the production of libraries of structurally diverse scaffolds via combinatorial gene assembly as well as to afford rapid in vivo screening methods. (canada.ca)
  • For more than 30 years, his main research interests have been the functional and structural study of the enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the determination of the structure of peptidoglycan from certain bacterial species, and the search for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors that could act as antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • Most interestingly, the genetic feature of HSAF biosynthesis suggests that the same polyketide synthase (PKS) module acts not only iteratively, but also separately. (unl.edu)
  • Ag presentation was evaluated using T cell hybridoma assays as well as mass spectroscopic analysis of peptides eluted from MHC class II molecules. (nih.gov)
  • This result suggests that these cysteinal proteases participate in Ag processing and generate qualitative and quantitative differences in the peptide repertoires displayed by MHC class II molecules. (nih.gov)
  • The approaches and results presented here will serve as a guide to systematically approach targeted delivery of cytotoxic drug molecules using peptides for treatment of several diseases. (biosyn.com)
  • Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of promising antibiotic molecules as they present broad action spectrum, potent activity, and do not easily induce resistance. (frontiersin.org)
  • 13 C-tracing verified de novo biosynthesis of valine and further revealed build-up of pathway intermediate 2,3-dihydroxy-3-isovalerate. (elifesciences.org)
  • For more than 15 years he has been involved in discovery of inhibitors of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis as potential antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • Notably, PCY1 uses an unusual strategy in which the cleaved C-terminal follower peptide from the substrate stabilizes the enzyme in a productive conformation to facilitate macrocyclization of the N-terminal fragment. (canada.ca)
  • As a result, the expression of genes directly involved in colistin biosynthesis and secretion increased, indicating that at the transcriptional level spo0A and abrB played opposite roles in regulating colistin biosynthesis in P. polymyxa . (hindawi.com)
  • Taken together, our data demonstrated that starch instead of glucose can promote colistin production probably by affecting the expression of colistin biosynthesis-related genes, as well as reducing the repression of glucose to a secondary metabolic product. (hindawi.com)
  • The results indicated that replacement of glucose by starch stimulated colistin production and biosynthesis rate. (hindawi.com)
  • 2] The patient is instructed to fast, and plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide levels are measured every 6 hours until the plasma glucose level is less than 65 mg/dL, after which the testing frequency is increased to every 1-2 hours. (medscape.com)
  • Serotonergic biosynthesis in the endocrine pancreas, of which the islets of Langerhans is the major constituent, has been implicated in insulin release and β cell proliferation. (snmjournals.org)
  • Insulin is a peptide hormone that is secreted from beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. (medscape.com)
  • It delays the onset of type 1 diabetes and improves C-peptide, but it didn't get everyone off insulin. (medscape.com)
  • Effects of insulin and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide on the kidney proteome in db/db mice. (lu.se)
  • The 3.1-Å-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structure of MusD along with biochemical analysis allow identification of residues that enable peptide cleavage reaction. (illinois.edu)
  • We determine nine polymorphic crystal structures of the APR segments of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2, and exendin and its derivatives. (nature.com)
  • Pyoverdin contains ornithine derivatives as part of the peptide backbone important for iron chelation. (ku.edu)
  • The phosphopantetheinyl transferase (Sfp) encoded by sfp is important for colistin biosynthesis due to its activation function on NRPS [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • There were no differences in C-peptide at 3 months or in A1c at any time point. (medscape.com)
  • This review is focused on understanding the factors involved in the development of an effective drug-peptide conjugate with an emphasis on the chemistry and biology of the conjugates. (biosyn.com)
  • Structure of 2C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase involved in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis of isoprenoids. (mpg.de)
  • Moreover, peptides derived from ICAM-1 receptor can be internalized by the leukemic T-cells along with the conjugated moiety offering the promise to selectively treat cancers and autoimmune diseases. (biosyn.com)
  • Interestingly, we found that the majority of peptides are presented regardless of CL or CS expression, although these proteases often alter the relative levels of the peptides. (nih.gov)
  • These data lay a firm foundation for the creation of large lasso peptide libraries using CFB to identify new variants with unique properties. (illinois.edu)
  • He is director of research at CNRS and, since 2001, is the head of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics which, for more than 30 years, has been studying the biochemistry, genetics and physiology of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway as a whole. (degruyter.com)
  • We have determined crystal structures of human xylosyltransferase 1 (XT1) in complex with the sugar donor, UDP-xylose, and various acceptor peptides. (rcsb.org)
  • Reported results on several promising drug-peptide conjugates have been critically evaluated. (biosyn.com)