Microbial activityAmount of biomassFluxesSoilsBasal respirationPhotosynthesis and respiraAffect soil respirationHeterotrophic respirationMeasured in-situMeasurementsCarbon dioxideEnzymeDecompositionTemperatureIncreasesFuelsNitrogenEffects on soilOxygenPlantAgricultural2002DynamicsMycorrhizalPhotosyntheticallyOrganicDiversityEcosystemLegaciesInorganicLitterTreatmentsActivityHarvestAtmosphereNorwayForestsDisturbanceConsumptionMethodsResponsesSevereWoodTreesProductionRates
Microbial activity5
- The hydrolysis of the fluorescein diacetate (FDA), related to several soil hydrolases, has been utilised to estimate the potential microbial activity of soil freshly amended with a wide range of organic amendments and compared to the size and activity of soil microflora, measured by the microbial biomass C ( B C ) and CO 2 evolution, respectively. (springer.com)
- Dilly O, Munch JC (1998) Ratios between estimates of microbial biomass content and microbial activity in soils. (springer.com)
- Ntougias S, Ehaliotis C, Papadopoulou KK, Zervakis G (2006) Application of respiration and FDA hydrolysis measurements for estimating microbial activity during composting process. (springer.com)
- Thus, nonselective techniques (those not involving the culturing of individual strains) are preferred for the analysis of both microbial activity and biomass. (biocycle.net)
- Small variations in temperature can affect microbial activity and biomass in composting sewage sludge much more dramatically than small changes in moisture, pH, organics, or C:N ratios. (biocycle.net)
Amount of biomass1
Fluxes6
- Soil respiration is one of the main terrestrial contributors to CO 2 fluxes in the global carbon cycle ( [15] ). (sisef.it)
- Oxygen respiration, nutrient fluxes and excretion rates were determined. (mdpi.com)
- ABSTRACT: The contribution of the intertidal barnacle Chthamalus montagui to CO 2 fluxes via respiration and calcification was measured both in the air and underwater. (int-res.com)
- The contribution of C. montagui respiration to DIC fluxes for an average daily immersion time of 8 h was 3.21 mmol m -2 d -1 . (int-res.com)
- The potential output of the model include current values of the ecosystem state variables (e.g. biomass for different plant functional types, PFTs) as well as biogeochemical fluxes of CO2 and H2O from ecosystems to the atmosphere or hydrosphere. (lu.se)
- Therefore, since 2002, researchers at the Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science have gathered data about the weather, fluxes of carbon and water, plant biomass, etc., in Sudan and Senegal - two countries in the Sahel region south of the Sahara. (lu.se)
Soils4
- FDA hydrolysis could serve as an alternative estimation of the microbial biomass in freshly amended soils, despite the disturbance caused by the exogenous organic matter. (springer.com)
- Anderson TH, Joergensen RG (1997) Relationship between SIR and FE estimates of microbial biomass C in deciduous forest soils at different pH. (springer.com)
- Contains a method for the determination of the active aerobic, heterotrophic microbial biomass in aerated agricultural and mineral soils. (iso.org)
- Overall, high-carbon soils were more vulnerable to microbial biomass losses than low-carbon soils. (springer.com)
Basal respiration3
- After the first FT event, basal respiration and the metabolic quotient (i.e., respiration per microbial biomass unit) were above pre-freezing values and thereafter decreased with subsequent FT cycles, demonstrating initially high dissimilatory carbon losses and less and less microbial metabolic activity with each iterative FT cycle. (springer.com)
- Secondly, basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon and metabolic quotient of the organic H and organo-mineral A horizons were assessed under laboratory conditions within one year after the treatment. (sisef.it)
- Basal respiration of the H horizon increased up to a dose of 9 t ha -1 but decreased at 26 t ha -1 . (sisef.it)
Photosynthesis and respira2
- Measurements of photosynthesis and respiration were made toward the end of the cold treatments and after re-acclimation. (int-res.com)
- The oceans also see photosynthesis and respiration, just like the biological carbon cycle on land, which means carbon dioxide is both absorbed and emitted. (lu.se)
Affect soil respiration3
- In addition to temporal and spatial changes based on natural factors, forest operations can affect soil respiration and soil carbon pools. (sisef.it)
- Thinning and its variants ( i.e. , type, intensity, timing and interactions with other forest practices) can affect soil respiration ( [9] ). (sisef.it)
- Harvesting and slash piling affect soil respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture regimes in Newfoundland boreal forests. (gc.ca)
Heterotrophic respiration2
- Soil microbial community responses to drought and exotic plants could potentially impact ecosystem C storage by producing a smaller, more vulnerable C pool of microbial biomass that is prone to increased pulses of heterotrophic respiration. (nature.com)
- Additionally, microbial heterotrophic respiration is one of the largest avenues of C loss from ecosystems [ 21 ]. (nature.com)
Measured in-situ1
- Firstly, the soil respiration was measured in situ as monthly CO 2 efflux from the soil surface horizon in the period May to October 2016. (sisef.it)
Measurements3
- Measurements include microbial respiration, biomass, nutrient. (ucar.edu)
- Biomass measurements were made monthly by harvest methods from mid-May 1970 to mid-May 1971. (ornl.gov)
- The NPP data collection contains field measurements of biomass, estimated NPP, and climate data for terrestrial grassland, tropical forest, temperate forest, boreal forest, and tundra sites worldwide. (ornl.gov)
Carbon dioxide4
- The two best described pathways involve the use of acetic acid or inorganic carbon dioxide as terminal electron acceptors: CO2 + 4 H2 → CH4 + 2 H2O CH3COOH → CH4 + CO2 During anaerobic respiration of carbohydrates, H2 and acetate are formed in a ratio of 2:1 or lower, so H2 contributes only c. 33% to methanogenesis, with acetate contributing the greater proportion. (wikipedia.org)
- The respiration of this increased biomass produces more carbon dioxide. (truthout.org)
- According to scientists, pyruvate is the last point of the plant's decision to either burn it and release carbon dioxide or use it to build phospholipids for plant oils, amino acids, and other biomass products. (isaaa.org)
- There are, however, no forests in the oceans, but instead carbon dioxide is turned into biomass by phytoplankton. (lu.se)
Enzyme2
- Perucci P (1992) Enzyme activity and microbial biomass in a field soil amended with municipal refuse. (springer.com)
- In summary, mixed planting treatment was more helpful to improve soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass, and enrich soil microbial diversity, which was of great significance to maintain the balance of soil ecosystem. (bioone.org)
Decomposition2
- In anoxic environments, it is the final step in the decomposition of biomass. (wikipedia.org)
- The technique has been used in investigating soil respiration, biomass, plant residue decomposition, and long-term field plots with different crop sequence combinations. (usda.gov)
Temperature5
- however, an empirical model including soil temperature and moisture observations better captures the reduced respiration. (nature.com)
- Bond-Lamberty, B. & Thomson, A. Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record. (nature.com)
- soil temperature (T S ), soil moisture (M S ), soil carbon (C), soil nitrogen (N), soil pH, ground cover biomass (GC), forest floor mass (FF), forest floor carbon (FFC) and nitrogen (FFN), and fine root biomass (FRB). (sisef.it)
- Samples were collected as part of a laboratory experiment assessing the effects of the rate of freezing and of the final temperature on soil nutrient dynamics and microbial biomass. (ucar.edu)
- During cold treatment, the maximal rates of gross and net photosynthesis ( P m g and P m n ), normalised to dry weight or tissue protein content, and the ratio of P m g to dark respiration (- R ) varied directly with temperature. (int-res.com)
Increases5
- Carbonization of biomass increases the half-life time of the remaining carbon (50%) by order of magnitudes and can be considered a manipulation of the carbon cycle. (biochar-international.org)
- While microbial responses to experimental droughts were weak, scant rainfall periods resulted in decreased microbial biomass and activity, and relative abundances of bacterial groups such as Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Acidobacteria decreased concomitantly with increases in Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes abundance. (nature.com)
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with Arundo donax decreases root respiration and increases both photosynthesis and plant biomass accumulation. (mpg.de)
- Annual net primary productivity (NPP) was calculated for the grassland according to several methods, with preference shown for the estimate given by summing positive increases in biomass and accounting for mortality. (ornl.gov)
- As productivity increases there is room to fit in more trees whose growing biomass provides a sink, or store, for carbon sequestered from the atmosphere. (lu.se)
Fuels3
- Biomass can also be added to a plant that has smaller, older, inefficient coal-fired units: One or more old units can be replaced by a modern, efficient boiler that is designed to best utilize solid fuels, including biomass. (powermag.com)
- In some regions, the widespread use of biomass fuels, such as wood, grasses, or other organic materials, also contributes to COPD prevalence. (msdmanuals.com)
- The overriding aim of this project is to analyse the economic and environmental trade-offs of policy interventions to promote the use of agricultural land for producing biomass to reduce the use of fossil-based fuels. (lu.se)
Nitrogen3
- Mondini C, Sánchez-Monedero MA, Leita L, Bragato G, De Nobili M (1997) Carbon and ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen of the microbial biomass in rewetted compost samples. (springer.com)
- This led to an immediate and lasting decoupling of microbial biomass carbon:nitrogen stoichiometry. (springer.com)
- The results showed that the urease activity and microbial biomass nitrogen content of mixed planting were higher than other treatments. (bioone.org)
Effects on soil1
- Thinning effects on soil and microbial respiration in a coppice-originated Carpinus betulus L. stand in Turkey. (sisef.it)
Oxygen2
- Individual ammocoete incubations suggested that biomass-specific oxygen consumption and ammonium, reactive phosphorus and silica excretion were size-dependent, and greater in small compared to large individuals. (mdpi.com)
- In my case, I measured not increase in biomass over a year, but increase in dissolved oxygen over a matter of hours. (bio.net)
Plant10
- Stress-adaptive cell plasticity in target tissues and cells for plant biomass growth is important for yield stability. (frontiersin.org)
- Cardoso and Arnholdt-Schmitt, 2013 ), since it influences the stability of plant biomass and yield production. (frontiersin.org)
- Approximately the same amount is released by plant respiration and decay of dead plant material. (biochar-international.org)
- A successful biomass plant design must provide flexibility for handling the expected wide range of biomass fuel properties and characteristics. (powermag.com)
- Power plant owners and developers have multiple ways to include biomass as a fuel in their fleets. (powermag.com)
- Whichever option a plant owner chooses, designing a plant, or its retrofit, with the special characteristics of biomass in mind is critical for successful use of the various forms of this renewable fuel. (powermag.com)
- While investigating the plant Arabidopsis thaliana , researchers found that plants control how much carbon from photosynthesis they keep to build biomass using a metabolic channel during respiration. (isaaa.org)
- We measured plant composition and modeled respiration rates required to form these carbonate isotopic values using a modified version of the soil diffusion model of [Cerling (1984) Earth Planet. (usgs.gov)
- We hypothesized that the inoculant dilutes the specific activity (33P/31P) in the soil solution or in the plant shoots because of P solubilization beyond the P mobilization by the endogenous microbial biomass. (orgprints.org)
- This so-called carbon sink results from the balance between plant photosynthesis, which annually takes up a significant fraction of the CO2 in the atmosphere, and a slightly smaller quantity of CO2 that is released back to the atmosphere though life processes (respiration) and wild fires. (lu.se)
Agricultural1
- Proposals for agricultural and forestry biomass utilization typically focus only on carbon sequestration or bioenergy production, failing to address the issues in tandem. (biochar-international.org)
20021
- 2013 ). For example, Hermann and Witter ( 2002 ) could show that around 65% of the C flush after FT was attributed to C derived from soil microbial biomass. (springer.com)
Dynamics1
- Their role as predators can even help with carbon dynamics , keeping carbon locked up in marine sediments, or by controlling the amount of respiring biomass in our seas. (truthout.org)
Mycorrhizal1
- I work both in experimental sites where the effect of different management practices is tested, such as fertilization, intensive biomass removal and wood ash recycling, but also in monitoring sites where mycorrhizal activity is related to environmental parameters such as N deposition, pH, precipitation etc. (lu.se)
Photosynthetically2
- Though NET Primary Productivity estimates are common (~2000 g m-2 yr-1 for swamp and marsh) (Begon, Harper and Townsend, 1990), I am seeking a value for total photosynthetically fixed energy, without subtracting for respiration. (bio.net)
- Since LUE models describe how radiation energy is converted into biomass, the incoming photosynthetically active radiation that is absorbed by vegetation (APAR) is an essential input to these models. (lu.se)
Organic3
- Perucci P, Dumontet S, Bufo SA, Mazzatura A, Cassuci C (2000) Effects of organic amendment and herbicide treatment on soil microbial biomass. (springer.com)
- Inoculation of the soil reduced organic P mineralization by the soil microbial biomass, which was supported by a simultaneous decrease in soil respiration. (orgprints.org)
- Understory density, soil density, organic matter content, and microbial biomass carbon were the environmental variables that significantly explained the diversity and species composition of arthropods. (bvsalud.org)
Diversity1
- Evaluate biological indicators of soil function including respiration, macrofauna distribution, microbial biomass, micorbial diversity, community and function and potential N mineralisation. (forestresearch.gov.uk)
Ecosystem1
- Some of our main research activities are driven by questions, such as the following: 1) Is it possible to reduce the uncertainties in our estimates of vegetation productivity and ecosystem respiration by combining in situ, EO and dynamic vegetation modelling methods? (lu.se)
Legacies1
Inorganic1
- Underwater respiration, determined from changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), fluctuated from 6.14 µmol g -1 h -1 in winter to 13.37 µmol g -1 h -1 in summer. (int-res.com)
Litter1
Treatments2
- Treatments included three levels of biomass removal within harvested areas: whole-tree harvest (no slash deliberately retained), 20% slash retained, and stem-only harvest (all slash retained), and two levels of green-tree retention: 0.1ha aggregate or none. (umn.edu)
- however, fine root biomass decreased after thinning treatments. (sisef.it)
Activity3
- De Nobili M, Contin M, Mondini C, Brookes PC (2001) Soil microbial biomass is triggered into activity by trace amounts of substrate. (springer.com)
- Also, the contribution of fine RR to total RR was higher than that of coarse RR because of high respiratory activity (Q 10 and R 10 ) as well as the large biomass of fine roots. (elsevierpure.com)
- In this study, we evaluate how the physical and chemical characteristics of the mixture of iron ore tailings with the soil have affected the soil microbial biomass and activity in areas along the Gualaxo do Norte River after the Fundão Dam disaster. (bvsalud.org)
Harvest1
Atmosphere1
- Annual sequestration rates by living biomass amount to approximately 100 to 120 billion tons of carbon from the atmosphere. (biochar-international.org)
Norway2
- Effect of different dolomitic limestone dosages on soil respiration in a mid-altitudinal Norway spruce stand. (sisef.it)
- The study focuses on the effect of chemical amelioration of dolomitic limestone (doses of 0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 26 t ha -1 ) on soil respiration in a Norway spruce monoculture in mid-altitudinal elevation during one-year period after application. (sisef.it)
Forests1
- This will be done by addressing the following research question: What is the effect of alternative management strategies, characterized by different levels of forestry intensity, harvesting of biofuels from forests and protection of forests being distributed across the landscape, on trade-offs and synergies between carbon sequestration, biomass production (wood and biofuels), biodiversity and soil and water quality? (lu.se)
Disturbance1
- Disturbance history influences downed woody debris and soil respiration. (gc.ca)
Consumption2
- Long‐term feeding experiments (months) showed that consumption rates of A. rubra in the spring (19.7% of the initial pack biomass) and in the fall (52% of the initial pack biomass) were intermediate between those of N. luetkeana (fully consumed) and Phyllospadix spp. (osti.gov)
- Short‐term feeding experiments again showed that consumption of A. rubra in the spring (18.6% of initial pack biomass over 3 d) and fall (16.7% over 7 d) was intermediate between N. luetkeana (57.3% consumed over 3 d in the spring and 60.7% over 7 d in the fall) and Phyllospadix spp. (osti.gov)
Methods1
- Trenching (Tr), root biomass regression (RR), and root excising (RE) methods were used to estimate the contribution of root (RR) and heterotrophic (HR) respiration to soil respiration (SR) in a cool-temperate deciduous forest in central Japan. (elsevierpure.com)
Responses1
- We examined the responses of soil respiration (R s ) to biomass harvesting and green-tree retention in an effort to empirically assess their impacts on C cycling. (umn.edu)
Severe1
- Salinity tolerance is related to cyanide-resistant alternative respiration in Medicago truncatula under sudden severe stress. (mpg.de)
Wood1
Trees1
- The model describes individual trees in terms of 13 variables ( Table ), including biomass variables and crown, stem, and root system dimensions. (helsinki.fi)
Production2
- The annual carbon production by the species was 39.07 g m -2 yr -1 with relative contributions by aerial respiration, underwater respiration and net calcification of 61, 36 and 3%, respectively. (int-res.com)
- Calculation of whole day net production indicated that rates of photosynthesis among samples incubated at 13°C or below were insufficient to maintain existing tissue biomass. (int-res.com)
Rates1
- Overall, we find that respiration rates are the main predictor of the δ 13 C value of soil carbonate in the Atacama, whereas the fraction C 3 to C 4 biomass at individual sites has a subordinate influence. (usgs.gov)