Genes and genomes are stable, and except for rare, random mutations, are passed on unchanged to the next generation. (i-sis.org.uk)
Genes and genomes cannot be changed directly in response to the environment. (i-sis.org.uk)
Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus , the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
Multicellular organisms2
The fossil record includes a progression from early biogenic graphite to microbial mat fossils to fossilised multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells ). (wikipedia.org)
Evolution4
The Giardia lamblia vsp gene repertoire: characteristics, genomic organization, and evolution. (mbl.edu)
Evolution occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection (including sexual selection) and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. (wikipedia.org)
The theory of evolution by natural selection was conceived independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century as an explanation for why organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environments. (wikipedia.org)
Evolution in organisms occurs through changes in heritable characteristics-the inherited characteristics of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
Characteristics2
As the proteins catalyze all the biochemical reactions in our body, the implication is that the genes ultimately control and determine all the characteristics of the organism. (i-sis.org.uk)
Heritable characteristics are passed from one generation to the next via DNA, a molecule that encodes genetic information. (wikipedia.org)
Phenotype1
The complete set of observable traits that make up the structure and behaviour of an organism is called its phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
Biological1
Indeed, indicators of microbial water quality can be the pathogenic organisms themselves, other microorganisms, or other physical or chemical aspects of the aquatic environment (see Chapter 4 for further information), and any biological indicator is subject to evolutionary and ecological changes. (nationalacademies.org)
Promote genetic2
It is nevertheless still perpetrated by the academic establishment, if only because it serves so well to promote genetic engineering, a technology that has the potential to destroy all life on earth. (i-sis.org.uk)
Are there environmental conditions that promote genetic exchange or the acquisition of genetic elements that confer selective advantage under clinical conditions? (nationalacademies.org)
Occurs1
Environmental influence, if it occurs, can be neatly sorted from the genetic. (i-sis.org.uk)
Microbial1
The interactions between pathogens and their hosts involve complex and diverse processes at the genetic, biochemical, phenotypic, population, and community levels, while the distribution and abundance of microorganisms in nature and their microbial processes are affected by both biotic and abiotic factors that act at different scales. (nationalacademies.org)
Patterns1
In unknown hydrogeological systems, the differentiation between total, anthropogenic, and geogenic Gd by interpolating rare earth element patterns requires complex sample pre-treatment and pre-concentration. (univie.ac.at)
Biology1
Up to the late 1960s and early 1970s, biology was dominated by the double helix of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the genetic material, which got Watson, Crick and Wilkins the Nobel prize. (i-sis.org.uk)
Determine1
Genes determine characters in a straightforward, additive way: one gene-one protein, and by implication, one character. (i-sis.org.uk)
DNA is faithfully transcribed into a complementary strand of RNA (ribonucleic acid), which is, in turn, translated into a protein with a specific amino-acid sequence. (i-sis.org.uk)
Within cells, each long strand of DNA is called a chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Material2
The Central Dogma formalizes the four basic assumptions of genetic determinism and give them material substance. (i-sis.org.uk)
Inherited traits are controlled by genes and the complete set of genes within an organism's genome (genetic material) is called its genotype. (wikipedia.org)
Environmental2
Phylogenetic affiliations of mesopelagic acantharia and acantharian-like environmental 18S rRNA genes off the southern California coast. (mbl.edu)
So, there is supposed to be a Weismann's barrier forbidding environmental influences from changing the genes directly, especially in the germ cells that give rise to the next generation. (i-sis.org.uk)
Natural selection1
These assumptions fit neatly with the dominant neo-Darwinian theory, which says that all of marvelous life on earth evolved, and is still evolving essentially by the natural selection of random genetic mutations. (i-sis.org.uk)
Similar2
Morphological and biochemical traits tend to be more similar among species that share a more recent common ancestor, which historically was used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, although direct comparison of genetic sequences is a more common method today. (wikipedia.org)
The sequence of bases along a particular DNA molecule specifies the genetic information, in a manner similar to a sequence of letters spelling out a sentence. (wikipedia.org)
Cells1
Before a cell divides, the DNA is copied, so that each of the resulting two cells will inherit the DNA sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Change1
Is the residence time of a pathogen sufficient to allow genetic exchange or change to occur? (nationalacademies.org)
Flow1
Genetic information is strictly linear, and goes in one direction, from DNA to RNA to protein, and no reverse information flow is allowed. (i-sis.org.uk)
Types1
DNA is a long biopolymer composed of four types of bases. (wikipedia.org)
Generation2
Complementary base-pairing between the strands of the double helix enables the DNA to be faithfully copied, and passed on unchanged generation after generation. (i-sis.org.uk)
In this synthesis the basis for heredity is in DNA molecules that pass information from generation to generation. (wikipedia.org)
Sequences4
Morphological and biochemical traits tend to be more similar among species that share a more recent common ancestor, which historically was used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, although direct comparison of genetic sequences is a more common method today. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, using a phylogenetic approach integrating 16S rRNA sequences assigned to Methylomirabilota in this study with those from a public database, we argued that CSP1-5 public sequences might be misclassified as Methylomirabilaceae (the methanotrophic clade) and, therefore, the role of these organisms and the methanol cycling could also be neglected in other environments. (bvsalud.org)
Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences revealed that strains KMM 9713 and KMM 9724T were close to each other and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 91.28% with the type strain Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale DSM 15997T and 90.15-90.92% with the members of the genus Empedobacter in the family Weeksellaceae. (bvsalud.org)
Humans1
The oxygen is given off into the air, where it is available to other organisms including humans. (studylib.net)
Molecules1
In this synthesis the basis for heredity is in DNA molecules that pass information from generation to generation. (wikipedia.org)
Genome3
Inherited traits are controlled by genes and the complete set of genes within an organism's genome (genetic material) is called its genotype. (wikipedia.org)
The DNA G+C contents of 34.5% and 34.7% were calculated from genome sequence of the strains KMM 9713 and KMM 9724T, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized Genome", doi:10.1126/science.1190719, p52-56 v329, Science , 2 Jul (online 20 May) 2010. (panspermia.org)
Bacteria2
Green plants (and some bacteria) are the only organisms that can directly capture the sun's energy and change it into a form that other organisms can use. (studylib.net)
The results suggest that ingested bacteria may have provided a valuable genetic resource for gut microbes throughout human history. (panspermia.org)
Abstract1
Heidi Ledford, "A genetic gift for sushi eaters" [ abstract ], doi:10.1038/news.2010.169, Nature , online 7 Apr 2010. (panspermia.org)
Structure1
The complete set of observable traits that make up the structure and behaviour of an organism is called its phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
Life2
Also, Bada now believes that DNA-based life appeared about a billion years after Earth formed, and he is sure that amino acids in meteorites were produced by pre-biotic chemistry. (panspermia.org)
Intelligent life beyond Earth may have left an encoded message in DNA. (panspermia.org)
Found2
In the bosque, the cottonwoods and other plants 1 trap the sunlight energy and provide it in a form usable by the entire collection of other organisms found there. (studylib.net)
Eighty-one B. vietnamiensis genomes were bioinformatically screened for prophages using PHASTER (Phage Search Tool Enhanced Release) and prophage regions were found to comprise up to 3.4% of total genetic material. (mdpi.com)